濒危中药材太白米组织培养及总黄酮含量测定

以太白米(Notholirion bulbuliferum)地下小鳞茎为外植体,通过在MS基本培养基添加不同浓度2,4-D、KT、TDZ和NAA,研究不同植物生长调节剂对太白米愈伤组织诱导的影响.结果显示,4种植物生长调节剂在不同水平上对愈伤组织诱导有显著作用(2,4-D、TDZ,P<0.01;NAA、KT,P<0.05),诱导愈伤组织的最佳激素组合是0.5 mg·L~(-1) 2,4-D+0.5 mg·L~(-1) NAA+0.2 mg·L~(-1) KT+0.1 mg·L~(-1) TDZ,愈伤组织在该培养基上继代培养有不定芽分化,如用相同浓度ZT代替KT则分化的不定芽增多.HPLC分析显示野生小鳞茎、愈伤组织和不定芽中总黄酮含量无显著差异,分别为干重的13.3%、11.4%和11.9%.     

外源激素对杜衡叶柄愈伤组织诱导与分化的影响

以杜衡(Asarum forbesii Maxim.)叶柄为外植体,采用L9(34)正交实验设计分别研究了培养基中外源激素的种类及质量浓度对杜衡叶柄愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响,并据此筛选出适宜的诱导及分化培养基.结果表明:在杜衡叶柄愈伤组织的诱导过程中,培养基中细胞分裂素的种类(1.00 mg·L-16-BA、1.00 mg·L-1KT和1.00 mg·L-1ZT)和NAA质量浓度(0.00、0.10和0.30 mg·L-1)的影响效应均不显著,而2,4-D质量浓度(0.10、0.50和1.00 mg·L-1)则有显著影响(P<0.05);在愈伤组织的分化培养过程中,NAA(0.10、0.30和0.50 mg·L-1)的影响效应大于6-BA(1.00、3.00和5.00 mg·L-1)和IBA(0.01、0.05和0.10 mg·L-1).综合比较结果显示,适宜于杜衡叶柄愈伤组织诱导的培养基为添加1.00 mg·L-16-BA、0.30 mg·L-1NAA和1.00 mg·L-12,4-D的MS培养基(含6.5 g·L-1琼脂和30 g·L-1蔗糖,pH 5.8～pH 6.0),在此培养基上愈伤组织诱导率达到83.33%,且愈伤组织生长速度快、颗粒紧密;适宜于杜衡愈伤组织分化和不定芽增殖的培养基为添加3.00 mg·L-16-BA、0.10 mg·L-1IBA和0.30 mg·L-1NAA的MS培养基(含6.5 g·L-1琼脂和30 g·L-1蔗糖,pH 5.8～pH 6.0),在此培养基上愈伤组织的分化率最高(达到53.33%),增殖系数也最高(3.13).     

两个苏丹草品系成熟种子的组织培养和植株再生研究

该研究以苏丹草品系S722和Sa的成熟种子为外植体、MS培养基为基础培养基,2,4-D和NAA各3个浓度共6个处理对这两个苏丹草品系成熟种子进行愈伤诱导,探讨不同品系在不同植物生长物质浓度及植物生长物质组合中诱导愈伤组织和继代培养以及分化的能力。结果表明：苏丹草S722和Sa成熟种子的愈伤诱导率差异不显著,平均诱导率为17.19％。诱导培养基中2,4-D浓度为0.5或1 mg?L-1时,诱导效果最佳,而添加NAA不能提高愈伤诱导率。在继代培养中,设定2,4-D和6-BA各两个浓度共4个处理组合,处理1(2,4-D 1 mg?L-1＋6-BA 0 mg?L-1)的继代培养效果最佳。为了解不同植物生长物质对愈伤分化的影响,设定6-BA、NAA 各两个不同浓度、KT 3个不同浓度共5个处理组合对继代培养的愈伤进行分化培养。在5个处理中,处理1(6-BA 2 mg?L-1＋NAA 0 mg?L-1＋KT 0 mg?L-1)对 S722成熟种子诱导的愈伤分化率最高,达33.3％。在这两个苏丹草品系中,S722更容易分化培养。综上结果表明,2,4-D浓度为1 mg?L-1时诱导愈伤和继代培养效果较好,6-BA浓度为2 mg?L-1时分化效果较好。另外,针对不同苏丹草品系进行组织培养和植株再生时,适当调整植物生长物质浓度能提高植株再生的成功率。     

甘蓝型油菜子叶和下胚轴再生植株无性系建立

以甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)豫油2号和6257的子叶和下胚轴为材料,在不同激素配比的MS培养基上诱导出了愈伤组织。将经过继代的部分愈伤转入分化培养基,分化结果表明:除基因型、外植体和分化培养基的激素配比对分化率有影响外,诱导愈伤培养基的激素配比对分化率也至关重要。豫油2号的子叶和下胚轴在最适诱导培养基(ZT 1+NAA0.5+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L)和最适分化培养基(ZT4+IAA 0.2 mg/L)组合中的愈伤分化率分别为12.5%和75%;6257的子叶和下胚轴在其最适诱导培养基(KT 2+NAA1+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L)和最适分化培养基(6-BA 4+IAA 0.02 mg/L)组合中的愈伤分化率分别为50%和37.5%。将其最适诱导培养基中的愈伤组织继代达8个月以上,建立了不同继代愈伤的再生植株无性系。     

结缕草再生体系的研究

以结缕草品种‘Zenith’(Zoysia japonica‘Zenith’)的种子为外植体,在附加1.0 mg.L-12,4-D和0.1mg.L-16-BA或2.0 mg.L-12,4-D的MS培养基上培养,愈伤组织诱导率较高,分别达到100%和92%。在添加了2.0 mg.L-12,4-D或1.0 mg.L-12,4-D和0.1 mg.L-16-BA的MS培养基上继代培养可诱导出胚性愈伤组织,诱导率分别为3.26%和14.52%。胚性愈伤组织在含0.01mg.L-12,4-D的1/2 MS分化培养基上的分化率和生根率都达到100%。     

不同浓度激素对野生细叶结缕草愈伤组织的诱导与分化的影响

以野生的细叶结缕草的匍匐茎为外植体,MS为基本培养基,研究2,4-D和BA及2,4-D和IAA不同浓度组合对其愈伤组织诱导与分化的影响。研究表明:(1)5.0mg/L的2,4-D对愈伤组织诱导有很大的促进作用;(2)匍匐茎诱导愈伤组织宜采用MS 2.0mg/L 2,4-D 4.0mg/L IAA,产生的愈伤组织分化情况也较好。     

红掌气生根根段再生快繁体系的建立

以红掌气生根根段为材料,诱导再生团块产生,进而分化出苗,形成快速繁殖系统.培养基1/2MS 6-BA1.0mg·L-1 2,4-D 0.6 mg·L-1适于气生根的保持和繁殖,1/2MS 6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D 0.2 mg·L-1适于诱导气生根再生团块的产生,MS 6-BA 1.0mg·L-1 2,4-D0.2mg·L-1可使再生团块分化成苗.不论是愈伤组织,还是再生团块,出现绿色组织是分化所必需的.添加2,4-D、6-BA和2,4-D的适当比例、MS培养基的无机盐浓度在再生团块的诱导与分化成苗中起重要作用.     

剪股颖愈伤组织诱导与植株再生

以匍匐剪股颖的成熟种子为外植体,对其愈伤组织诱导及再生体系进行了研究。结果表明:愈伤组织诱导合适的培养基为MS 6mg.L-1 2,4-D 0.2mg.L-1 TDZ 500mg.L-1 CH,诱导率达到68.1%;MS 5mg.L-1 2,4-D 0.1 mg.L-1TDZ 500mg.L-1 CH为愈伤组织继代较合适的培养基;愈伤组织分化的合适培养基为MS 0.3mg.L-1 TDZ 0.5mg.L-1 6-BA,分化率达到52.7%。随着愈伤组织继代次数的增加,胚性愈伤组织的分化能力没有明显的降低,这可为后续的遗传转化长期提供受体材料。     

锁阳愈伤组织诱导和增殖及不定根分化

以药用寄生植物锁阳的不同部位肉质茎为外植体,研究外植体形态及植物生长调节剂配比对愈伤组织形成、增殖及不定根分化的影响,建立了高效的锁阳肉质茎愈伤组织诱导、增殖和不定根分化体系。结果表明,锁阳茎下部大小为1．5cmx1．5cmxl．5cm的外植体,维管束平行于培养基放置,有利于愈伤组织形成;外植体培养50d,愈伤组织形成。高效的愈伤组织诱导培养基为Ms＋6-BA1．0mg.L-1＋2,4-D3．0mg·L-1,愈伤组织诱导率可达67％;增殖培养基为Ms＋6．BA0．5mg·L-1。＋2,4-D1．5mg·L-1,NxsN74％;在Ms＋6．BA1．0mg·L-1＋NAA2．0mg·L-1。分化培养基中,不定根诱导率达56％。     

籼型稻V20B 高效遗传转化体系研究初报

目的:建立籼型杂交稻亲本V20B成熟胚愈伤组织培养的高效遗传转化体系。方法:以V20B的成熟胚作为外植体,研究比较不同培养基、不同生长物质类型及浓度、不同培养条件对愈伤组织诱导、继代、分化的影响。结果:诱导培养基以N6为基本培养基,添加2.5 mg.L-12,4-D和0.2 mg.L-16-BA,光照条件下诱导,成熟胚愈伤组织诱导率达到93.44%;继代培养基以MS为基本培养基,添加2.0 mg.L-12,4-D,黑暗条件下培养;分化培养基以DL为基本培养基,激素配比为2.0 mg.L-1KT、2.0 mg.L-16-BA、0.2mg.L-1NAA、0.2 mg.L-1IAA;采用农杆菌介导法对该体系获得的愈伤组织侵染后能获得的抗性愈伤组织,经PCR检测潮霉素基因转化率为53.89%。结论:建立了适宜于籼型稻V20B的高效组织培养体系。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.