夏侧金盏花幼苗初生维管系统的解剖学研究

夏侧金盏花(Adonis estivalis L.)为毛莨科(Ranuncula-ceae)侧金盏花属(Adonis)植物。其幼苗可明显地分为上胚轴苗区、子叶节区和下胚轴根区。幼苗以子叶节区为中心,往上其子叶节区中部和上部为子叶节—茎过渡区;向下其下胚轴为子叶节—根过渡区。目前对毛莨科某些属幼苗初生维管系统的个体发育研究已有一些报道。但夏侧金盏花幼苗的子叶节—茎过渡区的转变与已报道的其他属均不同。主要表现为其子叶节区下部的中始式二原型双肩状单中柱,到达子叶节区中部,其后生木质部弦向发育成二唇形外韧维管束雏型,在中柱中央出现薄壁组织,进一步发育则形成髓;再往上,即子叶节区上部,便一分为多个内始式的外韧维管束雏型,直接形成上胚轴(茎)的真中柱。此研究为再一次验证子叶节区理论的正确性与进一步揭示被子植物初生维管系统的演化规律积累一份新资料。     

蔷薇亚科4属4种植物幼苗形态结构及其系统演化分析

通过对蔷薇亚科蛇莓属的蛇莓[Duchesnea indica(Andrews)Focke]、委陵菜属的翻白草(Potentilla dis-colorBunge)、水杨梅属的水杨梅(Geum aleppicumJacq.)和地榆属的地榆(Sanguisorba officinalisL.)4种植物幼苗形态特征以及初生维管系统的结构研究表明:蛇莓、翻白草子叶脉序中主脉与两侧二级脉呈原始的二叉分支状,蛇莓脉序中无二级间脉,翻白草中为简单型的二级间脉;水杨梅、地榆的主脉与两侧二级脉呈进化的对生分支状,二者的二级间脉为复合型.蛇莓属幼苗子叶节区下部的中柱为原始的中始式二原型圆形单中柱,委陵菜属为较进化的外始式二原型圆形单中柱,水杨梅属为外始式二原型双钩型的单中柱,而地榆属的外始式二原型双扇型的单中柱则最为进化,并且地榆的后生木质部发达,也是进化的表现.综合叶脉数量和级数以及子叶节区下部的中柱类型分析,认为4属的演化趋势为:蛇莓属最原始,其次为委陵菜属和水杨梅属,地榆属最为进化.     

大白菜幼苗初生维管系统的解剖学研究

大白菜是子叶出土幼苗,子叶节区下部具木质部中部凹缢的中始式二原型单中柱,特称芸苔型。作者在白菜幼苗子叶节区中部也发现了属于管状中柱范畴的疏隙中柱阶段,从而进一步证明管状中柱和疏隙中柱在种子植物体内并非毛莨科某些属所特有,至少在十字花科的芸苔属也存在。     

3属4种罂粟科植物幼苗初生维管系统的结构

罂粟科属间演化关系一直存在争议。本文以罂粟科罂粟属的虞美人（Papaver rhoeas）和东方罂粟（Papaver orientale）、白屈菜属的白屈菜（Chelidonium majus）以及紫堇属的地丁草（Corydalis bungeana）为材料,应用整体透明和石蜡连续切片的方法,在明场显微镜和偏光显微镜下对其幼苗期的结构及发育进行了观察。结果表明,3属植物幼苗子叶节区下部存在的单中柱类型各异：罂粟属为外始式二原型圆形单中柱,白屈菜属为外始式二原型近圆形单中柱,紫堇属为外始式二原型“S”形单中柱。3属植物的子叶脉序也存在区别：虞美人和东方罂粟具单一叶脉,无叶隙;白屈菜为环结曲行羽状脉;地丁草为基出完全顶聚脉。根据上述幼苗初生维管系统的结构,认为3属中罂粟属较为原始,白屈菜属较为进化,紫堇属更为进化。     

3属4种罂粟科植物幼苗初生维管系统的结构

罂粟科属间演化关系一直存在争议。本文以罂粟科罂粟属的虞美人（Papaver rhoeas）和东方罂粟（Papaver orientale）、白屈菜属的白屈菜（Chelidonium majus）以及紫堇属的地丁草（Corydalis bungeana）为材料,应用整体透明和石蜡连续切片的方法,在明场显微镜和偏光显微镜下对其幼苗期的结构及发育进行了观察。结果表明,3属植物幼苗子叶节区下部存在的单中柱类型各异：罂粟属为外始式二原型圆形单中柱,白屈菜属为外始式二原型近圆形单中柱,紫堇属为外始式二原型“S”形单中柱。3属植物的子叶脉序也存在区别：虞美人和东方罂粟具单一叶脉,无叶隙;白屈菜为环结曲行羽状脉;地丁草为基出完全顶聚脉。根据上述幼苗初生维管系统的结构,认为3属中罂粟属较为原始,白屈菜属较为进化,紫堇属更为进化。     

梓树幼苗初生维管系统的解剖学研究

根据子叶节区理论对梓树幼苗初生维管系统进行了解剖学研究。结果表明:梓树幼苗的子叶节区较长,自上到下都有髓的存在,为向基移位型。子叶节区下部具有中始式四原型管状中柱,在子叶节区中部的原生木质部处一分为二,逐渐形成具有8枚外韧维管束的中柱结构;在子叶节区上部,组成短轴的2枚维管束各自一分为三,逐渐形成真中柱的雏形,与上胚轴顶端分生性组织分化形成的内始式真中柱相连,至此,子叶节区发育完成。子叶为单隙三迹。     

大花翠雀幼苗初生维管系统的解剖学研究

大花翠雀（Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎｉｕｍｇｒａｎｄｉｆｌｏｒｕｍ）幼苗初生维管系统的解剖学研究表明,子叶节区是客观存在的,并以子叶节区为中心存在两个过渡区,即向上的子叶节─茎过渡区和向下的子叶节一根过渡区。在子叶节区下部存在原始的外始式二原型十字形单中柱。本研究为进一步揭示毛茛科植物的起源和演化积累一份新资料。     

3属3种毛茛科植物幼苗形态结构及其系统演化分析

以毛茛科升麻属植物升麻(Cimicifuga foetida)、金莲花属植物短瓣金莲花(Trollius ledebouri)和飞燕草属植物飞燕草(Consolida ajacis)为材料,应用整体透明和石蜡连续切片方法,对3种植物幼苗形态特征及初生维管系统结构进行了观察。结果表明:升麻子叶脉序为较简单的离基不完全顶聚脉,短瓣金莲花为环结曲行羽状脉,飞燕草为较复杂的基出完全顶聚脉。升麻属幼苗子叶节区下部的维管柱为中始式二原型长方形单中柱,金莲花属为外始式二原型半弧形单中柱,飞燕草属为外始式二原型双扇形单中柱。分析上述子叶脉序特征和维管柱类型,认为3属中升麻属最原始,金莲花属次之,飞燕草属进化程度最高。     

单瘤酸模根—茎转换区初生维管组织的解剖学研究

作者在对单瘤酸模（Ｒｕｍｅｘ ｃｒｉｓｐｕｓ ｖａｒ．ｕｎｉｃａｌｌｏｓｕｓ）幼苗维管组织做连续切片的解剖观察时看到,该植物维管组织从根到茎的变化过程中出现４个不同的中柱类型即（１）根－下胚轴的三元型星状中柱;（２）子叶节区下部的单体型原生中柱;（３）子叶节区上部的管状中柱和（４）上胚轴－苗端的真中柱。作者对此进行了讨论,认为子叶节区既然具有原始的单一管状类型的中柱,说明这一部位应为与古老 性顺官     

肾叶唐松草幼苗初生维管系统的个体发育研究

肾叶唐松草(Thalictrum petaloideum L.)幼苗初生维管系统的个体发育研究证明,正如谷安根等在"Studies on Cotyledon Node Zone"的研究中所发现的那样,它也存在一个子叶节区和以该区为中心的两个过渡区,即子叶节区向下的子叶节-根过渡区(下胚轴)与子叶节-茎过渡区(即子叶节区的中部和上部)。在它的子叶节区下部存在中始式二原型具双钩状后生木质部的单中柱。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.