香料生产的研究进展与展望

从动植物中提取天然香料受原料来源的限制,从而使天然香料物质的开发和应用受到限制;化学合成的香料又非天然,因此利用生物技术生产天然香料越来越为人们所重视。就生物法生产天然香料的方法、优点及应用前景作一介绍。     

天然香料开发利用前景

我国拥有丰富的天然香料资源,植物香料产量是世界上最高的国家之一,天然香料产品约两万余吨。据初步统计含芳香油的植物有62科500余品种,现已利用的近200种,急待开发利用的约100种。人工栽培的香料植物逐年增加,目前,香料基地有20多个,面积约70万亩。已形成产品的40余种。其中,有的桂油、茴油、山苍子油等在国际市场上享有盛名,大量出口     

萃取芬芳——香料的提取与分离

<正>香料香精是能够使食品、用品散发出香气香味的原料,分为合成香料和天然香料两大类。由于天然香料和合成香料的香气比较单调,多数不能单独直接用于加香产品中。为了满足人们对香气和香味的更     

菠萝蜜烟用香料香气成分分析及其在卷烟中应用的研究

本文采用GC/MS法对菠萝蜜烟用香料香气成分进行了全面的分析,共鉴定出45种成分,检出率占总成分的98.29%,主要是酯类化合物占42.22%,醇类化合物占24.49%,酸类化合物占21.83%等。通过菠萝蜜烟用香料在卷烟中增香保润效果的应用评价,研究菠萝蜜烟用香料中香气成分在卷烟中的应用效果。结果表明,菠萝蜜烟用香料对卷烟增香和保润具有较好的作用效果,具有重要的应用价值。     

新型天然肽类原料在化妆品中的应用和研究进展

介绍了天然肽类原料的定义及在化妆品中应用的发展概况。天然肽类原料具有安全、稳定、易吸收、效果好等优点,添加到化妆品中能够从根本上改善、修复皮肤出现的各种问题,特别在保湿、美白、抗皱、抗衰老等方面功效显著。     

我国天然香料资源开发现状及其产品市场分析

本文综述了我国天然香料资源的分布及开发利用现状 ,分析了主要天然香料产品的市场需求趋势 ,并在此基础上提出了今后云南省“十·五”期间天然香料资源开发的重点与目标。     

特色烟用甜香型葡萄香料的制备及其在降低卷烟自由基中的应用

为开发一种具有降低卷烟自由基的特色甜香型烟用香料,从天然的西红柿中筛选出产甜香菌株酿酒酵母（Saccharomycescerevisiae）PDH-2,应用此菌株开发特色烟用葡萄香料。结果表明：所得香料在卷烟中具有增加香气量、赋予卷烟甜香香韵以及降低喉部刺激性等作用,对卷烟烟气自由基清除率可达28．8％。     

香根草油香气成分分析

以广东清远种植的香根草为原料,用浸提法提取香根油,采用色谱-质谱联用仪对香根油化学成分进行检测,从分离的94个化学组分中,鉴定出21个化学成分,主要成分含量53.9%,岩兰草醇等萜烯类化合物质占11.4%.在国内首次发现异丁香酚、香兰素2个香气成分在香根草中的天然存在,对香料的应用与合成具有重要意义.     

植物中的天然香味成分

近年来,美国有一种趋势:在制作食用香料时,加入愈来愈多的天然香料成分,原因是商标法的颁布。该法规定,在产品中只有全部使用香精油、浓缩汁、抽提物和天然香味化合物时,才能在商标上写明“天然食用香料”。对天然香料的需求增加,使食用香料的研究人员去开发更多种类的天然香料。他们希望在不是常用的香料油中寻找常用的天然香味化合物。含     

诗词也芬芳

<正>芳香植物是含有香气成分,兼有药用植物和香料植物共有属性的植物类群,如:香草类的薰衣草,香花类的梅花、桂花、玫瑰,香树类的檀香树,香果类的佛手、胡椒和芳香蔬菜芝麻、球茎茴香等。因其具有挥发性成分多用来提取精油,用于医药、食品加工、化妆品等各个行业。我国是使用芳香植物最早的国家之一,早在5000多年前,中国就已将香料用于敬天祭     

Rhythms of fragrance emission in flowers

A method for the sampling of volatiles emitted by individual flowers is described. Sampling over periods of 3 h allowed the examination of diurnal changes in quantity and quality of fragrance. In the species studied, Odontoglossum constrictum Lindl., Citrus medica L., Hoya carnosa R. Br., and Stephanotis floribunda Brongs., the fragrance was characterized by a few major components accompanied by a larger number of minor components. Flowers of all species produced volatiles in a rhythmical, diurnal fashion. Whereas in detached flowers of O. constrictum and C. medica rhythmicity could be observed for up to four cycles, flowers of H. carnosa showed this phenomenon only when attached to the plant. Maxima of emission were observed during the day in C. medica and O. constrictum whereas in H. carnosa it occurred during the night. In S. floribunda a conspicuous asynchronism of the emission of different volatiles was observed, resulting in the rhythmical change of fragrance quality.     

Further observations on rhythmic emission of fragrance in flowers

Observations regarding floral fragrance and the rhythmicity of its emission in four plant species are reported. In the case of flowers of Hoya carnosa R. Br. which are characterized by circadian rhythmicity of scentedness (R. Altenburger and P. Matile, 1988, Planta 174, 248–252), temperature compensation of the free-running period as well as persistence of oscillations in permanent darkness have been demonstrated. A hitherto unidentified component of fragrance turned out to be identical to an unusual sesquiterpene recently discovered in cardamom oil (B. Maurer et al., 1986, Tetrahedron Lett. 27, 2111–2112). In Stephanotis floribunda Brongs. the rhythmic emission of fragrance is circadian in nature, but in a constant environment the oscillations of individual components are increasingly asynchronous. In excised flowers of Odontoglossum constrictum Lindl. the diurnal oscillations observed in a natural photoperiod are abolished under constant environmental conditions. They are resumed upon the return to a 1212-h photoperiod. The absence of circadian control could also be demonstrated in excised flowers of Citrus medica L. In this species, too, the daily maxima of scent emission reappear upon the transfer of flowers to a 1212-h light/ dark cycle. Results obtained upon the comparative analysis of volatiles in the headspace above the flowers and in petal extract indicate that the relative abundance of an individual compound in the floral fragrance is not a function of differential volatility.Abbreviations DL 1212 h photoperiod - DD continuous darkness - GLC gas-liquid chromatography - LL continuous illumination The authors are indebted to R. Kaiser, Givaudon Corp.for kindly carrying out the identifikation of volatiles by gas-liquid chromalography/mass spectrometry.     

植物中甜菜色素的研究进展

甜菜色素是一类主要存在于石竹目植物中的天然植物色素，分为甜菜红素和甜菜黄素。甜菜色素不仅具有吸引昆虫授粉的作用，还可以作为一种重要的渗透调节物质和非酶促抗氧化剂来帮助植物抵抗逆境，维持植物体内正常的生理活动。甜菜色素生物合成途径独特，具有重要的医疗保健价值，目前已被广泛用于食品、药物和化妆品中。本文结合国内外最新研究进展，从理化性质、合成途径、生物学功能和应用价值等方面对甜菜色素进行了介绍，重点阐述了甜菜色素和花青素的关系以及光照对甜菜色素生物合成的影响，以期为进一步深入了解甜菜色素和开发利用甜菜色素提供参考依据。     

微生物法生产烷烃研究进展

烷烃在自然界中广泛存在。它不仅是化石能源的主要组成部分,而且在润滑剂、化妆品、水果保藏、植物防护等方面具有广泛的应用价值。本文概述了天然产烷烃的微生物及其烷烃的天然合成途径及其途径中关键酶催化的作用机理,并对近几年国内外运用代谢工程手段改造微生物使其细胞合成烷烃的研究进展作了介绍。微生物生产烷烃可以通过改造烷烃的天然合成菌株或通过在模式微生物中引入异源烷烃合成途径两种方法来强化。最后文章讨论了微生物法生产烷烃存在的不足和今后研究的方向与展望。     

仙人掌在美容化妆品行业中的应用及开发

简要介绍了仙人掌在美容化妆品行业的应用方向,仙人掌原料的制备工艺以及仙人掌化妆品的设计理念,以期为仙人掌在美容化妆品领域的应用开发提供一些建议.     

真菌鞘糖脂的生物学功能及应用研究进展

丝状真菌作为一类重要的微生物，被广泛应用于发酵食品、工业酶和次生代谢物等工业生产中。真菌鞘糖脂主要由鞘氨醇、脂肪酸链和特殊的极性基团组成，根据极性基团的不同，分为中性鞘糖脂和酸性鞘糖脂两大类。鞘糖脂不仅参与真菌生长、细胞分化、增殖、细胞凋亡、逆境胁迫等重要生理活动，中性鞘糖脂还可作为功能性医药用品、化妆品和保健食品的重要活性组分。本文论述了真菌鞘糖脂的主要种类、结构、生物合成途径和及其参与丝状真菌生长、分化和响应逆境胁迫的生物学功能；探讨了真菌中性鞘糖脂作为抗菌肽的靶点和酸性鞘糖脂在开发抗真菌药物中的应用；同时还综述了中性鞘糖脂作为化妆品的保湿成分或保健食品的功能成分，在改善皮肤屏障功能和预防特应性皮炎中的重要作用的相关研究进展，尤其是来源于曲霉的中性鞘糖脂，可显著增强皮肤屏障功能，并可作为益生元预防肠道损伤；另外还探讨了曲霉尤其是米曲霉作为开发中性鞘糖脂生物资源的优势。     

Micro‐structured Devices for Chemical Sensing of Flavor and Fragrance

The aim of this study was to design, develop and test an integrated micro‐analytical system. Of special interest are micro‐fluidic and micro‐sensor applications in the field of chemical analysis, such as the optical detection of parameter changes, optical recognition of component profiles and technological micro‐reaction applications. For this purpose, a modular system was developed, which enables the realization of various application cases in an uncomplicated manner, and to execute (via serial or parallel combination of components) usually not compatible tasks. Software components were developed to control the measuring procedure as well as to execute the data interpretation up to a chemometrical discriminant analysis. Application is directed to the production and product control in life sciences mainly for food, natural products, cosmetics and pharmaceutics.     

Circadian rhythmicity of fragrance emission in flowers of Hoya carnosa R. Br.

In flowers of Hoya carnosa R. Br. the nocturnal emission of fragrance occurs according to an endogenous circadian rhythmicity. This was demonstrated by the continuation of rhythmical emission for two to three cycles under conditions of permanent illumination. The free-running period was approx. 29 h under these conditions. The inversion of light/dark cycles caused the entrainment of the next peak of emission by approx. 12 h whether the inversion was started with a light period or a with dark period prolonged for 12 h. When only the flower used for fragrance analysis was subjected to an inverted photoperiod, the rest of the plant remaining under the original light/dark cycle, the synchronization of fragrance emission occurred according to the Zeitgeber perceived by the individual flower.