刺壳椒化学成分研究

刺壳椒又名三百棒 ,系芸香科花椒属植物。其根、茎、果实均可供药用〔1,2〕。刺壳椒化学成分的研究尚未见报道。我们曾对数种原产于中国的花椒属植物进行过化学成分的研究 〔3～ 12〕,并讨论了花椒属中Zanthoxylum和 Fagara2个亚属合并为广义的 Zanthoxylum的合理性〔13〕。为了寻找新的生物活性成分 ,并给花椒属的化学系统学提供一定依据 ,我们初步研究了刺壳椒的化学成分 ,从其茎的乙醇提取物中分得 9个化合物 ,其中 6个分别鉴定为白藓碱 ( ) ,γ-花椒碱 ( ) ,6,7,8-三甲氧基香豆素 ( ) ,β-谷甾醇 ( ) ,胡箩卜甙 ( )和一长链混合脂肪酸…     

小花花椒化学成分研究

小花花椒(Zanthoxylum micranthum Hemsl.)系芸香科花椒属植物,主要分布于我国南部的云南、贵州、四川、湖北和湖南等省。我们在进行湖北省药用植物研究时,对此植物进行了化学成分的研究。由其根皮的乙醇提取物中分得三种化合物。经鉴定,晶Ⅰ为α-别隐品碱(α-allocryptopine);晶Ⅱ为花椒碱Ⅱ(FagarinⅡ);晶Ⅲ为     

中国花椒属（广义）叶表皮特征初步研究

利用光镜和扫描电镜对国产花椒属Zanthoxylum s.1.40种(变种)植物的叶表皮形态特征进行了观察.结果发现:无规则型气孔器普遍存在于所有研究种类叶下表皮及个别种类叶上表皮;叶表皮细胞有规则多边形、不规则多边形2种形态;垂周壁式样有平直、浅波状和深波状3种类型.在扫描电镜下,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为平滑、浅波状或波状;气孔器附近的角质膜平坦或皱褶.表面光滑或具有各种纹饰.叶表皮形态特征研究结果表明崖椒亚属subgen.Fagara与花椒亚属subgen. Zanthoxylum之间存在有许多的共同点,它们共同组成广义花椒属.文中还对叶表皮特征在花椒属部分种类分类中的应用进行了讨论.     

江苏省花椒属(芸香科)植物地理分布新记录

报道江苏省花椒属地理分布新记录植物1种——椿叶花椒(Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb.et Zucc.),并对该省花椒属植物进行了补充记述。椿叶花椒分布于中国东南部(福建、浙江、江西、广东、广西、贵州、四川、云南、台湾)至东亚和东南亚的热带与亚热带地区,在江苏为新记录,且是该种分布的最北界。凭证标本存放于南京师范大学生命科学学院生物标本馆(NJNUH)。     

狭叶花椒化学成分研究——Ⅰ.Yangambin的分离鉴定

从芸香科(Rutaceae)花椒属植物抉叶花椒(Zanthoxylum stenophyllum Hemsl.)根皮中分到一种木脂体,通过MS、IR、UV、NMR、DEPT和双共振技术,确定其结构为(IR,2S,5R,6S)-2,6-Bis(3,4,5-trime-thoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxan-bicyclo[3,3,0]Octane.即Yangambin。     

大叶臭椒的化学成分并论花椒属植物的化学分类

从芸香料花椒属植物大叶臭椒(Zanthoxyllum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook.f.)的茎皮中分离到12个化学成分,其中10个分别鉴定为1-细辛素(1-asarinin)、fargesin、1-syringaresinol、γ-山椒素(γ-sanshool)、羟基γ-山椒素(hydroxy γ-sanshool)、alatamide、dihydroalatamide、tembamide、两面针碱(nitidine)和isoarnottianamide。后者系首次从本属机物中分离得到。通过对在花椒属及其近缘类群化学成分的比较,结合生源途径,讨论了系统演化的一些问题。认为花椒属是芸香科的一个原始类群,支持广义的花椒属应包括花椒亚属Subgen.Zanthoxyllum和岩椒亚属Subgn.Fagara并认为前者较后者更显原始特性。     

刺异叶花椒的化学成分研究

从芸香科花椒属植物刺异叶花椒(Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum var. spinifolium)中分得五个已知的化合物,其中四个为生物碱:氧化勒(木党)碱(oxyavicine)(Ⅰ);铁屎米酮(canthin-6-one)(Ⅱ);乙氧基白屈菜红碱(ethoxychelerythrine)(Ⅲ);勒(木党)碱(avicine)(Ⅳ);另一化合物为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)(Ⅴ)。     

花椒的化学成分及其药效学研究

目的:综述近年我国花椒属中药花椒和椒目等中化学成分及其药理学研究进展。方法:采用文献检索系统收集、分析、整理和总结,并提己见。结果:一是近年以花椒和椒目为主的花椒属中药和天然植物的化学成分及其药效学研究已有部分报道,并且已经受到医药研究界关注。二是花椒和椒目主要含挥发油、萜类(芳樟醇和柠檬烯为主)、氨基酸、矿物质和蛋白质等;而研究较为深入的挥发油中主要含28%-33%α-亚麻酸和29%-35%亚油酸。三是花椒和椒目的主要活性物质是挥发油中不饱和脂肪酸等,其主要药效作用是降血压和降血脂、抗菌、抗炎、抗溃疡、杀虫等。结论:以花椒和椒目为主的花椒属植物中所含不饱和脂肪酸类挥发油、蛋白质和矿物质等,对于人类心脑血管、皮肤病和感染性等疾病具有显著药用开发价值。     

单面针的生物碱研究

自芸香科(Rutaceae)花椒属植物单面针(Zanthoxylum nitidum var. fastuosum How ex Huang)的根皮中分得五种已知生物碱:乙氧基白屈菜红碱(ethoxychelerythrine)(Ⅰ);氯化光花椒碱(nitidine chloride)(Ⅱ);去甲基白屈菜红碱(des-N-methychelerythrine)(Ⅲ);α—别隐品碱(α-allocryptopine)(Ⅳ);鹅掌揪宁(liriodenine)(Ⅴ).     

中国花椒属(广义)叶结构研究

对国产花椒属32种4变种叶结构特征进行了研究。结果发现,花椒属叶脉均属于羽状脉弓形脉序类型;叶齿具全缘、具齿或钝齿3种类型;二级叶脉有分支或不分支;三级叶脉有分支、网状和及顶3种类型;多数种类叶齿无腺点,仅4种叶齿有腺点。叶结构研究结果支持花椒亚属和崖椒亚属的亚属等级,它们共同组成广义的花椒属,并支持花椒属为芸香科中比较原始类群的观点;但不支持Engler将花椒亚属和崖椒亚属独立成属的分类处理。基于重要外部形态学特征和叶结构特征,重新对花椒属下两个亚属的检索表进行了修订。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细