五个国产双子叶植物名称的后选模式指定

查阅保存于中国科学院植物研究所标本馆（PE）的壳斗科(Fagaceae)、罂粟科(Papaveraceae)、山柑科(Capparidaceae)和十字花科(Cruciferae)植物的模式标本时,发现有5个植物名称的模式均多于1份标本,或同时引证1号以上的标本而没指定模式,根据《国际植物命名法规》(维也纳法规)规则8.1、9.9、9.10和37.2,以及辅则9A.2和9A.3的精神,对这些名称做出后选模式指定。     

中国山茶科33个植物名称的后选模式指定

在保存于中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(PE)的山茶科植物模式标本中,根据《国际植物命名法规》(维也纳法规)规则9.4和37注释1,发现有33个中国山茶科植物名称的模式为合模式.遵照规则8.1、9.9和9.10,以及辅则9A.2和9A.3,对这33个名称做出后选模式指定.     

国产玄参科14个植物名称后选模式指定

在保存于中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(PE)的玄参科植物模式标本中,根据《国际植物命名法规》(维也纳法规)规则9.4和37注释1,发现有14个中国植物名称的模式为合模式。遵照规则8.1、9.9和9.10,以及辅则9A.2和9A.3,对这14个名称做出后选模式指定。     

中国被子植物18个名称后选模式指定

在保存于中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(PE)的模式标本中,根据《国际植物命名法规》(维也纳法规)规则9.4,发现有18个国产被子植物名称的模式为合模式。遵照规则8.1、9.9和9.10,以及辅则9A.2和9A.3的精神,对这18个名称做出后选模式指定。     

中国产19个被子植物名称的后选模式指定

在保存于中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(PE)的模式标本中,根据<国际植物命名法规>(维也纳法规)规则8.2、9.4和37注释1及例2,发现有19个国产被子植物名称的模式为混杂标本或为合模式.遵照规则8.1、9.9,9.10和9.12,以及辅则9A.2和9A.3的精神,对这19个名称做出后选模式指定.     

硬毛猕猴桃（猕猴桃科）名称后选模式的指定

根据对保存于中国科学院植物研究所植物标本馆（PE）合模式标本的研究,对硬毛猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. hispida C. F. Liang)的名称作后选模式指定。     

31个楼梯草属(荨麻科)植物名称后选模式的指定

查阅保存于英国爱丁堡植物园标本馆(E)、华南植物园标本馆(IBSC)、邱园植物标本馆(K)、法国巴黎自然历史博物馆植物标本馆(P)和奥地利维也纳大学植物标本馆(WU)的荨麻科(Urticaceae)标本,发现在楼梯草属(Elatostema J.R.Forster & G.Forster)中有23种8变种的名称在原始描述中没有引证明确的标本,或引证有2份或2份以上的标本,但没指定模式.根据<国际植物命名法规>9.4、9.9和9.10,以及辅则9A.1、9A.2、9A.3和9A.4的精神,对这些名称做出后选模式指定.     

蔷薇科五个植物学名后选模式的指定

由于蔷薇科中有5个植物名称的模式为复份标本,没指定主模式。根据《国际植物命名法规》规则8.1、8.3、9.9、9.14和37.2,辅则9A.2和9A.3,以及前言第8段的精神,对这些名称作出后选模式指定。     

卵叶茜草(茜草科)名称的后选模式指定

根据对保存于西北植物研究所植物标本馆(WUK)的合模式标本进行研究,对卵叶茜草(Rubia ovatifoliaZ.Y.Zhang)的名称作出后选模式指定。     

13个赤车属(荨麻科)植物名称后选模式的指定

查阅保存于BM、E、K和P的荨麻科(Urticaceae)植物标本,发现在赤车属(Pellionia Gaudich.)中有11种1变种1变型的名称在原始描述中没有引证明确的标本,或引证有2份或2份以上的标本,但没指定模式。根据《国际植物命名法规》9.4、9.9和9.10,以及辅则9A.1、9A.2、9A.3和9A.4的精神,对这些名称做出后选模式指定。     

Valid publication of the name Atalantia acuminata (Rutaceae), endemic to southwestern China and northern Vietnam

Atalantia acuminata C. C. Huang, originally described in 1991, was an invalidly published name, because two collections were designated as the type and the herbarium in which the type was conserved was not specified. The name is validated here, with the flowering specimen kept in IBSC designated as the holotype.     

Purification and properties of a polymorphic high activity equine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase.

A polymorphic form of the high activity or C-type of horse erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase has been isolated. It has been designated C2 and differs from the usual C1 form by having a cysteine replacement for arginine at residue 180. This second cysteine, unlike the other, is highly reactive. Isolation of the C2 isozyme by the usual methods results in most of it forming a mixed disulfide with glutathione and this product designated as C3 has an increased anodic mobility. The enzymatic activity and immunologic reactivity of both the C2 and C3 components are the same as for the usual C1 form of the enzyme. The C2 form can be stabilized by alkylation and the carboxamidomethyl derivative has been isolated in crystalline form.     

Validation of Scrophularia macrocarpa (Scrophulariaceae) endemic to southwestern China

Scrophularia macrocarpa P. C. Tsoong, originally described from Sichuan, China, was not validly published in 1979 because two type specimens (one fruiting, one in flower) were designated. To enable formal use of the name, the species name is validated here, with the fruiting specimen designated as the holotype.     

表皮生长因子对细胞核转录活性的直接作用

表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）对纯化的鼠胚成纤维细胞（Ｃ_３Ｈ_１０Ｔ_１／２Ｃ１８）胞核~３Ｈ－ＵＴＰ掺入有明显的促进作用。这一作用在ＥＧＦ与细胞核共同培养９０ｍｉｎ时达到高峰。该作用是ＥＧＦ浓度依赖性的。ＥＧＦ对β射线转化的上述细胞的纯化细胞核,亦同样有促进转录作用。本实验所用的细胞核经光镜,电子显微镜观察,细胞膜、细胞浆标志酶检测及放射性同位素示踪法鉴定,未检出有核外成份的污染。本实验结果为膜受体信号传递途径以外的ＥＧＦ对核直接作用途径的存在提供了证据。     

Application of the names Crataegus calycina Peterm. and C. oxyacantha L.

Authentic herbarium material of Crataegus calycina Petermann (1849) supports Hrabetová-Uhrová's contention in 1969 that this is conspecific with C. macrocarpa Hegetschweiler; the name C. calycina , for which a Petermann specimen in Musée Botanique Cantonal, Lausanne is designated as lectotype, had been incorrectly applied in Flora Europaea.
Examination of the specimens in the Linnaean Herbarium has led to acceptance of Dandy's proposal in 1946 that sheet 643.12 should be designated as the lectotype of C. oxyacantha L. (1753). This specimen is not, as frequently assumed, C. laevigata (Poiret) DC. (C oxyacanthoides Thuill.) but the species described in Flora Europaea as "C. calycina Peterm. subsp. curvisepala (Lindman) Franco". It is suggested that the name C. oxyacantha L. is a source of confusion and should be rejected under Article 69 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. This gives priority to the name C. curvisepala Lindman, which should replace C. calycina Peterm. in Flora Europaea.     

Increased inhibitory capacity of an anti-C5a complementary peptide following acetylation of N-terminal alanine

Amino acids 37 to 53 (RAARISLGPRCIKAFTE) of C5a anaphylatoxin form an essential region for C5a function. To target this sequence, we generated a complementary peptide (ASGAPAPGPAGPLRPMF) designated PepA which has a potent inhibitory effect on C5a activity. By introducing an acetyl group at the N-terminal alanine of PepA, an acetylated form was generated which was designated AcPepA. The acetylation resulted in increased inhibition of C5a stimulation of neutrophils as determined by Ca influx. Furthermore, AcPepA partially inhibited the lethal shock induced in mice by intravenous administration of Candida albicans water-soluble mannoprotein-beta-glucan complex. In addition, local skin inflammation in rats caused by an anti-Crry monoclonal antibody was suppressed when AcPepA and the antibody were injected together, while PepA had little inhibitory capacity. The potent inhibitory capacity of AcPepA was also confirmed by a skin reaction of guinea pigs inoculated with recombinant human C5a together with AcPepA.     

A new BF variant (F025)

A rare variant of Factor B exhibiting a mobility intermediate between BF F and BF S was described. After comparison with the mobilities of BF F and F075, this variant was designated BF F025. The allele was transmitted together with C2*C, C4A*3, and C4B*1.     

Identification of a starch degrading anaerobic thermophile producing thermostable α-amylase and pullulanase

Summary A thermophilic bacterium which was recently isolated and designated Clostridium sp. EM1 has been now identified and characterized. On the basis of its physiological characeristics and DNA-DNA homology data, the strain was designated as Clostridium thermosulfurogenes (DSM 3896). The guanine-plus-cytosine (G+C) content (mol%) of the DNA was determined to be 37%.     

Lipopolysaccharide-sensitive serine-protease zymogen (factor C) found in Limulus hemocytes. Isolation and characterization

Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) induces coagulation of horseshoe crab hemolymph. Our previous studies had demonstrated that a hemolymph factor, designated factor B, was associated with the LPS-mediated activation of the Limulus clotting system [Ohki et al. (1980) FEBS Lett. 120, 318-321]. On further purification of factor B we found that an additional component, designated factor C, was required to generate factor B activity in the presence of LPS in order to activate the proclotting enzyme. To elucidate the role of factor C in the LPS-mediated reaction, factor C was isolated and characterized from the hemocyte lysate under sterile conditions. The preparation exhibited a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol, while two protein bands on SDS-PAGE were observed after reduction. Thus, factor C had a Mr of 123 000 consisting of a heavy chain of Mr = 80 000 and a light chain of Mr = 43 000. Factor C was converted to an activated form in the presence of LPS with a Mr = 123 000, designated factor C. Upon activation, cleavage of the light chain occurred resulting in the accumulation of two new fragments of Mr = 34000 and 8500 on reduced SDS-PAGE. A diisopropylfluorophosphate-sensitive active site was localized in the light chain (Mr = 34000) of factor C. The reconstitution experiments, using factor C, factor B, proclotting enzyme and LPS, demonstrated that all of these proteins are essential for the endotoxin-mediated coagulation system. On the basis of these results we propose that a cascade pathway of LPS-induced activation of the Limulus clotting system consists of three sequential activations of hemolymph serine protease zymogens.