植物组织中糖与糖醇乙酰化及毛细管气相色谱分析

介绍了一种用1-甲基咪唑为溶剂和催化剂、盐酸羟胺和乙酸酐为肟化和乙酰化试剂,对植物样品中糖与糖醇进行乙酰化衍生化后的气相色谱分离和质谱鉴定的分析方法。并对糖与糖醇乙酰化影响较大的反应温度、反应时间、反应物组成和反应物浓度等条件进行了比较研究,确定了糖与糖醇乙酰化各步反应的最佳反应温度和反应时间,分析了各组分间相互作用及其用量对衍生化效率的影响。对多种糖与糖醇乙酰化产物进行毛细管气相色谱分离、FID检测及GC-MS结构鉴定。研究证明, 在合适条件下应用此方法对糖与糖醇进行乙酰化,反应完全,产物单一,能得到理想的分离、检测和定量分析效果。适用于微量植物组织中多种单糖、双糖及其糖醇的定量分析。     

植物组织中糖与糖醇乙酰化及毛细管气相色谱分析

介绍了一种用1-甲基咪唑为溶剂和催化剂、盐酸羟胺和乙酸酐为肟化和乙酰化试剂,对植物样品中糖与糖醇进行乙酰化衍生化后的气相色谱分离和质谱鉴定的分析方法.并对糖与糖醇乙酰化影响较大的反应温度、反应时间、反应物组成和反应物浓度等条件进行了比较研究,确定了糖与糖醇乙酰化各步反应的最佳反应温度和反应时间,分析了各组分间相互作用及其用量对衍生化效率的影响.对多种糖与糖醇乙酰化产物进行毛细管气相色谱分离、FID检测及GC-MS结构鉴定.研究证明,在合适条件下应用此方法对糖与糖醇进行乙酰化,反应完全,产物单一,能得到理想的分离、检测和定量分析效果.适用于微量植物组织中多种单糖、双糖及其糖醇的定量分析.     

槐小卷蛾性信息素活性成份的鉴定和林间试验(英文)

通过气相色谱（GC）、气相色谱──质谱（GC─MS）分析和微量化学反应,槐小卷蛾性信息素的一个活性成分被鉴定为（反,反）－8,10－十二碳双烯乙酸酯（E8,E10－12∶AC）。林间试验结果表明合成的E8,E10－12∶Ac对槐小卷蛾雄蛾有强烈引诱作用。     

佛波酯能改变细胞表面糖蛋白N－糖链的结构

利用标记Ｎ－糖链的凝集素亲和层析法研究了佛波醇肉桂酸乙酸酯（ＰＭＡ）对人肝癌细胞ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１表面糖蛋白上Ｎ－糖链结构的影响,发现１００ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＰＭＡ处理５天后,可使细胞表面Ｎ－糖链中高甘露糖型和杂合型以及四天线、Ｃ２Ｃ２,６三天线复杂型的比例增高,而二天线复杂型降低。此结果与我们曾报道的视黄酸（ＲＡ）和双丁配环磷酸腺苷（ｄｂ－ｃＡＭＰ）对该细胞表面Ｎ－糖链的影响相反。因ＲＡ和ｄｂ－ｃＡＭＰ是ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞的分化诱导剂,可抑制细胞生长;而ＰＭＡ是该细胞的增殖促进剂,故细胞表面Ｎ－糖链的变化与细胞的分化和增殖密切相关。     

食用菌菌丝体中糖醇类成分含量测定的研究

采用高效阴离子色谱-脉冲安培法(HAPEC-PAD)对食用菌菌丝体中糖醇类成分赤藓糖醇、阿糖醇和甘露醇进行分析,并对赤藓糖醇测定的方法进行考察,结果表明该方法对赤藓糖醇的分析具有灵敏度高、分离度好、检测效率高等特点。不同食用菌菌丝体均含有糖醇类成分,但含量和种类差异大,同时发现百令胶囊的测定结果与药典有较大差异,主要含有赤藓糖醇,而非甘露醇。此研究为糖醇类成分的质量标准的建立奠定了基础。     

佛波酯能改变细胞表面糖蛋白N—糖链的结构

利用标记Ｎ－糖链的凝集素亲和层析法研究了佛波醇肉桂酸乙酸酯对人肝癌细胞ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１表面糖蛋白上Ｎ－糖链结构的影响,发现１００ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＰＭＡ处理５天后,可使细胞表面Ｎ－糖链中高甘露糖型和杂合型以及四天线,Ｃ２Ｃ２,６三天线复杂型的比例增高,而二天线复杂型降低,此结果与我们曾报道的视黄酸和双丁酰环磷酸腺苷对该细胞表面Ｎ－糖链的影响相反。因ＲＡ和ｄｂ－ｃＡＭＰ是ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞的分化诱     

广藿香根与根茎挥发油成分研究

应用气相色谱－质谱联用技术对广藿香根和根茎中挥发油成分进行了分析,从根油中分离出５０个色谱峰,鉴定了４７个化合物,占总量的９５．０２％,主要含广藿香酮（８１．７１％）、ｄ－苦橙油醇（２．８８％）、十六烷酸（２．２１％）、广藿香醇（１．９８％）和３,７,１１－三甲基－２,６,１０－十二烷三烯－２－醇乙酸酯（１．０９％）、广藿香醇（１．９８％）和３,７,１１－三甲基－２,６,１０－十二烷三烯－１－醇乙     

测定放线菌菌体中氨基酸和单糖的快速方法——薄层层析法

Becker报道可根据细胞壁氨基酸组成和全细胞糖组份对放线菌进行分类与鉴定,他把细胞壁分为四型。Lechevalier又把细胞壁分为九型。根据形态与细胞壁类型对放线菌进行分类的方法现已被广泛用于放线菌的分类与鉴     

豆荚螟中国种群性信息素鉴定

利用气相色谱一质谱联用技术（GC—MS）和气相色谱与风洞技术对交配期的豆荚螟（Etiella zinckenella）处女雌蛾的腺体提取物进行定性分析并侦测其中的活性组分,最终确定豆荚螟性信息素的有效组分为顺9一十四碳烯醇乙酸酯（z9—14AC）、顺11一十四碳烯醇乙酸酯（Z11—14AC）、十四碳烯醇乙酸酯（14AC）,三种成分在腺体中的比例分别1：3：1的存在。     

异叶青兰挥发性化学成分研究

采用毛细管气相色谱－质谱联用法对异叶青兰挥发性化学成分进行了研究,经毛细管色谱分离出１８４多个峰,共确认了其中１５４种成分,所鉴定化合物的含量占全油的８３．５２％。用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对百分含量,其主要化学成分为４－甲基噻唑、６,６－二甲基－二环「３,３,１」－庚－２－烯－２－甲醇,４－（１－甲基乙基）－苯甲醇、十六酸乙酯等。     

Characterization of a metal-chelating substance in coffee

A metal-chelating substance in brewed coffee was separated and characterized by its chemical structure. This substance was a brown polymer. The contents of sugars, amino acids and phenolics in the substance were evaluated. This polymer contained small amounts of sugars and amino acids in its partial structure. After being decomposed by alkaline fusion, the decomposition products were identified by HPLC and GC-MS. Several phenolics were detected in the decomposed products. To characterize this substance, various types of model compounds were prepared by roasting chlorogenic acid, sucrose, and (or) protein with cellulose powder. Among these model compounds, the polymer-forming ability was highest in the model prepared from all four of materials, but the metal-chelating ability was the highest in the model prepared from chlorogenic acid and cellulose. These results suggest that this metal-chelating substance was a melanoidin-like polymer formed by the decomposition and polymerization of sugars, amino acids and phenolics.     

赵印泉1，2， 周斯建1， 彭培好1， 潘会堂2， 张启翔2*

以三轮玉蝶梅为材料,采用顶空-固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用技术从5个开花阶段、24 h不同时段和花器官不同部位共鉴定了33种挥发性成分,其中苯基/苯丙烷类化合物占优,还有少量脂肪酸衍生物类和萜烯类化合物。三轮玉蝶梅花朵在不同开花阶段和24 h内不同时段释放的挥发性成分的种类、含量和出现频率有较大的差异。在不同开花阶段,苯基/苯丙烷类化合物数量从低-高-低的趋势,脂肪酸衍生物从低-高的趋势,萜烯类化合物从高-低的趋势;在24 h内不同时段,三类化合物释放的节律不同,苯基/苯丙烷类化合物、脂肪酸衍生物和萜烯类化合物分别在2:00、14:00和6:00达到最高,这表明梅花挥发物的释放具有多种调节模式。花器官不同部位挥发性成分的释放具有器官的特异性。     

野生型和ospk1突变体水稻幼苗根对外源糖分的吸收和响应

植物根系如何响应环境因子变化是植物发育和营养吸收研究的重要科学问题。丙酮酸激酶OsPK1在根部的表达主要在根尖成熟区和根毛区,其表达水平变化有可能影响水稻对外源糖分的吸收。采用日本晴和水稻突变体ospk1,通过改变1/2 MS培养基中蔗糖含量,探索水稻幼苗对外源糖分的吸收和响应。通过GC-MS的方法检测了水稻幼苗叶片、叶鞘和根中蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和半乳糖的含量。发现根与培养基中糖分接触能明显提高幼苗中的糖含量。并且这些幼苗的根系长度大于那些不加蔗糖的培养基培养的幼苗,表明外源糖分被吸收后能促进根的伸长。OsPK1表达下调影响了糖代谢和外源糖分的吸收。半定量RT-PCR结果显示,幼苗根与糖分的直接接触明显上调根中OsPIP2;4,OsPIP2;5和OsTIP2;1三个水孔蛋白基因的表达。     

Structural analysis of a novel saccharide isolated from fermented beverage of plant extract

Fermented beverage of plant extract was prepared from about 50 kinds of vegetables and fruits. Natural fermentation was carried out mainly by lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc spp.) and yeast (Zygosaccharomyces spp. and Pichia spp.). Three kinds of saccharides have been found in this beverage and produced by fermentation. The saccharides isolated from the beverage using carbon-Celite column chromatography and preparative HPLC, were identified as a new saccharide, beta-d-fructopyranosyl-(2-->6)-d-glucopyranose, laminaribiose and maltose by examination of constituted sugars, GLC and GC-MS analyses of methyl derivatives and MALDI-TOF-MS and NMR measurements of the saccharides.     

Kinetics of labelling of organic and amino acids in potato tubers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following incubation in (13)C labelled isotopes

Metabolic pathways of primary metabolism of discs isolated from potato tubers were evaluated by the use of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method generated specifically for this purpose. After testing several possible methods including chemical ionization, it was decided for reasons of sensitivity, reproducibility and speed to use electron impact ionization-based GC-MS analysis. The specific labelling and label accumulation of over 30 metabolites including a broad number of sugars, organic and amino acids was analysed following the incubation of tuber discs in [U-(13)C]glucose. The reproducibility of this method was similar to that found for other GC-MS-based analyses and comparison of flux estimates from this method with those obtained from parallel, yet less comprehensive, radiolabel experiments revealed close agreement. Therefore, the novel method allows quantitatively evaluation of a broad range of metabolic pathways without the need for laborious (and potentially inaccurate), chemical fractionation procedures commonly used in the estimation of fluxes following incubation in radiolabelled substrates. As a first experiment the GC-MS method has been applied to compare the metabolism of wild type and well-characterized transgenic potato tubers exhibiting an enhanced sucrose mobilization. The fact that this method is able to rapidly yield further comprehensive information into primary metabolism illustrates its power as a further phenotyping tool for the analysis of plant metabolism.     

高山被孢霉淬灭方法及胞内代谢产物的气相色谱-质谱分析比较

在花生四烯酸生产菌高山被孢霉代谢组学研究中,需利用胞内代谢物的提取手段并基于气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析方法对其进行检测。比较了3种胞内代谢物提取方法及不同色谱柱条件下GC-MS分析结果。研究表明：采用冷甲醇淬灭分别较液氮直接淬灭及真空过滤后,减少了胞内代谢物的泄露并更好地实现了胞外及胞内代谢物的分离。在对代谢物分析的比较中,极性色谱柱（DB-FFAP）检出的代谢物仅为11种,主要为有机酸、醛类;而代谢物经衍生化后采用非极性色谱柱（DB-5）共检出32种化合物,主要为糖、糖苷及醇类。     

GC-MS of perdeuteriomethylated flavonoid aglycones

GC-MS of perdeuteriomethylated flavonoid aglycones, singly and in mixtures, yields information about both the aglycone types and their substitution patterns. Fragmentation patterns of flavonoid aglycones are discussed. Acid hydrolysis of perdeuteriomethylated flavonoid glycosides, singly and in mixtures, followed by ethylation with diazoethane provides derivatives suitable for GC-MS; the introduced ethyl groups permit identification of the position of attachment of sugars in flavonoid O-glycosides.     

Biotechnological production and applications of N-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid: current state and perspectives

N-Acetyl-d-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and its derivates are a very important group of biomolecules because these sugars occupy the terminal positions in numerous macromolecules, such as the glycans of glycoproteins, and are involved in many biological and pathological phenomena. The synthesis and applications of Neu5Ac are attracting much interest due to the potential applications of this compound in the pharmaceutical industry, such as in the synthesis of the anti-flu drug zanamivir. In this review article, we discuss existing knowledge on the biotechnological production and applications of Neu5Ac and also propose some guidelines for future studies.