枯草芽孢杆菌C-36内切葡聚糖酶基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中融合表达

以自行分离筛选出的天然枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）C-36的染色体DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到含有内切葡聚糖酶基因的DNA片段,将其克隆到pMD-18T载体中,序列分析表明,克隆得到的DNA片段全长1602bp,编码一个含有499个氨基酸的多肽。与其他芽孢杆菌内切葡聚糖酶基因序列比对,其核苷酸同源率为90％～93％,其编码的氨基酸序列的同源性在90％～98％,已将此基因注册GenBank（DQ782954）。将含内切葡聚糖酶基因的重组克隆质粒进行亚克隆,用Kpn I和EcoR I双酶切后,与相同酶切的表达载体pET-32a相连接,并导入大肠杆菌BL21中表达。蛋白质电泳实验结果表明在6．47×10^4处有表达蛋白带。经测定表达蛋白比酶活力达99．02U／mL,为出发菌C-36（63．78U／mL）的1．55倍。     

绿色木霉内切几丁质酶cDNA的克隆及其编码蛋白的序列分析

根据已克隆的内切几丁质酶基因序列的同源性比较,设计引物,采用PCR技术从绿色木霉基因组中分离出一个大小为1467bp的特异DNA片段,采用RT．PeR技术从绿色木霉总RNA中分离出大小约1276bp的eDNA片段。序列对比后发现该内切几丁质酶DNA含有三个内含子,大小分别为52bp,69bp,64bp。同源性分析表明其全长eDNA序列和已经报道的内切几丁质酶序列的同源性高达95％以上,预测其编码蛋白的氨基酸序列含424个氨基酸残基,分子量为46kDa,氨基酸序列分析表明该内切几丁质酶164～172位氨基酸是其活性中心,用同源建模法模拟其空间结构模型,为进一步研究其作用机制奠定了良好基础。     

云南元江普通野生稻中Pi-ta和Pib同源基因的克隆和分析

用高保真PCR技术从云南元江普通野生稻中克隆了抗稻瘟病Pi-ta同源基因的编码区及Pib基因的部分同源序列。Pi-ta同源基因的编码区序列与报道的栽培稻有99.7%的同源性。根据前人的结果,从元江普通野生稻的Pi-ta基因推导的氨基酸序列中918位点为丝氨酸,属于Pi-ta~-等位基因,不能对含有AVRPita基因的稻瘟病菌产生抗性。与Pi-ta基因相比,元江普通野生稻中的Pib同源基因第一外显子与栽培稻的相应序列间存在较大差异,其中有一段87 bp的DNA序列缺失,而且不能按正常的Pib基因序列的阅读框进行翻译。因此认为,元江普通野生稻不具有基于Pi-ta和Pib基因的抗稻瘟病遗传基础。     

苦荞查尔酮合酶基因CHS的结构及花期不同组织表达量分析

采用同源克隆、染色体步移和RT-PCR技术,首次克隆到苦荞查尔酮合酶基因(CHS)的全长DNA序列和cDNA开放阅读框(ORF)序列.序列分析表明,苦荞CHS DNA序列(GU172165)全长1 632 bp,含1个445 bp的内含子;cDNA编码区(HM852753)全长1 188 bp,编码395个氨基酸,命名为FtCHS.生物信息学分析表明,FtCHS和推导的氨基酸序列与其它植物CHS基因同源率在95%以上,含有CHS多基因家族的标签序列(GFGPG)、活性位点、底物结合口袋位点和环化反应口袋位点.半定量RT-PCR分析苦荞花期FtCHS空间表达模型表明,其表达量未成熟种子叶茎花根成熟种子,与苦荞芦丁含量的分布基本一致,具有组织特异性。     

水稻葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶cDNA的电子克隆

电子克隆是基因克隆的新策略,以小麦胞质葡萄糖－6－磷酸脱氢酶cDNA(Tagpdl克隆）序列为信息探针,在GenBank水稻nr数据库中找到高度同源的水稻基因组序列,通过人工序列拼接及RT-PCR确认得到了水稻该基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为OsG6PDH,OsG6PDH与小麦Tagpdl克隆的DNA一致率为88％,推导的氨基酸序列与小麦,番茄,烟草的胞质葡萄糖－6－磷酸脱氢酶基因的一致率分别为89％,79％,80％,经RT－PCR表达谱分析,OsG6PDH在水稻幼穗,胚,根,叶中都有表达,在幼穗与根中表达略高,另外,讨论了利用水稻基因组信息的电子克隆方法克隆水稻功能基因的可行性。     

来源于Aspergillus candidus的乳糖酶基因的克隆及序列分析

从一株产乳糖酶的亮白曲霉（Aspergillus candidus)中克隆到了乳糖酶基因组DNA及cDNA序列（EMBL AC－CESSION No.AJ431643),序列分析表明,乳糖酶基因组DNA序列长3458bp,其中含有8个内含子,cDNA编码区长3015bp,共编码1005个氨基酸,前19个氨基酸为信号肽序列,氨基酸序列中共含有11个潜在的糖基化位点。将此基因在不同来源的乳糖酶基因序列进行比较发现,该基因与绝大多数乳糖酶基因同源性较低。虽与米曲霉ATCC20423的乳糖酶序列同源性较高,但其在酶学性质上更优于后者,亮白曲霉的乳糖酶基因可能是一个具有更广阔的生产应用前景的新基因。     

苦荞查尔酮合成酶基因CHS的结构及花期不同组织表达量分析

采用同源克隆、染色体步移和RT-PCR技术,首次克隆到苦荞查尔酮合酶基因（CHS）的全长DNA序列和cDNA开放阅读框（ORF)序列. 序列分析表明,苦荞CHS DNA序列（GU172165）全长1 632 bp,含1个445 bp的内含子;cDNA编码区（HM852753）全长1 188 bp,编码395个氨基酸,命名为FtCHS. 生物信息学分析表明,FtCHS和推导的氨基酸序列与其它植物CHS基因同源率在95%以上,含有CHS多基因家族的标签序列（GFGPG）、活性位点、底物结合口袋位点和环化反应口袋位点. 半定量RT-PCR分析苦荞花期FtCHS空间表达模型表明,其表达量未成熟种子＞叶＞茎＞花＞根＞成熟种子,与苦荞芦丁含量的分布基本一致,具有组织特异性.     

苦荞谷胱甘肽转移酶(FtGST)基因的克隆与序列分析

采用RACE技术,从苦荞(Fagopyrum tatarium)中克隆得到一个谷胱甘肽转移酶(Glutathione S-transferase protein,FtGST)基因。序列分析表明,FtGST基因全长DNA序列和cDNA序列编码区分别为746 bp和666 bp,DNA序列含有一个长度为80 bp(342-421 bp)的内含子;开放阅读框(ORF)长666 bp,编码221个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,FtGST基因推导的蛋白质含有Tau家族典型的底物结合口袋、谷胱甘肽结合位点(G-site)和疏水性底物结合位点(H-site)氨基酸残基,表明FtGST为Tau家族蛋白。     

荠菜LEAFY同源基因的克隆与进化分析

LEAFY同源基因是高等植物花的分生组织分化的重要调节基因。根据已发表的LEAFY同源基因序列保守区设计引物,以荠菜(Capsellabursa-pastoris(L.)Medic.)基因组DNA序列为模板,克隆了一条长2866bp的LEAFY同源基因。序列分析表明,该基因含有3个外显子和2个内含子,外显子编码424个氨基酸组成的多肽。其单个外显子核苷酸序列与拟南芥(Arabidopsisthaliana)LEAFY基因同源性在90%以上,氨基酸序列同源性为86%,而与琴叶拟南芥(Ara-bidopsislyrata)的氨基酸序列同源性高达90%。不同植物物种的LEAFY同源氨基酸序列在C端高度保守,而N端则有较大程度的变异。3个外显子进化速率不同可能是由于所受选择压力不同所致。存在于荠菜CapLFY基因346位上的精氨酸突变可能是造成荠菜两种生态型花期不同的原因。     

黄瓜胞质6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因克隆及序列分析

根据6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶(6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase,6PGDH)基因的保守氨基酸序列设计简并引物,应用RT-PCR技术从黄瓜栽培种品种'北京截头'(Cucumis sativus 'Beijingjietou')叶片中获得了640 bp的特异片段,以该序列在EST数据库进行同源检索筛选,发现甜瓜EST序列AM715537.2与之高度一致,据此设计引物经RT-PCR扩增、分子克隆和序列拼接,获得了黄瓜6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因全长序列,命名为Cs6PGDH(GenBank登录号FJ610345).序列分析表明,该基因全长1 829 bp,其中开放读码框(ORF)长1 488 bp编码495个氨基酸组成的多肽,编码区内无内含子存在,5'、3'端非翻译区长度各为70 bp和271 bp.Blast同源性分析显示该基因编码的氨基酸序列与拟南芥、大豆、水稻、玉米、菠菜等物种6PGDH 基因有74%以上的一致性.由于与其他物种胞质6PGDH相类似氨基酸N端都缺少长度约为40aa的转运肽,推断Cs6PGDH为黄瓜胞质6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因.     

Identification and isolation of glucose dehydrogenase genes of Bacillus megaterium M1286 and their expression in Escherichia coli

A gene encoding glucose dehydrogenase of Bacillus megaterium M1286 was isolated from a lambda-EMBL3 phage library. It is transcribed and translated in cells of the heterologous organism Escherichia coli by own control regions. The gene is located on a 1126-bp HindIII fragment. Its nucleotide sequence contains 220 bp in the 5' non-coding region, 783 bp in the coding region and 123 bp in the 3' non-coding region. The amino acid sequence, as deduced from the coding region, consists of 261 amino acids and is different from the known protein sequence of glucose dehydrogenase from B. megaterium M1286. [Jany, K. D., Ulmer, W., Fr?schle, M. & Pfleiderer, G. (1984) FEBS Lett. 165, 6-10]. By using this gene as a hybridization probe a second glucose dehydrogenase gene was isolated, which was also directly expressed in E. coli. Additionally a DNA region with extended sequence homology to the hybridization probe was identified. This work indicates the existence of at least two independent glucose dehydrogenase genes in B. megaterium M1286. Homologies in the primary structures of the two different glucose dehydrogenases of B. megaterium M1286 and of the corresponding Bacillus subtilis enzyme are discussed.     

Effect of Different Nutritional Conditions on the Synthesis of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Enzymes

The effect of various nutritional conditions on the levels of Krebs cycle enzymes in Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, and Escherichia coli was determined. The addition of glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, or compounds capable of being catabolized to glutamate, to a minimal glucose medium resulted in complete repression of aconitase in B. subtilis and B. licheniformis. The synthesis of fumarase, succinic dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, and isocitric dehydrogenase was not repressed by these compounds. It is postulated that glutamate or alpha-ketoglutarate is the true corepressor for the repression of aconitase. A rapidly catabolizable carbon source and alpha-ketoglutarate or glutamate must be simultaneously present for complete repression of the formation of aconitase. Conditions which repress the synthesis of aconitase in B. subtilis restrict the flow of carbon in the sequence of reactions leading to alpha-ketoglutarate but do not prevent glutamate oxidation in vivo. The data indicate that separate and independent mechanisms regulate the activity of the anabolic and catabolic reactions of the Krebs cycle in B. subtilis and B. licheniformis. The addition of glutamate to the minimal glucose medium results in the repression of aconitase, isocitric dehydrogenase, and fumarase, but not malic dehydrogenase in E. coli K-38.     

Purification and characterization of glucose dehydrogenase from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum.

Glucose dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum. The enzyme is a tetramer of polypeptide chain Mr 38,000 +/- 3000, it is catalytically active with both NAD+ and NADP+ cofactors, and it is thermostable and remarkably resistant to a variety of organic solvents. The amino acid composition was determined and compared with those of the glucose dehydrogenases from the archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus and the eubacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the Thermoplasma acidophilum enzyme was determined to be: (S/T)-E-Q-K-A-I-V-T-D-A-P-K-G-G-V-K-Y-T-T-I-D-M-P-E.     

The glucose effect in Bacillus subtilis

An analysis of the glucose downshift mechanism in Bacillus subtilis has shown that the depression of catabolic enzymes characteristic of the 'glucose effect' includes isocitrate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Additionally, phosphofructokinase undergoes what appears to be a reversible modification regulated by glucose transport.     

Structure and function of L-lactate dehydrogenases from thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria, IV. The primary structure of the mesophilic lactate dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis

The complete amino-acid sequence of lactate dehydrogenase from the mesophilic Bacillus subtilis (B. X1) was determined. Approximately 70% of the sequence was obtained by sequence analysis of intact protein (N-terminal sequence) and of four CNBr fragments (CNBr3, CNBr4, CNBr5 and CNBr6). Sequences overlapping the CNBr fragments were determined from polypeptide fragments obtained by cleavage using o-iodosobenzoic acid (cleavage at Trp) or clostripain (cleavage at Arg). The C-terminal amino-acid residue (Asn) was detected by carboxypeptidase Y-degradation. Lactate dehydrogenase from B. subtilis shows a 69% sequence homology to that from the thermophilic strain B. stearothermophilus, and a 34% sequence homology to those from higher organism. The homology of these enzymes is particularly high at the active site regions (the coenzyme and substrate binding sites). The relatively high sequence conservation of the lactate dehydrogenases from B. subtilis and B. stearothermophilus (and from other bacilli) allows a structural comparison of this temperature variants.     

Role of glucose dehydrogenase in germination of Bacillus subtilis spores

Abstract A mutant of Bacillus subtilis has been isolated which is devoid of glucose dehydrogenase. This mutant is unable to germinate on a mix of glucose, fructose, asparagine, and KCl, which is a normal germination trigger for wild-type strains. Transfer of the genotype by transformation to isogenic strains confers the same properties on these transformed strains. These observations strongly implicate glucose dehydrogenase in germination.     

重组枯草芽胞杆菌不对称还原产d-伪麻黄碱

为了实现羰基还原酶基因mldh在枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis中的表达并通过细胞内的葡萄糖脱氢酶完成辅酶的再生,以枯草芽胞杆菌rpsD基因的启动子PrpsD和终止子TrpsD为表达元件,将羰基还原酶基因mldh连接至构建好的质粒(pHY300plk-PrpsD-TrpsD上,得到质粒pHY300plk-PrpsD-mldh-TrpsD;进一步将重组质粒转化入B. subtilis Wb600中获得重组菌B. subtilis Wb600 (pHY300plk-PrpsD-mldh-Trps