2022年新药研发发展态势

新药研发作为医药产业中的重要环节,是医药产业发展升级的关键环节。近几年,源头技术的突破、多学科交叉整合的创新,促成了新药研发的快速发展。2022年以来,全球新药研发模式加速演进,获批上市的新药类别不断丰富,抗体药、细胞与基因治疗药物快速发展,一批重磅新药的上市给复杂疾病的诊治带来了新希望。本文从获批上市药物类别、新技术驱动新药开发等视角出发,对2022年新药研发的进展进行了综述,以期为后续研究提供参考。     

日本研制的"重磅炸弹"候选药

在制药业界所谓的"重磅炸弹"指的是年销售额超过10 亿美元的某种药品.2009 年世界已经有104 枚"重磅炸弹"存在.从疾病种类来看,与循环器官疾病相关的药品最多,占"重磅炸弹"的20%,这是因为患者人数多而且一旦接受药物治疗就会有长期用药的倾向.第二位是癌症,第三位是中枢神经系统疾病.     

罕见病药物市场与管理

罕见病,又称"孤儿病",是指发病率极低的疾病,绝大部分属于先天性疾病、慢性病,且常常危及生命。近年来,随着公众认知度的提高、国家政策的支持、诊断及治疗技术的进步,罕见病药物市场逐渐发展起来,销售额逐年增加,出现多个"重磅炸弹"级药物。国际大型药企开始抢占罕见病药物市场并且加紧药物研发,目前正在研发的罕见病药物有500多个,主要针对罕见癌症、遗传性疾病、神经类疾病、传染性疾病和自身免疫性疾病等。发达国家和地区在罕见病管理及市场发展方面都已经比较完善,而中国在这方面还比较落后。对中国罕见病药物市场的发展困境进行了分析并提出了几点建议,希望能够促进国内罕见病药物市场的快速发展。     

聚焦抗体药物产业发展

<正>抗体药物具备特异性高、性质均一、有效性和安全性等优点,在各种疾病治疗、特别是对肿瘤治疗的应用前景备受关注。当前,抗体药物的研发已成为生物制药领域最受瞩目的发展方向和研究热点,是"重磅炸弹"药物相对集中的领域之一。同时,抗体药物也是医药行业中高技术含量、高附加值、高门槛的产品类群。     

2015 年江苏省医药产业发展报告

江苏省作为传统医药大省,是全国医药产业发展的重要组成部分。通过资料查询,从产业规模与体系、研发创新、产业潜能、人 才队伍、科研机构和专利发明等多方位,分析江苏省医药产业发展现状,并与其他医药产业重点省份进行比较,揭示目前全省医药产业 发展中的主要问题所在,为全省医药产业健康发展建言献策。     

国际重组蛋白药物市场和研发趋势的分析

从1982年美国批准第一个重组蛋白药物（重组人胰岛素Humulin）上市至今,已过去了四分之一世纪。重组蛋白药物虽仅占全球处方药市场的7％～8％,但却是增长最快的一类。目前,共有82个重组蛋白药物被用于临床,其中“重磅炸弹”15个,占总数的18％。2005年重组蛋白药物销售总额约410亿美元,而其中“重磅炸弹”的销售额合计约270亿美元,占总额的66％。2006年,美国和欧洲批准了第一个肺吸入型胰岛素上市;欧洲批准了第一个由转基因羊生产的重组人抗凝血酶用于临床,并批准了第一个重组蛋白仿制药物上市。重组蛋白药物市场已经从蛹发育为美丽的蝴蝶,但是,这只蝴蝶能够美丽多久,还受到多种因素的制约。本文以美国和欧洲重组蛋白药物市场为主,采用市场细分的方法,从重组蛋白药物种类的销售额入手,分析了市场及研发趋势,将对我们判断市场走向、提供创新思维和制定创新战略有实际的参考价值。     

国内释药技术市场的未来不是梦——2005中国国际药物制剂创新论坛在京召开

在药物研发进入制剂创新时代的今天,药物释放技术已走在药物创新的最前沿,成为市场主导,推动着全球医药产业的发展。     

2013~2014年生物技术产业资本市场态势

<正>由于许多重磅炸弹药物即将失去专利保护,而现有的研发管线将不能弥补专利悬崖导致的收入下降,大型制药公司通过投资、并购、专利许可/合作等方式获得新的产品布局创新,这就使得2013~2014年生物技术资本市场展现出繁荣态势。文章从整体融资情况、融资方式、市场分布等角度,结合重     

从创新药物申报角度探讨中美新药评审制度的异同

创新药物研发是国家医药产业发展的原动力,美国作为全球新药研发能力最强的国家,这与其食品药品管理局在新药审批过程中给 予的技术支持和政策鼓励密不可分。通过分析比较我国与美国的新药评审相关政策的异同,学习和借鉴美国的成功经验,为我国创新药物 注册审评制度的调整与完善提供参考。     

2001至2005年全球处方药销售和新药研发趋势的分析

分析处方药市场动态和研发趋势将对我国“十一五”生物医药发展战略的确立提供有意义的参考。全球人用处方药市场近5年发展迅速,其销售额连续突破了4000亿、5000亿和6000亿美元等“多零”关节点,已经成为21世纪经济快车的重要引擎之一。世界50强和10强制药企业销售额合计分别占总额的70%～78%和42%～58%;2005年,50强和10强的研发投入分别约为750亿美元和450亿美元。年销售额超过10亿美元的“重磅炸弹”总数为94个,降血脂药物销售稳定地排在首位,抗肿瘤药物近2年增长最快,生物制品连续2年增长率大于17%。新批上市药物呈现了下降趋势。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Composition and diversity of bird communities in Swedish farmland–forest mosaic landscapes

CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Rhus typhina L. and their chemotaxonomic significance

This work describes the isolation and characterization of twenty-nine compounds from the fruits of Rhus typhina L., including eleven flavonoids (1–11), eleven phenols (12–22), two pentacyclic triterpenes (23–24), two organic acids (25–26), one lumichrome (27), one courmarin (28) and one pyrimidine (29) on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Compounds apigenin (1), daidzein (4), orobol (5), 3′, 5, 5′, 7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (6), naringenin (7), butein (8), (-)-catechin (9), quercetin-3-O-α-L-(3″-O-galloyl)-rhamnoside (11), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (14), vanillin (15), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (16), 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide (18), tyrosol (19), caffeic acid (20), 3-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-1-one (21), phlorizin (22), friedelin (23), oleanolic acid (24), 4,4-dimethyl-heptanedioic acid (25), anthranilic acid (26), lumichrome (27), scoparone (28) and uracil (29) have not been recorded before in this plant. This is the first report on the occurrence of compounds 4–7, 9, 11, 13–14, 16, 18–21, 25–29 from the genus Rhus. Moreover, the chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds was also summarized.