间断电针对家兔发热效应的抑制作用及其与脑脊液中cAMP和PGE_1含量变化的关系

本实验以14只家兔发热前后脑脊液中cAMP和PGE_1含量的变化,作为对照组;在17只家兔上观察了间断电针对发热效应的抑制作用及其与脑脊液中cAMP和PGE,含量的变化关系。实验结果如下:(1) 静脉注射内生致热原(EP)后1.5h动物体温上升达高峰,同时脑脊液中cAMP和PGE_1含量也明显增加。(2) 间断电针能明显抑制EP性发热效应,同时也阻止了脑脊液中cAMP和PGE_1含量的升高。间断电针组的体温反应高峰、体温反应指数和脑脊液中cAMP、PGE_1含量与给EP后同时间对照组比较显著降低。     

蛙皮素对大鼠IFN性发热反应及脑内AVP含量的影响

目的:研究蛙皮素(BN)能否拮抗大鼠干扰素(IFN)性发热反应及其可能机制的探讨.方法:建立大鼠IFN-α性发热模型,观察侧脑室注射BN对大鼠IFN-α性发热反应及下丘脑、脑腹中隔区(VSA)精氨酸加压素(AVP)含量的影响.结果:①侧脑室注射IFN-α(每只2、5、8×104U)引起剂量依赖性体温升高,同时测得VSA中AVP含量明显增加(P<0.05),下丘脑AVP含量无明显变化(P>0.05).②侧脑室注射BN(每只0.1、0.5 μg),引起剂量依赖性体温降低(P<0.01),同时测得VSA中AVP含量增加( P<0.05),下丘脑AVP含量无明显变化(P>0.05).③侧脑室注射IFN-α(每只5×104U)30 min后,侧脑室注射BN(每只0.5 μg),BN能逆转大鼠发热反应(P<0.05),并于150 min时,大鼠体温恢复到对照组水平,同时测得VSA中AVP含量与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:内生性AVP可能参与了IFN-α性发热反应的调节;BN降正常体温及解热作用可能通过AVP介导完成的.     

分级颅脑损伤对大鼠血浆精氨酸加压素和β-内啡肽水平的影响

有研究表明,β-内啡肽(B-EP)可影响精氨酸加压素(AVP)分泌;AVP也可刺激β-EP释放。并有研究提示,AVP和内啡肽可能也在脑源性肺水肿的病理发生中起作用。本实验观察了分级颅脑损伤对血浆AVP和β-EP水平的影响,以探讨血浆AVP和β-EP水平与颅脑损伤严重程度的关系。     

杏仁内侧核注射AVP和AVPMcAb对家兔ET性发热效应的影响

目的和方法：在大脑杏仁内侧核微量注射精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）和精氨酸加压素单克隆抗体（ＡＶＰＭｃＡｂ）,观察其对家兔内毒素（ＥＴ）性发热效应以及视前区一下丘脑前部（ＰＯＡＨ）温敏神经元放电活动的影响。结果：①杏仁内侧核微量注射ＡＶＰ能明显抑制家兔ＥＴ性发热效应,注射ＡＶＰＭｃＡｂ能明显易化家兔ＥＴ性发热效应;②杏仁外侧核分别注射ＡＶＰ和ＡＶＰＭｃＡｂ则对家兔ＥＴ性发热效应无明显影响;③杏仁内侧核分别注射ＡＶＰ和ＡＶＰＭｃＡｂ后ＰＯＡＨ热敏神经元和冷敏神经元放电活动均无明显变化。结论：家兔杏仁内侧核也是ＡＶＰ抗热效应的一个重要的作用部位,杏仁内侧核注射ＡＶＰ的抗热作用途径与隔区注射ＡＶＰ的抗热途径可能不同     

纳洛酮对发热大鼠下丘脑中cAMP和腹中膈区AVP含量的影响

目的：研究纳洛酮对白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）致热大鼠发热反应的影响及机制。方法：经大鼠侧脑室微量注射IL-1β建立发热模型,观察纳洛酮对发热大鼠体温的影响,并测定下丘脑中环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）和腹中膈区精氨酸加压素（AVP）含量。结果：纳洛酮减弱了IL-1β致热效应,同时下丘脑中cAMP和腹中膈区AVP含量也相应减少（P〈0．01）。结论：纳洛酮能够抑制大鼠IL-1β性发热,其机制可能是抑制下丘脑中cAMP的合成,并且促进腹中膈区AVP的释放。     

缺血预适应对大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注后肺损伤的影响

目的:观察肢体缺血预适应对大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注(I/R)后肺损伤的影响并探讨其机制。方法:将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组(n=8):对照组(C),肢体缺血/再灌注组(LI/R),缺血预适应组(IPC)和L-NAME组。各组大鼠均于肢体缺血4h再灌注4h处死,分别测定其动脉血氧分压(PaO2)和二氧化碳分压(PaCO2),血浆及肺组织丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)含量,计算血浆NO/ET比值;以及肺湿干比(W/D)、肺系数(LI),肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量。结果:大鼠LI/R后4h,PaO2明显降低;W/D、LI、血浆及肺组织的MDA、NO、ET和肺组织MPO活性均明显增加,而血浆NO/ET比值明显减小。与LI/R组比较,IPC组各项损伤指标明显减轻,NO水平升高,血浆NO/ET比值明显增大。与对照组和IPC组比较,L-NAME处理组,各项损伤指标数值明显增加,NO水平降低;血浆NO/ET比值明显减小,差异均具有显著性。各组大鼠PaCO2的变化无显著性。结论:缺血预适应对肢体缺血/再灌注后肺损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与内源性NO合成增加有关。     

川芎定痛颗粒对硝酸甘油致偏头痛大鼠作用的研究

目的观察川芎定痛颗粒对硝酸甘油致偏头痛大鼠的作用。方法将60只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、佐米曲普坦组(0.83 mg每千克体质量)、川芎定痛颗粒高剂量组(1.75 g浸膏粉每千克体质量)、中剂量组(0.88 g浸膏粉每千克体质量)、低剂量组(0.44 g浸膏粉每千克体质量)6组,灌胃给予相应药物5 d后,除正常对照组外,对大鼠皮下注射硝酸甘油每千克体质量10 mg,建立偏头痛大鼠模型,通过ELASA方法检测大鼠血浆中5-羟色胺(5-HT)、内皮素(ET)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和脑组织中5-HT、多巴胺(DA)、NE的含量。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组血浆中5-HT与ET含量明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),川芎定痛颗粒高、中剂量组可明显升高其含量,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),佐米曲普坦组、川芎定痛颗粒低剂量组有升高的趋势;NE含量明显降低,正常对照组与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),川芎定痛颗粒高剂量组可明显升高其含量,而佐米曲普坦组、川芎定痛颗粒中、低剂量组则是含量降低,与模型组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。与正常对照组比较,模型组脑组织内5-HT含量差异虽无统计学意义,但降低趋势明显,且川芎定痛颗粒高剂量组能明显升高其含量,与模型组比较有统计学意义(P0.05),佐米曲普坦组、中、低剂量亦有升高的趋势;与正常对照组比较,模型组脑组织内NE含量明显升高,有统计学差异(P0.05),川芎定痛颗粒高、中剂量组能明显降低其含量,与模型组比较有统计学差异(P0.05);与正常对照组比较,模型组脑组织中DA含量降低,有统计学差异(P0.05),川芎定痛颗粒高、中剂量组能升高其含量,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论川芎定痛颗粒对硝酸甘油致偏头痛大鼠有治疗作用,其机制可能与调节模型大鼠血浆及脑组织内单胺类神经递质5-HT、NE、ET、DA含量有关。     

心钠素对卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠血浆和脑组织加压素的影响

为研究心钠素(ANF)和精氨酸加压素(AVP)的相互作用在原发性高血压发病中的意义,对卒中易感型自发性高血压大鼠(SHRsp)和对照大鼠(WKY)侧脑室(icv)或静脉(iv)注射人ANF-(99-126)观察其对血浆、下丘脑和垂体AVP含量以及平均动脉压(MAP)和尿量(UV)、尿钠(U_(Na)V)排泌的影响。静脉注射ANF后10min,SHRsp和WKY大鼠的MAP分别下降9.4％和12.2％(P<0.05),UV分别增加9和20倍(P<0.01),U_(Na)V增加16和29倍(P<0.01)。侧脑室注射ANF对两种大鼠的MAP、UV和U_(Na)V排泌均无明显作用。静脉或侧脑室注射ANF均使两种大鼠的血浆AVP水平明显下降,其中SHRsp的血浆AVP浓度下降程度(iv,-58％;icv,-31％)弱于WKY大鼠(iv,-80％;icv,-65％),下丘脑AVP含量在两种大鼠中都明显增加,而垂体AVP含量无明显变化。 结果表明,人ANF-(99-126)有明显的抑制AVP释放和降压、利尿、利纳作用,而SHRsp对这些作用的敏感性都降低,提示SHRsp对ABF的反应减弱可能在自发性高血压大鼠的发病中具有一定的意义。     

中枢精氨酸加压素在大鼠促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素释放激素引起发热机制中的作用

实验对大鼠进行第三脑室和脑腹中隔区插管,用数字体温计测量大鼠的结肠温度,用放射免疫分析法测定脑中隔区精氨酸加压素（arginine vasopressin,AVP）含量,观察脑中隔区AVP在大鼠促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（corticotrophin releasing hormone,CRH）性发热机制中的作用。结果发现：脑室注射CRH（5.0μg）引起大鼠结肠温度明显升高,同时明显增高脑中隔区AVP的含量。脑腹中隔区注射AVP V1受体拮抗剂本身并不导致大鼠结肠温度明显改变,但能显著增强脑室注射CRH引起的发热反应。而且,腹中隔区注射AVP显著抑制大鼠CRH性发热。结果提示：发热时CRH是引起脑腹中隔区AVP释放的因素之一,脑腹中隔区内源性AVP抑制中枢注射CRH引起的体温升高。     

实验大鼠肝性病肠道菌群失调与血氨的关系

目的　探讨肝性脑病实验大鼠肠道菌群失调对血氨浓度的影响。方法　Wistar大鼠4 0只,随机分为4组,其中3组制备肝性脑病模型,剩余1组为正常对照组,分别以灌胃给药,以需氧、厌氧法及血浆除蛋白滤液法检测肠道菌群及血浆中血氨含量。结果　肝性脑病与正常对照组比较,有明显的肠道菌群失调症,同时伴有血氨浓度显著升高( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　实验大鼠肠道菌群失调可引起大鼠血浆内血氨浓度明显升高,进而引发肝性脑病及亚临床肝性脑病     

急性缺氧暴露不同时间家兔血浆心钠素、抗利尿激素、醛固酮的变化

本实验观察了８０只家兔在急性缺氧６、１２、２４、３６、４８、６０、７１ｈ后肺指数、血浆心钠素（ＡＮＰ）、抗利尿激素（ＡＶＰ）、醛固酮（ＡＬＤ）及尿量的变化。结果表明：在缺氧２４－７２ｈ,肺指数明显升高,尿量减少;缺氧１６ｈ,血浆ＡＮＰ明显升高;而缺氧４８和６０ｈ无ＡＮＰ升高现象。缺氧７２ｈ,血浆ＡＮＦ又明显高于缺氧前水平;血浆ＡＶＰ只在缺氧２４ｈ明显升高;血浆ＡＬＤ未见显著性变化。这些结果提示：在缺氧状态下,ＡＮＰ、ＡＶＰ的释放均与缺氧暴露的时间有关。这些激素的平衡失调可能与急性缺氧性肺水肿的发生有关。     

BRAIN CONCENTRATIONS OF BIOGENIC AMINES AND THEIR METABOLITES IN TWO TYPES OF PYROGEN-INDUCED FEVER IN RABBITS

The effects of two bacterial pyrogens (gonococcus vaccine and E. coli lipopolysaccharide) on brain and CSF concentrations of the biogenic amines and their major metabolites were compared in rabbits. Both pyrogens induced a similar fever, but only the lipopolysaccharide elicited marked biochemical alterations. The main changes observed were: a decrease in the concentrations of acid metabolites of dopamine during the upward course of the first peak of fever; a decrease in the hypothalamic concentrations of noradrenaline at the second peak of fever; a general increase in the metabolites of biogenic amines around the second peak and during the fall of fever. The results led to the conclusion that no significant correlation exists between body temperature and brain amine levels in rabbits. The alterations observed could be a consequence of the fever itself when considered in terms of trauma to the organism.     

隔区注射AVP和AVP抗血清对家兔温敏神经元放电的影响

精氨酸加压素可能是一种内源性退热剂,其抗热作用的最敏感点位于大脑边缘系统的隔区。为了研究ＡＶＰ抗热的作用的机理,本文观察了隔区注射ＡＶＰ和ＡＶＰ抗血清对家兔视前区－下丘脑前部温度敏感神经元放电活动的影响。实验结果如下：１（１）隔区注射ＡＶＰ能使ＰＯ－ＡＨ热敏神经元放电明显增加,冷敏神经元放电明显减少;而隔区注＝谢人工脑脊液对热敏神经元和冷敏神经元的放电均无明显影响。（２）隔区注射ＡＶＰ抗血清后,Ｐ     

Radioimmunoassay of arginine vasopressin in human plasma.

Antibodies for the radioimmunoassay of arginine vasopressin (AVP) described here were produced in rabbits using synthetic AVP coupled to rabbit gamma-globulin with carbodiimide. In three out of six rabbits, significant antibody titres were obtained. Using the best antisera produced, 40% of labeled AVP was bound at a final dilution of 1:50.000. After iodination of synthetic AVP with 125I using the chloramin-T method, a gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 was performed to purify the iodinated AVP. For separation of antibody bound and free hormone, a second antibody precipitation was used. There was no crossreactivity with oxytocin. AVP was extracted from plasma after ammoniumsulfate precipitation of the proteins by adsorption to Florisil. The recovery of AVP added to plasma in amounts between 5-25 pg/ml was 60 +/- 15% (n equals 6). The minimum amount of AVP detectable was 1 pg per ml plasma. The plasma level in normal adults under standard conditions was 3.4 +/- 2.2 pg/ml. This is in agreement with data recently published by other researchers. The applicability and reproducibility was further tested in measurements of samples taken hourly during the entire day under water diuresis and after hormonal stimulation of AVP.     

海马内注射6—OHDA对大鼠条件回避行为习得和保持的影响

本文研究了在大鼠两侧背海马内注射6-OHDA后,儿茶酚胺能纤维和多巴胺能纤维末梢在穿梭箱条件性回避行为习得和保持中的作用。结果表明:(1)6-OHDA使海马内多巴胺含量明显减少,特别是去甲肾上腺素含量的减少更为显著。(2)条件性回避行为的习得受到损害。(3)海马内注射加压素易化条件性回避行为的效应被阻断。     

电刺激兔肾脏传入神经对血压,心率及加压素释放的影响

本工作以兔为实验对象,观察电刺激肾脏传入神经（ＡＲＮ）对血压、心率、颈交感神经放电、以及加压素（ＡＶＰ）合成和释放的影响,并对ＡＲＮ进入中枢的通路作了观察。结果显示,电刺激ＡＲＮ可以引起血压下降、心率减慢、颈交感神经放电抑制等反应,ＡＲＮ的兴奋还可使下丘脑的视上核、室旁核中的ＡＶＰ含量增加,垂体中ＡＶＰ含量下降,血浆ＡＶＰ水平升高。硝普钠的降压实验和静脉注射ＡＶＰ受体阻断剂ＡＶＰａ的实验均证实了Ａ     

Diurnal pattern of plasma and cerebrospinal-fluid vasopressin levels in hydrocephalic patients: absence of a circadian rhythm and of a correlation between plasma and cerebrospinal-fluid variations

The arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations were determined in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during a 24-hour period in 7 male patients suffering from hydrocephalus of differing etiologies. Blood and ventricular CSF samples were simultaneously collected every 2 h during the day (08.00-22.00) and every hour during the night (24.00-07.00). In both plasma and CSF, the AVP levels did not show significant time-related circadian variations. No significant correlation was found between the plasma and CSF AVP values during the 24-hour period. The data obtained indicate the absence of the plasma and CSF AVP circadian rhythm in hydrocephalic patients and suggest that in these patients, and possibly in healthy humans, physiological stimuli which are able to induce variations in the plasma AVP concentration during daily life do not alter the CSF AVP content.     

Metabolic and endocrine effects of water and/or food deprivation in rats

Metabolic and endocrine effects of water and/or food deprivation in rats. We aim at studying the effect of water deprivation, food deprivation and their combination for three days on adrenal cortex, pituitary-thyroid axis and vasopressinergic system activity in rats. Corticosterone level was determined by fluorimetric method. The levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by immunoenzymatic assay and vasopressin (AVP) level was determined by radio-immunoassay. In all three groups, basal levels of plasma corticosterone were increased. A thyroid dysfunction was shown after water deprivation, food deprivation and their combination reflected by a significant decrease in FT4 levels. Paradoxically, a significant decrease in TSH level was observed in food-deprived rats and in rats subjected to simultaneous food and water deprivation, while a slight and not significant decrease in TSH level was shown in water-deprived rats. A significant increase in plasma AVP level was observed after water deprivation and simultaneous water and food deprivation, while no change was found after food deprivation. The data indicated that water deprivation, food deprivation and their combination stimulated the adrenal cortex, thereby suggesting a stress state. On the other hand, it seems that nutritional stress modifies the pituitary-thyroid axis through mechanisms different from those of osmotic stress. Moreover, it seems that food deprivation partially prevented the stimulatory effect of water deprivation on vasopressinergic system.