PAF对肺内小动脉平滑肌细胞TXA_2，PGI_2乃Ca~（2＋）－ATPase的影响

本工作采用分离培养家兔肺内小动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣｓ），观察了外源性血小板活化因子（ｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＰＡＦ）、ＢＮ５２０２１（ＰＡＦ受体拮抗剂）、吲哚美辛、维拉帕米对ＰＡＳＭＣｓ产生血栓素Ａ_２（ＴｘＡ_２）、前列环素（ＰＧＩ_２）及对细胞膜Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的影响。结果表明：（１）基础状态下ＰＡＳＭＣｓ存在花生四烯酸（ＡＡ）代谢。（２）外源性ＰＡＦ通过受体后途径激活环加氧酶促进ＡＡ代谢致ＴＸＡ_２及ＰＧＩ－２增加，ＴＸＡ_２／ＰＧＩ_２比值无明显变化。（３）外源性ＰＡＦ能直接抑制Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力。（４）维拉帕米可逆转ＰＡＦ抑制ＰＡＳＭＣｓ膜Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的效应。     

缺氧对肺动脉内皮细胞环氧合酶,血栓素合成酶基因表达的影响

应用分子杂交技术和放射免疫检测方法研究了缺氧对猪肺动脉内皮细胞的环氧合酶（ＣＯＸ）和血栓素合成酶（ＴＸＳ）基因表达及其条件培养基中６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α和ＴＸＢ２含量的动态变化。发现：６,１２,２４和４８ｈ缺氧组分别与常氧组比,ＣＯＸ１和ＣＯＸ２基因表达增加,并且ＣＯＸ２ｍＲＮＡ在缺氧６和１２ｈ就明显表达增加。在前述的不同缺氧时间组内皮细胞条件培养基中６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α含量也均显著高于相应常氧对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;但ＴＸＳ的ｍＲＮＡ水平及ＴＸＢ２含量在缺氧４８ｈ才有明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果表明：（１）缺氧可诱导肺动脉内皮ＣＯＸ基因表达和ＰＧＩ２生成增加,在早期以ＣＯＸ２基因表达增加更为明显,提示可能在肺血管缺氧反应中起调节作用。（２）４８ｈ的缺氧可使内皮细胞ＴＸＳ基因表达及ＴＸＡ２生成增加,它可能在慢性缺氧肺血管反应中起介导作用。     

SAPGTP和PG为接头的5'IL6-TNFα衍生物融合蛋白

通过计算机模拟比较十种理论上柔性较好的接头在 ５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ融合蛋白中对 Ｉ Ｌ ６ 和 Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ空间结构的影响情况,从中选择了 Ｓ Ａ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｐ接头．以 Ｓ Ａ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｐ 作为接头的 ５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｓ Ａ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｐ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ和以 Ｐ Ｇ 为接头的５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ空间结构预测结果相似． Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 序列分析两种蛋白的接头序列均与设计的一致．５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｓ Ａ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｐ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ和 ５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ蛋白的大肠杆菌表达产物经初步分离、纯化及鉴定后,生物学活性及对高表达 Ｉ Ｌ ６ 受体肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用比较结果显示：在 Ｌ９２９细胞上,前者的生物学活性是后者的 ２７ 倍;在 Ｕ９３７ 细胞上,前者对肿瘤细胞的抑制率是后者的１３ 倍．它们对高表达 Ｉ Ｌ ６ 受体的 Ｕ９３７ 细胞杀伤作用分别是同样突变位点的人 Ｔ Ｎ Ｆα衍生物的３７ 和 ２９ 倍．实验表明, Ｓ Ａ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｐ作为接头构建的 ５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｓ Ａ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｐ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ融合蛋白优于以 Ｐ Ｇ 作为接头构建的 ５′ Ｉ Ｌ６ Ｐ Ｇ Ｔ Ｎ ＦΔ融合蛋白．     

牛磺酸调节缺氧性肺、脑血管反应的机理研究

本实验从磷脂酶Ａ＿２（ＰＬＡ＿２）、前列腺素（ＰＧｓ）、白三烯（ＬＴｓ）和过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）方面探讨了牛磺酸调节肺、脑血管对急、慢性缺氧反应的机制。急性缺氧时狗出肺与出脑血中ＬＰＯ增加,ＰＬＡ,活性有升高趋势,但出脑与出肺（入脑）血相比无显著性差异。出肺与出脑血中ＬＴＣ＿４、ＴＸＢ＿２、６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１ａ）及ＴＸＢ＿２／６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１ａ）比值均升高。慢性缺氧大鼠肺、脑组织中ＰＬＡ＿２活性均升高。牛磺酸增加缺氧时６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１ａ）,减弱其它变化。提示牛磺酸对缺氧性肺缩血管反应的调节作用可能与降低缺氧时ＰＬＡ＿２活性,抑制脂质过氧化和ＬＴＣ＿４、ＴＸＡ＿２生成,降低ＴＸＡ＿２／ＰＧＩ＿２比值有关;而牛磺酸减弱缺氧性脑舒血管反应不是直接通过上述变化起作用的。     

大熊猫基因指纹探针F2ZGP96060801的研制及比较实验分析

利用ＡＢＩ－３９４型ＤＮＡ合成仪合成的寡核苷酸５－「Ａ（Ｘ）ｎ－ｘＴＣＣＡＣ」ｎ－３,经高效液相色谱仪纯化后,制备成了命名为为Ｆ２ＺＧＰ９６０６０８０１的大熊猫基因指纹探针,用同位素标记法标记Ｆ２ＺＧＰ９６０６０８０１,ＬＺＦ－Ｉ、朋５、３３．６和（ＣＡＣ）６／ＧＴＧ）５等５种基因指纹探针,比较检测了大熊猫随机个体的被毛、大熊猫３雄配Ｉ雌所产１个双胞胎计６只个体的福尔马林固定的肝组织和粪便中的胃肠     

广西树萝卜属一新种

广西树萝卜属一新种方鼎（广西中医药研究所南宁５３００２２）ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＴＨＥＧＥＮＵＳＡＧＡＰＥＴＥＳ（ＶＡＣＣＩＮＩＡＣＥＡＥ）ＦＲＯＭＧＵＡＮＧＸＩ,ＣＨＩＮＡＦＡＮＧＤｉｎｇ（ＧｕａｎｇｘｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｒａｄｉｔｉｏ...     

磷脂酶A2对中性粒细胞趋化和粘附的影响

胰源性１４×１０￣３ｕ磷脂酶Ａ＿２（ＰＬＡ＿２）在体外同大鼠中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）培养６０ｍｉｎ后,细胞对ＴＮＦ趋化增强,培养１０ｍｉｎ后上清液中血栓素（ＴＸＢ＿２）含量比正常增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。前列环素（ＰＧＩ＿２）含量不变。ＰＬＡ＿２激动剂Ａ２３１８７也能显著加强中性粒细胞对ＴＮＦ的趋化,并伴有ＴＸＢ＿２释放增多（Ｐ＜０．０１）。此外,ＰＬＡ＿２和Ａ２３１８７还显著增强ＰＭＮ对玻璃珠的粘附活性。使用ＰＬＡ＿２抑制剂二溴苯乙酮（ＰＢＰＢ）和ＰＬＡ＿２多克隆抗体可抑制外源性ＰＬＡ＿２对ＰＭＮ趋化和粘附的增强作用,但对Ａ２３１８７的调节作用无效。以上结果表明ＰＬＡ＿２激活及其代谢产物可能介导ＰＭＮ趋化和粘附作用。     

淡水红藻一新种——异孢奥杜藻

淡水红藻一新种———异孢奥杜藻谢树莲凌元洁（山西大学生命科学系太原０３０００６）ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＦＲＥＳＨＷＡＴＥＲＲＥＤＡＬＧＡＥ———ＡＵＤＯＵＩＮＥＬＬＡＨＥＴＥＲＯＳＰＯＲＡＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡＸＩＥＳｈｕＬｉａｎＬＩＮＧＹｕａｎ...     

STUDIES ON THE PATTERN OF MEGASPOROGENESIS AND MICROTUBULAR CYTOSKELETON CHANGES IN CYMBIDIUM SINENSE

ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＰＡＴＴＥＲＮＯＦＭＥＧＡＳＰＯＲＯＧＥＮＥＳＩＳＡＮＤＭＩＣＲＯＴＵＢＵＬＡＲＣＹＴＯＳＫＥＬＥＴＯＮＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＩＮＣＹＭＢＩＤＩＵＭＳＩＮＥＮＳＥ￥Ｓ．Ｙ．ＺｅｅＸ．Ｌ．Ｙｅ（１ＢｏｔａｎｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔ,Ｕｎｉ...     

多叶猴耳环──猴耳环属一新种

多叶猴耳环──猴耳环属一新种文和群（广西植物研究所分类研究室,桂林５４１００６）ＰＩＴＨＥＣＥＬＬＯＢＩＵＭＭＵＬＴＩＦＯＬＩＯＬＡＴＵＭ－ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＰＩＴＨＥＣＥＬＬＯＢＩＵＭＦＲＯＭＧＵＡＮＧＸＩ,ＣＨＩＮＡＷｅｎＨｅｑｕｎ（Ｇｕ...     

Myocardial prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 synthetase activities during ischemia and reperfusion in isolated rabbit heart

The aim of the study was to determine the prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase activities of myocardial tissue and their variation during ischemia and reperfusion. Regional ischemia was induced by 10 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in isolated Langendorff rabbit hearts. Biosynthesis of PGI2 and TXA2 were carried out by using arachidonic acid as substrate and left ventricle microsomes (LVM) from ischemic and non-ischemic areas as sources of PGI2 and TXA2 synthetase. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2, stable metabolites of PGI2 and TXA2 respectively, were determined by radioimmunoassay. Experiments carried out under the adopted conditions showed that LVM were able to synthetise PGI2 as well as TXA2 from arachidonic acid. On the other hand, ischemia depressed both PGI2 and TXA2 synthetase activities of cardiac tissue: the depression was more pronounced on TXA2 synthetase than on PGI2 synthetase with no significant difference between ischemic and non-ischemic regions. Moreover, ischemia increased the ratio 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/TXB2 indicating therefore that it can facilitate the formation of PGI2. The post ischemic reperfusion of the heart counteracted the decrease in PGI2 synthetase induced by ischemia which returned to the normal level: reperfusion also slightly reversed the decrease in TXA2 the decrease in TXA2 synthetase. However, the diminution in TXA2 synthetase of non-ischemic myocardium was attenuated but it remained lower than the normal level. These results suggested that the whole left ventricle is affected by regional ischemia. Furthermore it appears that myocardial TXA2 synthetase is more vulnerable than PGI2 synthetase to a lack of oxygen and nutrients.     

TXA2/PGI2与心血管疾病

血栓素(Thromboxane,TXA2)和前列环素(Prostacyclin,PGI2)均为花生四烯酸的代谢物,是前列腺素(Prostaglandins,PGs)中生物活性最强的一对。在正常情况下,二者在体内保持一定的平衡,相互拮抗、相互协调,共同维持血液循环畅通,与心血管疾病关系密切。本文即就其生物特性及与心血管病的关系等进行综述,对人们全面认识TXA2/PGI2具有一定的参考价值。     

A possible role of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) in circulation.

Recently two local hormones, thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) have been discovered. These hormones are labile metabolites of arachidonic acid. TXA2 is generated by blood platelets, while PGI2 is produced by vascular endothelium. TXA2 is a potent vasoconstrictor. It also initiates the release reaction, followed by platelet aggregation. PGI2 is a vasodilator, especially potent in coronary circulation. It also inhibits platelet aggregation by virtue of stimulation of platelet adenyl cyclase. Common precursors for both hormones are cyclic endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2, being formed by cyclooxygenation of arachidonic acid. This last enzymic reaction is more efficient in platelets than in vascular endothelium, and therefore the generation of PGI2 by vasuclar wall is accelerated by an interaction between platelets and endothelial cells. During this interaction platelets supply the endothelial PGI2 synthetase with their cyclic endoperoxides. The newly formed PGI2 repels the platelets from the intima. When PGI2 synthetase is irreversibly inactivated by low concentration of lipid peroxides, then the platelets are not rejected but stick to the endothelium, generate TXA2 and mature thrombi are formed. A balance between formation and release of PGI2, TXA2 and/or cyclic endoperoxides in circulation is of utmost importance for the control of intra-arterial thrombi formation and possibly plays a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.     

Comparative effects of some 3-amino 4,6-diarylpyridazines on the biosynthesis in vitro of TXA2 and PGI2- and on the TXA2- and PGI2-synthesizing activities of cardiac tissue

Some 3-amino 4,6-diarylpyridazine derivatives were tested for their effects on TXA2 and PGI2 biosyntheses in vitro and on the TXA2- and PGI2-synthesizing activities of cardiac tissue. Horse platelet and aorta microsomes were used as sources of thromboxane and prostacyclin synthetases respectively. The TXA2- and PGI2-synthesizing activities of cardiac tissue were studied on isolated perfused rabbit hearts (the heart microsomes being used both as TXA2 synthetase and PGI2 synthetase sources). TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha were determined by RIA. Among the compounds under study, 3-morpholino 4,6-diphenylpyridazine (III) was shown to inhibit specifically the TXA2 synthetase. Substitution of the morpholino group by a dimethylamino one (I) reinforced the inhibiting effects on TXA2 synthetase but it also revealed a slight anti-prostacyclin synthetase action of the molecule. Replacement of 3-morpholino moieties by either a 3-hydrazino (IV), or a 2-dimethylaminoethylamino (V), or a 2-morpholinoethylamino group (VI) abolished completely the effects of the molecule on TXA2 and PGI2 synthetases. Likewise the addition of chlorine on the para-position on the phenyl ring of I neutralized all its inhibitory effects both on TXA2 and PGI2 synthetases in vitro. None of the 3-amino 4,6-diarylpyridazine derivatives was active on either the TXA2- or PGI2-synthesizing activities of cardiac tissue.     

Effects of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone on the biosynthesis of TXA2 and PGI2 in human placental villus and umbilical artery segments in vitro

In this paper, the effects of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, DHAP (Qingxintong), an active constituent of traditional Chinese medicine, on the biosynthesis of TXA2 and PGI2 in human placental villi and umbilical artery segments of normal term pregnancy in vitro were studied by a perifusion technique. The collected fractions were assayed by radioimmunoassay for TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. The results showed that DHAP inhibited TXA2 and PGI2 production by umbilical artery segments in a dose dependent fashion and in both tissues TXA2 was more sensitive to inhibition than was 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. According to these data it is suggested that DHAP might be useful in treatment of pathologic pregnancies with chronic defective utero-placental circulation such as PIH and IUGR to improve this circulation.     

The response of muscle interstitial prostaglandin E(2)(PGE(2)), prostacyclin I(2)(PGI(2)) and thromboxane A(2)(TXA(2)) levels during incremental dynamic exercise in humans determined by in vivo microdialysis.

The microdialysis in vivo technique allows the isolation, purification and quantitative determination of bioactive molecules with low molecular weight (<20.000 Da) from interstitial fluid (IF) of the muscles. PGE(2)and PGI(2)are vasodilator local hormones, while the TXA(2)is a vasoconstrictor. PGI(2)and TXA(2)are unstable and convert to stable products 6-keto-PGF(1a)and TXB(2), respectively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of PGE(2), PGI(2)and TXA(2)in the IF of human muscle (vastus lateralis) during dynamic exercise with a cycle ergometer. In this study two microdialysis probes were inserted with CMA-60 microdialysis catheters into the vastus lateralis muscle of the right leg of eight healthy volunteers aged 24.1+/-2.1 years, height 177.5+/-1.5 cm and body weight 78.1+/-2.4 kg. After insertion the microdialysis probes perfused at a rate of 3.0 microl/min with Ringer acetate solution. The dialysate fluid was collected a) during the 30' rest period, b) during the 30' exercise period at 100 watts, c) during the 30' exercise period at 150 watts and d) during the 30' rest period after exercise. Our measurements (by the RIA method) showed that the levels of PGE(2)and 6-keto-PGF(1a)in the I.F. of the vastus lateralis muscle increased significantly, while there was a significant decrease in TXB(2)during exercise. The changes in the above biomolecules were increased proportionately with the strain of the subject's muscle. Conclusion: Dynamic exercise of the muscles produces a local increase of the vasodilators PGE(2)and PGI(2)while the vasoconstrictor TXA(2)is reduced in the IF of the muscles. This is further evidence that exercise induces propitious biochemical changes. Furthermore, the muscle production of arachidonic acid metabolites during exercise depends on the intensity of the exercise.     

Effect of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthase inhibitor and TXA2 receptor antagonist alone and in combination on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) causes bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Two types of TXA2 modifiers, one synthase inhibitor and one receptor antagonist, are widely used for the treatment of asthma in Japan. Although the target of TXA2 modifiers is to inhibit bioactivity of TXA2, the pharmacological properties are somewhat different between these drugs. We studied the inhibitory effects of the TXA2 synthase inhibitor CS-518 and the TXA2 receptor antagonist S-1452 alone and in combination on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in passively sensitized guinea pigs treated with diphenhydramine. Both CS-518 and S-1452 inhibited the antigen-induced bronchoconstriction dose-dependently with the plateau. The combination of these drugs at the maximal inhibitory doses did not have any more effect compared with each single dosing. The combination at the submaximal doses tended to show an additive effect, but the effect was not significant. These findings suggest that other prostanoids such as PGE2, PGI2, PGD2 and PGF2alpha may not take an important role in the antiasthmatic effects of TXA2 modifiers.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide exposure on prostacyclin synthesis in lung and thromboxane A2 synthesis in platelets in rats

Effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure on prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis in the rat lung and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis in the platelets were studied. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 10 ppm NO2 for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days. PGI2 synthesizing activity of homogenized lung decreased. The damage of PGI2 synthesizing activity reaches its maximum at 3 days. At 14 days, PGI2 synthesizing activity returned to the normal level. The activity of PGI2 synthetase decreased significantly. The formation of lipid peroxides due to NO2 exposure may cause the depression of PGI2 synthesizing activity of lung. On the other hand, platelet TXA2 synthesizing activity increased. This increased TXA2 synthesizing activity lasted at least till 3 days. Then, it returned to the normal level. The counts of platelet were decreased significantly by 1, 3, 5 and 7 days NO2 exposure. Then the decreased counts of platelet returned to the normal level at 14 days NO2 exposure. These results indicate that the depression of PGI2 synthesizing activity of lung by NO2 exposure cause an increase in TXA2 synthesizing activity of platelets. It may contribute to induce platelet aggregation and to the observed decrease in the number of platelets during NO2 exposure.     

Relationship between thromboxane/prostacyclin ratio and diabetic vascular complications.

To elucidate the relationship between the thromboxane A2/prostacyclin (TXA2/PGI2) ratio and diabetic complications, the levels of 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 and 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha, the urinary metabolites of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin, were measured in diabetics by gas chromatography/selected ion monitoring. We compared the TXA2/PGI2 ratio in healthy volunteers and diabetics. The TXA2/PGI2 ratio of diabetics was significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers and we could reconfirm the hypercoagulable condition in diabetics. We also investigated the difference of TXA2/PGI2 levels in diabetics with retinopathy and neuropathy. The TXA2/PGI2 ratio of diabetics with retinopathy showed significantly higher level than without retinopathy. However, the TXA2/PGI2 ratio of diabetics with neuropathy was the same as without neuropathy. These results suggest that the TXA2/PGI2 ratio reflects the pathological conditions of diabetes, especially the change of vasculature. The monitoring and improvement of TXA2/PGI2 ratio could be useful for the prevention of diabetic vascular complications.     

Effect of thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) synthase inhibitor and TXA(2) receptor antagonist alone and in combination on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs

Thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) causes bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Two types of TXA(2) modifiers, one synthase inhibitor and one receptor antagonist, are widely used for the treatment of asthma in Japan. Although the target of TXA(2) modifiers is to inhibit bioactivity of TXA(2), the pharmacological properties are somewhat different between these drugs. We studied the inhibitory effects of the TXA(2) synthase inhibitor CS-518 and the TXA(2) receptor antagonist S-1452 alone and in combination on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in passively sensitized guinea pigs treated with diphenhydramine.Both CS-518 and S-1452 inhibited the antigen-induced bronchoconstriction dose-dependently with the plateau. The combination of these drugs at the maximal inhibitory doses did not have any more effect compared with each single dosing. The combination at the submaximal doses tended to show an additive effect, but the effect was not significant.These findings suggest that other prostanoids such as PGE(2), PGI(2), PGD(2) and PGF(2alpha) may not take an important role in the antiasthmatic effects of TXA(2) modifiers.