三种厚朴叶绿体基因组的比较研究

为了深入发掘日本厚朴、厚朴、凹叶厚朴叶绿体基因组差异,筛选厚朴优良性状候选基因,开展三种厚朴的分子遗传研究,该文利用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序平台首次对日本厚朴叶绿体进行测序、组装,并与已有的厚朴、凹叶厚朴叶绿体基因组共同注释,获得三个物种叶绿体基因图谱,筛选出三个基因组中的差异基因,又与同科中11个亲缘物种进行叶绿体基因组比对,构建NJ遗传树。结果表明:(1)日本厚朴叶绿体基因组的Clean Reads为19 791 019,Q30为91.33%,组装后基因组全长160 051 bp,GC含量为39.2%,含tRNA 37个,rRNA 8个。(2)比对分析发现三种厚朴具有相似的IR、LSC和SSC结构,以及GC含量和tRNA数量,但编码基因种类和数量、内含子和外显子的数量和结构等存在差异。(3)日本厚朴的功能基因数目较厚朴、凹叶厚朴分别多6个和4个,主要分布于LSC区和IR区,涉及核糖体大亚基、核糖体小亚基和未知功能基因类群。(4)系统发育分析结果进一步显示日本厚朴与凹叶厚朴亲缘关系较近,其次是厚朴。该研究表明日本厚朴具有更丰富的叶绿体基因组结构、组成和变异特征,是其适应高纬度地区弱光、低温环境的分子机制,这为厚朴类优良品种的分子选育提供有力的指导。     

厚朴叶营养成分随不同采收期的变化分析

测定不同月份厚朴叶营养成分,了解厚朴叶营养成分含量变化趋势,为厚朴叶作为饲料添加剂或饲料提供可行性依据。采用一系列常规方法测定厚朴叶中营养成分、矿质元素和氨基酸的含量。结果表明厚朴叶水分含量为41.6%~82.5%,粗纤维为20.5%~24.1%,粗脂肪为3.9%~5.9%,维生素C为22.8~91.0μg/g,还原糖为7.5%~14.0%,可溶性糖为22.1~61.9 mg/g,蛋白质为0.2%~6.4%。分析发现厚朴叶含有Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn等矿质元素,共检测出17种氨基酸。所有营养成分指标在不同月份间大多具有显著性差异。厚朴叶粗纤维含量高可作为牛羊等反刍动物饲料,也可根据动物的营养需求作为饲料添加剂。与其它月份比较而言,9月份生长的厚朴叶各项营养成分指标相对较好。     

厚朴类中药厚朴酚及和厚朴酚含量测定

采用HPLC测定法,对几种中药厚朴及其不同地方代品中和厚朴酚、厚朴酚的含量测定分析。数据结果表明正品厚朴与地方代用品之间的和厚朴酚、厚朴酚的含量差别很大,正品厚朴也因产地不同含量存在差别。     

对毛芽厚朴“新变种”的看法

本文通过对厚朴、凹叶厚朴和毛芽厚朴的研究,认为毛芽厚朴的建立不可靠,应归并到凹叶厚朴中。     

快速测定厚朴中厚朴酚及其含量的方法

目的:通过建立系统的HPLC快速检测方法,分析厚朴中主要药用成分厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量,确定厚朴的药用价值及开发利用价值.方法:用HPLC法对张家界、隆回及恩施地区的厚朴植株的不同部位的药材中厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量进行了含量的分析.结果:结果快速、准确、重现性好、HPLC分析图谱理想.结论:本文所运用的HPLC分析条件能快速准确的鉴定厚朴酚及和厚朴酚的含量,确定厚朴药材的品质,并对混乱的药材市场有一定的监控作用.     

对毛芽厚朴“新变种”的看法

本文通过对厚朴、凹叶厚朴和毛芽厚朴的研究,认为毛芽厚朴的建立不可靠,应归并到凹叶厚朴中。     

陕南秦巴山区厚朴群落土壤肥力评价

以秦巴山区7个厚朴群落为对象,分析土壤养分含量的变化规律,同时对各群落土壤肥力进行评价,以期为该区土壤肥力的提高和厚朴群落配置模式的筛选提供理论依据和实践指导。结果表明,秦巴山区厚朴群落间土壤养分含量差异显著;除全磷和全钾外,随土层深度的增加,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量逐渐减小。厚朴群落土壤肥力综合指数从大到小依次为:4a凹叶厚朴(1.054)2a凹叶厚朴(0.882)山茱萸-凹叶厚朴混交林(0.673)7a尖叶厚朴(-0.243)7a凹叶厚朴(-0.713)杜仲-凹叶厚朴(-0.812)11a凹叶厚朴(-0.840)。因此随着林龄的增大,厚朴群落土壤肥力有下降的趋势。结合厚朴群落土壤养分差异分析和厚朴群落土壤肥力评价结果,得出山茱萸-凹叶厚朴混交林的土壤肥力相对较好,为该区植被恢复的最佳营造模式。     

响应面法优化厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的提取工艺研究

为探讨响应面法优化厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚的提取工艺。以溶媒比、乙醇浓度、提取时间为自变量,和厚朴酚与厚朴酚总提取百分含量作为因变量,通过对自变量各水平的多元线性回归及二项式拟合,用响应面法选取较佳工艺,并进行预测分析。确定最佳提取工艺为溶媒比60 mL·g-1、乙醇浓度为72%、提取时间78 min,和厚朴酚与厚朴酚总提取百分含量达2.29%。说明响应面法优选厚朴中和厚朴酚与厚朴酚成分提取工艺,方法简单,结果可靠。     

厚朴的资源及其利用价值

厚朴在我国已有两千多年应用历史,临床上常用的霍香正气丸、霍香正气水等中成药中,厚朴为其主要的中药之一,目前中国、日本、朝鲜及东南亚地区广为应用。近年国内外对厚朴的研究进行了大量的工作,其应用范围越来越广。     

不同树龄厚朴干、枝皮中的酚的分离及含量测定

应用高效液相色谱法,对都江堰市不同树龄厚朴干、枝皮中所含厚朴酚、和厚朴酚含量的动态分布进行了测定。结果表明：都江堰市不同树龄、不同部位厚朴中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚含量随树龄增大而增加,均在25年左右达到最高值;为厚朴药材质量评价、遗传改良及合理采收提供理论依据。     

Effects of an oriental herbal medicine, “Saiboku-to”, and its constituent herbs on Compound 48/80-induced histamine release from peritoneal mast cells in rats

Effects of a traditional oriental herbal medicine, "Saiboku-to" and its constituent herbs on Compound 48/80-induced histamine release from peritoneal mast cells in rats were investigated. Saiboku-to inhibited Compound 48/80-induced degranulation of and histamine release from the mast cells, suggesting that Saiboku-to not only possesses anti-histamine release effect from mast cells, but also contains active herbs with this effect. Significant inhibitions were found in 4 of 10 constituent herbs of Saiboku-to: Magnoliae Cortex, Perillae Herba, Bupleuri Radix and Hoelen. In the dose-response curves of the four herbs, the logarithmic linearity was observed for each herb, and 50% inhibitory concentration, the IC50 values, were calculated to be 56.8 microg/ml for Magnoliae Cortex, 175.8 microl/ml for Perillae Herba, 356.6 microg/ml for Bupleuri Radix, and 595.8 microg/ml for Hoelen. One mg/ml of Saiboku-to showing 75% inhibition of Compound 48/80-induced histamine release level from mast cells contains 88.5 microg of Magnoliae Cortex (it was estimated from the dose-response curve that this dose inhibits 62.68% of the Compound 48/80-induced histamine release level), 58.8 microg of Perillae Herba (21% inhibition), 205.9 microg of Bupleuri Radix (35.24% inhibition), and 147.1 microg of Hoelen (11.15% inhibition). From these results, it is suggested that the anti-histamine release effect of Saiboku-to, which contains 10 herbs, may be due mainly to the effect of Magnoliae Cortex and the synergism of the 3 other herbs.     

中药降脂方与阿托伐他汀代谢性相互作用的体外研究

目的：本研究旨在评估降脂中药复方2（Fang-2）及其6个饮片（虎杖、泽泻、甘草、苍术、厚朴和夏枯草）的水提物对肝脏细胞色素CYP3A4的抑制作用,及对阿托伐他汀的代谢性药物相互作用。方法：（1）应用中药标准化制备技术,制备降脂中药复方2及其6个饮片的水提物;采用超速离心法制备肝微粒体。（2）评价降脂中药复方2及其饮片对CYP3A4抑制作用。（3）评价降脂中药复方2及其饮片的水提物对阿托伐他汀的代谢的影响。结果：（1）体外实验的结果提示复方2的水提物显著地抑制了微粒体CYP3A4的活性,其IC50值为9．884mg／mL。虎杖水提物对微粒体CYP3A4的活性具有显著的抑制作用,其IC50值为0．5491mg／mL。（2）阿托伐他汀是首过代谢CYP3A4的底物,在肝脏微粒体中大于70％的母体被代谢,其体外清除率Clint和半数清除时间分别为41．10mL／mg／min和60．43分钟。降脂中药复方2水提物与肝微粒体孵育后,阿托伐他汀的首过代谢显著减慢。降脂中药复方2及其6个饮片水提取物对CYP3A4的抑制强度与避免阿托伐他汀首过代谢的潜力成正比。结论：本文首次应用体外方法研究了在临床上共同使用与PCI术后的阿托伐他汀和降脂中药复方2之间的代谢性相互作用,揭示了后者及其饮片通过抑制CYP3A4改善了前者的强烈的首过代谢,从而可能优化临床治疗方案。     

山茱英的化学、药理及开发应用研究进展

本文就有关山茱萸中的挥发性成分、环烯醚萜苷、鞣质、有机酸等化学成分,山茱萸的抗菌消炎、调节免疫、降血糖、保肝、抗癌、抗休克、抗氧化、抗艾滋病等药理作用,以及国内外开发应用状况进行了文献综述,并对山茱萸的基础研究和进一步开发利用提出建议。     

天然食用密蒙花黄色素的研究

密蒙花黄色素是从醉鱼草科(Buddlejaceae)醉鱼草属(Buddleja Linn.)植物密蒙花树(Budd Leja officinaLis Maxim.)的花蕾中提取的一种天然食用色素。色素的主要化学成份是藏花素(Crocin)。该色素是水溶性色素,对热稳定,在pH 6—7范围内光稳定性好;氧化剂、还原剂、盐、糖、淀粉、金属离子(除Fe离子外)对色素的色译、色价无不良影响。     

中药桑白皮化学成分及药理活性研究进展

桑白皮是一种重要的药用植物资源.本文概述了桑白皮的药用化学成分及其药理研究进展,桑白皮具有降血糖血压、平喘利尿、抗HIV及抗肿瘤等功效,具有广阔的药物开发前景.     

合欢皮与山合欢皮的理化性质的比较研究

采用紫外分光光度法,薄层色谱法,溶血试验,泡沫反应等,对合欢皮与山合欢皮的理化性质进行了比较研究。结果表明:可以将山合欢皮作合欢皮使用。     

Effects of 17beta-estradiol on blood-brain barrier disruption during focal ischemia in rats.

This study was performed to test whether 17beta-estradiol could attenuate the blood-brain barrier disruption caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the ovariectomized rats. Rats aged twelve to fourteen weeks were used in this study. Their ovaries were removed one week prior to the implantation of the pellets. For the 17beta-estradiol group, a 500 microg 17beta-estradiol 21 day-release pellet was implanted and for the control group, a vehicle pellet was implanted 21 days before the experiments. One hour after middle cerebral artery occlusion under isoflurane anesthesia, the transfer coefficient of 14C-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (104 Daltons) and the volume of 3H-dextran (70,000 Daltons) distribution were determined to represent the degree of blood-brain barrier disruption. Blood pressures and blood gases were similar between controls and 17beta-estradiol-treated rats. In both groups, the transfer coefficient of the ischemic cortex was higher than that of the corresponding contralateral cortex (control: Ischemic Cortex 12.5 +/- 5.9 microl/g/min, Contralateral Cortex 3.0 +/- 1.6, p < 0.001; 17beta-estradiol: Ischemic Cortex 6.7 +/- 3.3 micro l/g/min, Contralateral Cortex 2.2 +/- 0.9, p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the transfer coefficient of the contralateral cortex between these two groups. However, the transfer coefficient of the Ischemic Cortex of the 17beta-estradiol-treated animals was 46 % lower than that of the control, vehicle-treated rats (p < 0.05). The increase of the volume of 3H-dextran distribution with middle cerebral artery occlusion was significant in the vehicle-treated rats (Ischemic Cortex: 6.4 +/- 2.7 ml/100 g, Contralateral Cortex: 3.8 +/- 0.8, p < 0.01) but not in the 17beta-estradiol-treated animals. Our data suggest that chronic 17beta-estradiol treatment was effective in reducing blood-brain barrier disruption during focal ischemia in the ovariectomized rats.     

Simultaneous determination of five characteristic stilbene glycosides in root bark of Morus albus L. (Cortex Mori) using high-performance liquid chromatography

Introduction – Cortex Mori, one of the well‐known traditional Chinese herbal medicines, is derived from the root bark of Morus alba L. according to the China Pharmacopeia. Stilbene glycosides are the main components isolated from aqueous extracts of Morus alba and their content varies depending on where Cortex Mori was collected. We have established a qualitative and quantitative method based on the bioactive stilbene glycosides for control of the quality of Cortex Mori from different sources. Objective – To develop a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet absorption detection for simultaneous quantitative determination of five major characteristic stilbene glycosides in 34 samples of the root bark of Morus alba L. (Cortex Mori) from different sources. Methodology – The analysis was performed on an ODS column using methanol‐water‐acetic acid (18: 82: 0.1, v/v/v) as the mobile phase and the peaks were monitored at 320 nm. Results – All calibration curves showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9991) within test ranges. This method showed good repeatability for the quantification of these five components in Cortex Mori with intra‐ and inter‐day standard deviations less than 2.19% and 1.45%, respectively. Conclusion – The validated method was successfully applied to quantify the five investigated components, including a pair of cis‐trans‐isomers 1 and 2 and a pair of isomers 4 and 5 in 34 samples of Cortex Mori from different sources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Beneficial effects of Phellodendri Cortex extract on hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

This study investigated the effect of Phellodendri Cortex extract on hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), and diabetic treatment with Phellodendri Cortex extract (DP). Over a 4-week experimental period, Phellodendri Cortex extract was administered orally at 379 mg/kg BW/day. The final fasting serum glucose level, urine total protein level, and relative left kidney weight in the DP group were significantly lower than the DC group. Renal XO and SOD activities in the DP group were significantly lower than the DC group and renal CAT activity in the DP group was significantly higher than the DC group. Tubular epithelial change was reduced in the DP group compared to the DC group. These results indicated that Phellodendri Cortex can reduce glucose level and prevent or retard the development of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.     

土壤因子对关黄柏10种化学成分含量的影响

为了揭示不同产地土壤因子对关黄柏酚酸类、生物碱类和柠檬苦素类化学成分含量的影响,本研究对31个样点的15个土壤因子及所产药材的10种化学成分含量进行检测。通过冗余分析考察土壤因子与化学成分间的相关性,用t-value双序图解读各土壤因子对各化学成分含量的影响,并通过聚类分析考察样点土壤特征对药材化学特征的影响。结果显示：土壤中的盐分、速效磷、阳离子交换量、速效氮、速效钾、有机质、有效锰、硫和有效铜对关黄柏化学成分含量有显著影响;3-O-阿魏酰奎尼酸、4-O-阿魏酰奎尼酸、5种生物碱、黄柏内酯含量随上述土壤因子含量的上升呈下降趋势;紫丁香酚苷和黄柏酮主要呈上升趋势。研究结果表明环境土壤因子的差异会导致关黄柏多种化学成分的含量发生显著性改变。