微生态调节剂Microbe FA9102对仔猪及肉用仔鸡的饲养试验

Ｍｉｃｒｏｂｅ ＦＡ９１０２是我们新近研制的一种富含蛋白质的微生态调节剂。本试验研究了它对断乳仔猪及肉用仔猪的增重及饲料利用率的可能影响,Ｍｉｃｒｏｂｅ ＦＡ９１０２在它们的基础日粮中的添加量是５％。在断乳仔猪生长育肥试验中,Ｍｉｃｒｏｂｅ ＦＡ９１０２使仔猪的增重率显著提高（相对提高２５．８７％,Ｐ〈０．０５）,饲料消耗显著降低（相对降低１１．５％,Ｐ〈０．０５）,且较对照组提前３５天达到９０ｋ     

用草药羊红膻试治僵猪的试验报告

在总结群众经验的基础上,我们用草药羊红膻进行了治疗僵猪的试验,先后两期共试验22头,30天增重每头平均服药组比对照组高60.6％;按试前体重计算增长率,服药组比对照组多增长29.4％;服药组每月平均增重相当于试验前的4—20倍,服药组比对照组高43％。30—60天的较远期疗效观察,服药组增重     

桉叶饲料添加剂的研制和应用

桉树叶及其提取物是近期开发研究的一种新型饲料添加刺。在采用柠檬桉和窿缘桉等树叶作原料,单罐浸提,选择到最适工艺条件为浸提时间60分钟,溶剂浓度60％,料液比1:6—7,浸提次数2次,可取得较好的浸提效果。饲养禽畜试验表明,桉叶饲料添加剂能使猪增重13％左右,饲料报酬提高5—10％,蛋鸡提高产蛋2—3％,死亡率降低1％。肉鸡增重提高3％,饲科报酬提高4—8％,有显著的经济效益。     

微生态血粉研制与应用

试验采用多株益生菌发酵黄牛血液制成的微生态血粉,其粗蛋白含量达３５６％,含益生菌活细胞５×１０８个／克。动物饲养试验结果表明,微生态血粉在９５％的基础日粮中添加５％,能提高肉鸡增重５５％和猪增重６１％;临床试验表明,微生态血粉对鸡白痢和仔猪白痢治疗有效率分别达９４５％和８９６％。     

大豆黄酮对大鼠肌肉生长和几种内源激素水平的影响

给雄性、雌性和雄性去势大鼠皮下注射大豆黄酮［３ｍｇ／（１００ｇ体重·天）］１６天。结果：雄性大鼠日增重提高１４．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,耗料与增重比降低１２．０％,后腿肌重和后腿肌总ＲＮＡ含量显著增加,而总ＤＮＡ含量无显著变化;血清脲氮水平显著下降,血清睾酮、雌二醇、生长激素和β－内啡肽含量显著提高。雄性去势大鼠日增重、后腿肌重无显著变化,血清睾酮、生长激素和β－内啡肽水平虽显著高于对照组,但睾酮水平仅为同等条件下完整大鼠的８％左右。雌性大鼠日增重降低１９．０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,耗料与增重比提高１７．８％,血清睾酮、雌二醇和生长激素水平显著降低。试验结果表明：大豆黄酮对大鼠肌肉生长和几种内源激素水平的影响呈现性别差异,对雄性大鼠肌肉生长的促进作用依赖于睾丸的内分泌机能。     

禽分枝杆菌对豚鼠的致病性分析

【背景】我国禽型结核菌素(avian tuberculin)的制造用菌株为CVCC 68201、CVCC 68202和CVCC 68203株,但目前仍未明确这3株菌的生物学特性及对豚鼠致病性的情况。【目的】探究禽分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium avium)的生物学特性及对动物机体的致病性,为禽结核病和牛结核病的防控工作提供技术支撑。【方法】对3株禽分枝杆菌基因组进行鉴定分析及核酸相似度分析;用3株禽分枝杆菌分别感染豚鼠,观察感染后的临床症状、病理学变化、体重增重情况分析、皮内变态反应结果、脏器系数变化等,进而分析3株禽分枝杆菌对豚鼠的致病力。【结果】种型鉴定和进化分析结果表明,CVCC 68201、CVCC 68202和CVCC 68203均为禽分枝杆菌,基因组与Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium FDAARGOS_1608最为相近;在感染前期、中期、后期对3株禽分枝杆菌感染豚鼠的体重增重情况分析发现,感染禽分枝杆菌影响豚鼠增重,主要表现为生长迟缓,感染第5周时,CVCC 68201、CVCC 68202组豚鼠的平均体重明显轻于未感染组;皮内变态反应试验结果显示,感染CVCC 68201组豚鼠的皮肤红肿面积明显大于其他2个感染组,CVCC 68201可引起机体更为强烈的迟发型变态反应;3株禽分枝杆菌感染后,豚鼠脾脏和肺脏存在不同程度的肿大与出血,其中感染CVCC 68201豚鼠的肺脏系数与未感染组相比差异显著(P<0.01);病理学观察结果显示,豚鼠肺脏可见不同程度病变,其中CVCC 68201组更为严重,表现为肿大和轻微出血。各感染组豚鼠肺脏和脾脏组织切片抗酸染色均可见红色的分枝杆菌散在浸润。【结论】3株禽分枝杆菌对豚鼠均有一定程度的致病性,可引发局部病变。本研究为禽分枝杆菌的制备和鉴定提供依据,也为牛结核病的鉴别诊断方法研究提供参考。     

调痢生对雏鸭沙门氏菌病的防治研究

雏鸭沙门氏菌病是由一类沙门氏杆菌引起雏鸭以下白痢为主的急性传染病,发病率30～40％,病死率可高达80％以上,常呈地方性流行,给养鸭业带来极大损失。对该病治疗法虽多,但疗效不佳,特别是滥用抗生素使其肠道菌群失调,耐药菌株增多,致使疗效降低或无效,为克服抗生素所造成的弊病,寻求理想的防治药物和提高经济效益的新途径,作者用新型活菌制剂调痢生对该病进行了防治试验。试验分预防和增重试验、治疗试验,自然病例病原的分离与人工感染治疗试验三部分。试验药物     

肠膜明串珠菌对常见致病菌的拮抗试验

肠膜明串珠菌（L。nterords）是在天然或人工的食品与植物环境中与乳酸细菌共生,本试验菌是从蛋白发酵饲料中分离出的1株乳酸细菌,用该菌发酵的饲料饲养助禽幼畜,抗病力强,成活率高,生长发育快。为研究其作用机理,进行了孩菌对常见致病菌的桔抗试验。1材料与方法三．五材料1．1．1试验菌种肠膜明串珠菌、大肠埃希菌。伤寒沙门菌、乙型副伤寒沙门菌、福氏志贺菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌,均为教研室保存。1．1．2培养基SZ固体培养基黄豆芽汁100nd,蔗糖2．sg,营养琼脂4g;SZ液体培养基：黄豆芽汁50rnl,肉膏汤50llil,蔗糖2…     

仔猪日粮中添加绿宝素和益生健的试验效果

目的 试验选用体重7.0-12.5kg的长大二元杂断奶仔猪60头,随机分成A、B、C三个组,每组20头。A组为对照组,饲喂仔猪基础日粮;B组在基础日粮中添加0．1％绿宝素;C组在基础日粮中添加0．1％绿宝素和0．02％益生健。通过28d的饲喂试验表明：C组B组的日增重比对照组A分别提高11．06％和6．76％,C组比B组的日增重提高4．03％,方差分析结果显示差异均显著（P＜0．05）;A、B、C三组的饲料利用率虽然差异不大,但也以A、B、C递增;日采食量以两试验组较高（0．92Kg／头日）,比对照组A提高4．54％;腹泻率以C组最低（0．54％）;B组居中（0．89％）,A组最高（1．07％）;试验期间仔猪死亡2头,都因肺炎引起。证明绿宝素和益生健具有提高仔猪生产性能的作用。     

实验藏酋猴日粮蛋白质营养水平研究

目的本试验旨在研究不同蛋白水平对实验藏酋猴生长性能和血液生化指标的影响并确定幼年实验藏酋猴的蛋白营养需要量。方法选用15只幼年实验藏酋猴随机分为5个处理组,每个处理3个重复,分别饲喂蛋白水平为11．1％、16．1％、20．5％、24．5％和29．8％的日粮,试验期90d。结果随着日粮中蛋白水平的提高,实验藏酋猴的增重、血清白蛋白、球蛋白、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶和尿素氮含量显著增加（P〈0．05）,而血清总蛋白、甘油三酯、γ-谷氨酰胺转移酶和碱性磷酸酶无显著差异。应用折线法确定幼年实验藏酋猴的蛋白营养需要量为23．69％。结论日粮蛋白水平对实验藏酋猴生长性能有显著影响,从生物学和经济学角度考虑,初步认为在本试验条件下,未成年实验藏酋猴日粮蛋白水平以23．69％最合适。     

猪源乳酸杆菌对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌DT104在猪肠道上皮细胞IPEC-J2上粘附的影响

采用猪肠道上皮细胞株IPEC-J2体外培养模型,考察9株猪源乳酸杆菌对IPEC-J2细胞的粘附特性,以及对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌DT104粘附的竞争、排斥、置换和抗侵袭作用.结果显示,9株乳酸杆菌均能粘附IPEC-J2细胞,粘附率在0.1%～10%之间,具有菌株特异性和浓度效应.乳酸杆菌和沙门氏菌同时加入细胞培养,能竞争性抑制沙门氏菌的粘附,并具有浓度效应,高浓度(109 CFU/mL)添加K30、K67和K16时,抑制率可达80%以上.乳酸杆菌预处理细胞后再加入沙门氏菌,高浓度乳酸杆菌可降低沙门氏菌粘附率40%～70%,而中浓度(108 CFU/mL)乳酸杆菌能抑制23%～33%沙门氏菌对细胞的侵入.但是,只有高浓度添加乳酸杆菌能置换已经粘附的沙门氏菌,置换率在12%～84%之间.该结果为临床上筛选乳酸杆菌,有效防治猪沙门氏菌病提供了一条新的途径.     

In vitro antifungal,probiotic and antioxidant properties of novel Lactobacillus plantarum K46 isolated from fermented sesame leaf

This study aimed to describe the diversity of antifungal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in popular traditional Korean fermented food. A total of 22 LAB strains was selected and subjected to a monophasic identical approach using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Antifungal LAB associated with fermented food was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (9), Lactobacillus graminis (5), Lactobacillus pentosus (4), Lactobacillus sakei (2), Lactobacillus paraplantarum (1), and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides (1). Novel Lactobacillus plantarum strain K46 exhibited comparatively better antifungal activity against several spoilage fungi, and was deposited in the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KACC91758P). Antifungal substances from the spent medium in which K46 was cultivated were extracted with ethyl acetate. Antifungal activity was assessed using the broth micro dilution technique. Compounds were characterized based on infrared, ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ¹H NMR spectral data. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds against Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium roqueforti was 2.5 mg/mL and that against Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata and Gibberella moniliformis was 5.0 mg/mL. K46 was able to survive gastrointestinal conditions simulating the stomach and the duodenum passage with the highest percentage of hydrophobicity. In addition, its resistance to hydrogen peroxide and highest hydroxyl radical and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities, with inhibition rates of 43.53 % and 56.88 %, respectively, were to its advantage. An antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was an intrinsic feature of this strain, thus consumption does not represent a health risk to humans. The results showed the potential of K46 strain as an antifungal, probiotic and antioxidant culture, and hence it was determined to be suitable for application in functional foods.     

儿童口腔内变形链球菌、乳酸杆菌的检出情况分析

调查评估年龄<12岁儿童口腔内变形链球菌及乳酸杆菌的检出情况及其与龋病的相关性。100例纳入实验的受试者根据不同龋敏感程度分为无龋组(DMFS=0)50人,高龋组(DMFS≥6)50人,按照不同龋敏感度、不同部位采集样本,用乳酸杆菌选择性培养基Rogosa和变形链球菌选择性培养基MSB,将乳酸杆菌和变形链球菌分离,经形态学及生化鉴定。统计2种细菌在不同分组中的检出率及不同致龋菌病例数,研究二者的致龋相关性。乳酸杆菌在100例研究对象中乳酸杆菌在龋坏深层检出率最高76%与光滑面(40%)、窝沟(48%)及唾液(40%)检出率比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),而龋坏深层变形链球菌检出率46%与光滑面(84%)、窝沟(68%)及唾液(78%)检出率比较最低(P<0.05);高龋人群变形链球菌检出率88%,乳酸杆菌检出率为76%均较无龋组相应细菌检出率26%、28%差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。变形链球菌和乳酸杆菌随着龋敏感度的增加,乳酸杆菌和变形链球菌检出率增高;在龋坏深层更适于乳酸杆菌生长,且其对变形链球菌有一定的抑制作用。     

Lactobacilli in the intestinal microbiota of Swedish infants

Lactobacillus colonisation was examined in 112 Swedish infants. Faecal samples obtained at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks and at 6, 12 and 18 months of age were cultivated quantitatively on Rogosa agar. Lactobacilli were speciated by PCR and typed to the strain level by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Lactobacilli reached a peak at 6 months when 45% of the infants were colonised. L. rhamnosus and L. gasseri were the most common species in this period. Colonisation by lactobacilli in general (P < 0.01) and L. rhamnosus in particular (P < 0.05) was more common in breast-fed than in weaned infants at 6 months of age. Lactobacillus isolation reached a nadir of 17% by 12 months (P < 0.0001), but increased to 31% by 18 months of age P < 0.05). The food-related species L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. acidophilus and L. delbrueckii dominated in this second phase. A single strain persisted for at least 3 weeks in 17% of the infants during the first 6 months, most commonly L. rhamnosus. Lactobacillus population counts in colonised infants increased from 10(6.4) cfu/g at 1 week to 10(8.8) cfu/g at 6 months, and then dropped to 10(5.4) cfu/g faeces at 12 months of age. Lactobacillus colonisation was not significantly related to delivery mode, or to presence of siblings or pets in the household. Our results suggest that certain Lactobacillus species, especially L. rhamnosus, thrive in the intestinal flora of breast-fed infants. After weaning they are replaced by other Lactobacillus species of types found in food.     

乳杆菌制剂在不同阴道炎治疗中的作用分析

目的探讨微生态疗法在女性不同阴道炎症治疗中的临床价值,为临床使用微生态制剂治疗阴道炎症,提供新的方法和理论基础。方法以2013年3月至2013年8月在沈阳医学院附属第二医院妇科门诊就诊的阴道炎患者共计892例,作为研究对象,在治疗上采取抗（真）菌药＋乳杆菌制剂,比较各组的治疗效果（7d及14d治愈率）。结果治疗效果比较（7d和14d治愈率）：单纯外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病（VVC）：分别为91．34％和99．10％,P〈0．01,差异有统计学意义;单纯细菌性阴道病（BV）：分别为98．50％和100％,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义;单纯滴虫性阴道炎（TV）：分别为98．41％和100％,P〉0．05,差异无统计学意义;混合感染：分别为88．12％和99．01％,P〈0．01,差异有统计学意义。结论乳杆菌制剂配合抗（真）菌药在治疗不同阴道炎中的效果不同,疗程不同。     

肉鸡盲肠乳酸杆菌的数量与生产性能的相关性分析

研究小刺猴头菌发酵浸膏对肉鸡生产性能和盲肠乳酸杆菌的影响。选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只。空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加不同剂量(添加量按其多糖含量在基础日粮中的比例为0.1%、0.3%、0.5%)的HFC,试验为期60 d。结果表明:1⁴2日龄时,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组的平均日增重极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。2142日龄时,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组的平均日增重极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。21⁴2日龄时,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组的平均日采食量极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。142日龄时,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组的平均日采食量极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01)。1⁴2日龄时,与空白对照组相比,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组能够极显著降低料肉比(P<0.01)。定量分析盲肠乳酸杆菌表明:42日龄时,与空白对照组相比,0.1%、0.3%、0.5%HFC组极显著增加盲肠乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.01)。乳酸杆菌与生产性能的相关性分析表明:42日龄时,肉鸡的平均日增重与盲肠乳酸杆菌呈极显著正相关(r=0.983,P<0.01),料肉比与盲肠乳酸杆菌呈显著负相关(r=-0.908,P<0.05)。饲料中添加HFC有助于提高肉鸡的生产性能,促进盲肠乳酸杆菌的增殖;盲肠乳酸杆菌的增殖有助于提高肉鸡的生产性能。     

Impact of two probiotic Lactobacillus strains feeding on fecal lactobacilli and weight gains in chicken

Two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus agilis JCM 1048 and L. salivarius subsp. salicinius JCM 1230 isolated from chicken intestine, exhibited probiotic characteristics that can be applied for chicken production. After 7 days of probiotic feeding (FD7), the count of intestinal lactobacilli in the probiotic group (group P, n=10) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in the control group (group C, n=9). After 40 days of probiotic feeding (FD40), the lactobacilli and enterococci counts were stable but the Enterobacteriaceae number was significantly reduced (p<0.05). A total of 163 isolated lactobacilli were identified as the L. acidophilus/gallinarum group (49.7%), L. agilis (30.7%), L. salivarius (9.2%), L. reuteri (9.2%), and Lactobacillus spp. (1.2%). The probiotic lactobacilli positively affected the Lactobacillus biota in chickens at FD7, with a significant increase in the number (p<0.05) of L. agilis and group P. The viable counts of each Lactobacillus species at FD40, however, showed no differences between two groups. An increasing incidence of L. agilis was also noted with probiotic feeding. The probiotic effect of two strains resulted in significantly increased weight gains (10.7%) of group P in comparison with group C at FD40 (p<0.01).     

Quantitative evaluation of adhesion of lactobacilli isolated from human intestinal tissues to human colonic mucin using surface plasmon resonance (BIACORE assay)

AIMS: To isolate lactobacilli from the mucus layer of the human intestine and evaluate their adhesion abilities using a BIACORE assay. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty strains of lactobacilli were isolated from the mucus layer of normal human intestinal tissues using conventional plate culture. The strains were identified using homology comparisons of the 16S rDNA sequence to databases as Lactobacillus salivarius (26%), Lactobacillus fermentum (13%), Lactobacillus gasseri (10%), Lactobacillus paracasei (7%), Lactobacillus casei (3%), Lactobacillus mucosae (3%) and Lactobacillus plantarum (3%). Lactobacillus plantarum LA 318 shows the highest adhesion to human colonic mucin (HCM) using the BIACORE assay at 115.30 +/- 12.37 resonance unit (RU). The adhesion of cell wall surface proteins from strain LA 318 was significantly higher to HCM than to bovine serum albumin (BSA; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We isolated 30 strains of lactobacilli. Lactobacillus salivarius was the predominant species of lactobacilli isolated in this study. The adhesion of strain LA 318 isolated from human transverse colon to its mucin was shown. The adhesion could be mediated by lectin-like components on the bacterial cell surface. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first study where lactobacilli were isolated from human intestinal tissues and shown to adhere to HCM.     

两株乳杆菌对牙鲆体表及消化道粘液的粘附特性

目的利用从牙鲆肠道分离的1株鼠李糖乳杆菌P15和1株干酪乳杆菌(Lc),研究它们在牙鲆粘液中的粘附特性以及不同pH和盐度对其粘附的影响。方法用异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记法。结果P15和Lc对牙鲆的体表粘液和消化道粘液均有粘附作用,2株菌对消化道粘液的粘附效果好于体表粘液,且对胃的粘附百分率最高,分别是48.18%和63.0%。这2株菌在各部位的粘附受pH和盐度的影响,在弱酸性环境中和32左右的盐度中具有较强的粘附能力。结论在海水盐度条件下,P15和Lc在消化道粘附率较高。     

Determination of specific activities and kinetic constants of biotinidase and lipoamidase in LEW rat and Lactobacillus casei (Shirota)

Enzyme kinetic parameters, such as K(m), V(max) (or V), k(cat)/K(m), and K(i) (by biotin or lipoic acid) for biotinidase and lipoamidase were determined in Lewis (LEW) rat and Lactobacillus casei (Shirota) using fluorimetric high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that the final protein concentration below 0.1mg/ml is sufficient to obtain linear hydrolytic reaction and to determine the Michaelis-Menten type kinetic parameters (K(m), V, K(i)). We applied this HPLC enzyme assay method onto the rat and some bacteria. The highest specific activities (Vs) for biotinidase were found in Lactobacillus casei (Shirota) and rat kidney. It was also found that the largest K(i) by product for biotinidase and lipoamidase were present in the Lactobacillus casei (Shirota). There has been found specie (between rat and mouse) differences and tissue (organ) differences, together with tissue region differences and sex differences in some tissues. Summary of the distributions of both enzymes in LEW rat was also presented. Therefore, this HPLC determination method for the enzyme kinetic parameters in tissues is expected to be an indispensable tool for the investigation of the various diseases in humans.