基于微流控芯片的细胞-细菌相互作用光电检测技术

细胞/细菌及其相互作用研究对于生命科学、药物研发、医学诊疗等领域的研究具有重要意义。微流控芯片分析技术因微环境可控、生物相容性好、检测并行性、微型化等特性，正发展成为细胞/细菌及其相互作用研究的高效手段。本文在简要介绍基于微流控芯片分析技术的细胞-细菌分析方法和技术基础之上，对微流控芯片上细胞-细菌相互作用模型的建立进行了讨论，重点针对细胞-细菌及其相互作用过程的芯片检测进行了综述，尤其对芯片集成的光电检测技术及其测试效果进行总结和比较。通过芯片集成微流体控制、多种光电传感监测模块，使微流控芯片分析技术成为细胞/细菌及其相互作用过程分析和检测的支撑平台和优势手段。最后，对微流控光电检测技术在细胞-细菌相互作用检测中面临的挑战及发展趋势进行了讨论和展望。     

微流控芯片分析技术在生化研究中的应用进展

综述了微流控芯片分析技术在生物和化学领域中进展,主要从药物筛选、PCR、细胞研究和微流控芯片电泳4个方面总结目前的进展。     

微流控芯片在昆虫研究中的应用

与昆虫学相关的研究是生命科学最早的研究领域之一,在害虫防治、资源昆虫利用和模式生物（例如黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster）等研究领域有重要意义。微流控芯片（Microfluidic chip）也称作“芯片实验室”（Lab-on-a-chip）,是21世纪一项重要的技术发明,目前被广泛应用于细胞生物学、发育生物学、体外诊断等领域。随着微流控芯片技术发展的不断深入,与昆虫研究相关的微流控芯片不断出现,促进了昆虫细胞、胚胎发育、昆虫行为和害虫防治等研究领域的发展。本文针对应用于昆虫学领域的微流控芯片研究进行综述。     

基于微流控芯片的秀丽隐杆线虫的研究进展

微流控芯片技术作为近年来最前沿的分析技术之一,已经在化学、生物学、医药学等研究领域取得了突破性的进展.微流控芯片具有高通量、微型化和多功能集成化等独特优势,已经成为生物医学研究的新平台之一,被越来越多地应用于秀丽隐杆线虫的研究.综述了基于微流控芯片上的秀丽隐杆线虫在生物医学领域中的研究进展,侧重介绍了微流控芯片在线虫的自动化固定、行为学、衰老与发育学、神经学、药物筛选及基因筛选等六大方面所取得的最新进展,并展望了微流控芯片的应用前景.     

阵列光镊与微流控芯片技术的结合与应用

在生物医学研究领域中,阵列光镊与微流控芯片的结合已经成为进行细胞操纵、转移以及少量细胞样品分选等方面最有希望的方法之一。光镊技术对样品具有非接触弹性控制、无机械损伤、可无菌操作等优势,以及微流控芯片分析的高效、多功能、微型化、低成本等优势,成为芯片实验室(Lab-on-a-Chip)的重要研究方面。该文概述了阵列光镊技术的形成与研究现状以及微流控芯片技术的发展与应用现状,分析了在不同阵列光镊形成方法下结合微流控芯片可实现的功能与应用,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

微流控芯片技术在食品领域中的应用

微流控芯片技术是一种全新的微量分析技术。介绍了微流控芯片技术的基本原理、特点及分类,并深入讨论了该技术在食品安全、营养、加工和风味等食品领域中的应用,包括有害化学物质、食品添加剂、转基因食品和食源性致病微生物等的检测,营养物质和功能成分的分析鉴定,食品工艺参数的调控以及食品风味成分的检测,展望了微流控芯片技术在食品领域的广阔应用前景。     

微流控芯片在水环境污染分析中的应用

近年来,一种新型技术——微流控芯片技术因其分析速度快、消耗低、体积小、操作简单等特点而备受世界各国的广泛重视.该技术以微通道网络为基本特征,以微机电系统(MEMS)工艺为技术依托,将整个实验室的功能集成在微小芯片上,即构成所谓“芯片实验室”.本文从该技术的基本情况出发,介绍了微流控芯片的发展,并从仪器小型化、系统集成化、不同的芯片材料以及多种检测技术等方面,着重讨论了其在水环境污染分析方面的实际应用和发展前景,指出了它当前所面临的一些问题.随着微流控芯片的不断发展,高速多通道检测装置、低成本设备以及集成了多种方法的高通用性微流控检测芯片,都将成为未来研究的热点.     

条形码微流控芯片在分泌蛋白检测方面的应用

微流控芯片具有液体流动可控、消耗试样少、分析速度快等特点,它可以在几分钟甚至更短的时间内进行上百个样品的同时分析,并且可以实现在线样品的预处理及分析全过程。一种条形码微流控芯片能够以高密度的单链DNA为模板,从而克服了传统蛋白质微流控芯片固定在固体表面容易变性的缺点,既解决了稳定性的要求,又满足芯片平行处理大量数据的要求,可以用来大量的、快速的定量检测细胞的分泌蛋白。条形码微流控芯片因其对样品要求简单、低耗高效、高通量等特点正在成为分泌蛋白检测的最具吸引力的分析工具,在样品分析与检测以及临床检测研究等领域得到了广泛的应用。     

构建基于磁珠微流控芯片的iFlora遗传信息高效获取系统

磁珠以其比表面积大、易与生物分子耦联、操控方便等优点,在生命科学中得到了广泛应用。随着微机电系统（MicroElectroMechanicalSystems,MEMS）技术的发展,将磁珠应用到微流控芯片中构建磁珠微流控分析系统,为生物样品分离、检测提供了一种全新方法。新一代植物志iFlora融入现代DNA测序技术．应用高速发展的信息、网络技术及云计算分析平台,收集、整合和管理植物物种相关信息,以实现物种智能鉴定和数据提取,而包括DNA条形码在内的遗传信息及其获取技术在iFlora中的作用至关重要。本文重点概述了基于纳米磁珠的微流控芯片技术及其在分子生物学领域中的应用,提出构建基于纳米磁珠微流控芯片的iFlora遗传信息采集系统,在微芯片上完成从DNA提取到测序全过程,实现物种遗传信息的快速、高效获取。     

聚合物微流控芯片消毒灭菌技术研究进展

聚合物微流控芯片成本低、易加工,目前在医药、生物检测和化学合成等领域得到了普遍应用。以热塑性聚合物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)和热固型聚合物聚二甲基硅氧烷(polydimethy lsiloxane,PDMS)为基材的高分子聚合物材料因具有较好的生物相容性和光学透明性,已逐渐成为聚合物微流控芯片加工的主导材料,被广泛应用于生物医药类微流控芯片的制备。鉴于该类芯片应用场景的特殊性,需在使用前进行消毒灭菌处理以避免微生物干扰。目前,针对PMMA和PDMS的消毒灭菌方法包括高压蒸汽灭菌、紫外线灭菌、电子束、60Co γ射线辐射灭菌、超临界二氧化碳灭菌、乙醇消毒、环氧乙烷灭菌、过氧化氢低温等离子体灭菌、绿原酸消毒、清洗剂消毒。本文从基本原理、消毒灭菌方法、应用场景等方面,回顾和总结了相关技术在PMMA和PDMS基体微流控芯片中的实现方法,并在芯片材质、适用范围等方面分析了所适用的消毒灭菌方法,为以聚合物为基材的生物医药类微流控芯片的消毒灭菌提供有益参考。     

Live cells-based cytotoxic sensorchip fabricated in a microfluidic system

We report here a live cells-based sensorchip fabricated in microfluidic channels in which several laminar flows were achieved. In addition, we established a cytotoxic sensor cell line, which was transfected with a green fluorescence protein (GFP) plasmid derived from the heat shock protein 70B' (HSP70B') promoter, which is induced by cytotoxic reagents. The fluorescence in the sensor cells increased in a CdCl(2) dose-dependent manner in the microfluidic channels. In this system, cytotoxic reagents can be quantitatively detected in a quick, sensitive and high-throughput manner. The combination of sensor cells and microfluidic systems will provide an important basis for the development of micro-total analysis systems (micro-TAS) technology, and can be applied to toxicology, environmental assessment and drug screening.     

Environmental application of array technology: promise,problems and practicalities

Array technology has been applied in environmental research using innovative approaches in gene expression, comparative genomics and mixed community analysis. Greater fundamental understanding of sources of experimental and analytical error in array experiments should facilitate the future application of array technology to environmental analysis.     

Protein microarrays: promising tools for proteomic research

Miniaturized and parallelized ligand binding assays are of great interest in postgenomic research because microarray technology allows the simultaneous determination of a large number of parameters from a minute amount of sample within a single experiment. Assay systems based on this technology are used for the identification and quantification of proteins as well as for the study of protein interactions. Protein affinity assays have been implemented that allow the analysis of interactions between proteins with other proteins, peptides, low molecular weight compounds, oligosaccharides or DNA. Microarray technology is an emerging technology used in global analytical approaches and has a considerable impact on proteomic research.     

激光技术在医学发展中的地位

本文叙述了激光技术促进医学发展的几个方面：激光为分析细胞学提供了技术基础;激光推动现代分子生物学的发展;Ｘ激光将革新体视和显微成象技术;激光已成为解决临床治疗难题的有力武器。     

Small-volume electrochemical detector for microcolumn liquid chromatography

A submicroliter electrochemical detector for liquid chromatography has been designed, using pressure-annealed pyrolytic graphite technology. The analytical performance of this detector was studied in connection with a reversed-phase packed microcapillary column at very low flow-rates. Although the miniaturized version of the electrochemical detector is less sensitive, a direct analysis of a number of urinary metabolites in 0.1–1.0 μl samples is feasible.     

ProteinChip clinical proteomics: computational challenges and solutions

ProteinChip technology, a suite of analytical tools that includes retentate chromatography, on-chip protein characterization, and multivariate analysis, allows researchers to examine patterns ofprotein expression and modification. Based on the surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) approach, ProteinChip technology has been pioneered by researchers at Ciphergen Biosystems (Fremont, CA, USA), as well as by users of Ciphergen's commercial embodiment of this technology the ProteinChip Biomarker System. This report will begin with a background of the technology and describe its applications in clinical proteomics and will then conclude with a discussion of tools and strategies to mine the large amounts of data generated during the course of a typical clinical proteomics study.     

Fundamentals of cDNA microarray data analysis

Microarray technology is a powerful approach for genomics research. The multi-step, data-intensive nature of this technology has created an unprecedented informatics and analytical challenge. It is important to understand the crucial steps that can affect the outcome of the analysis. In this review, we provide an overview of the contemporary trend on various main analysis steps in the microarray data analysis process, which includes experimental design, data standardization, image acquisition and analysis, normalization, statistical significance inference, exploratory data analysis, class prediction and pathway analysis, as well as various considerations relevant to their implementation.     

Analyzing the dynamic bacterial glycome with a lectin microarray approach

Glycosylation of bacterial cell surfaces is emerging as a critical factor in symbiosis, pathogenesis, cell-cell interactions and immune evasion. The lack of high-throughput analytical tools to examine bacterial glycans has been a major obstacle to the field and has hindered closer examination of the dynamics of carbohydrate variation. We have recently developed a lectin microarray for the analysis of glycoproteins. Herein we present a rapid analytical system based on this technology for the examination of bacterial glycans. The glycosylation pattern observed distinguishes closely related Escherichia coli strains from one another, providing a facile means of fingerprinting bacteria. In addition, dynamic alterations in the carbohydrate coat of a pathogenic E. coli strain are readily observed. The fast evaluation of real-time alterations in surface-carbohydrate epitopes allows examination of the dynamic role of bacterial sugars in response to external stimuli such as the immune system.     

Chip-based nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for protein characterization

In the last several years, significant progress has been made in the development of microfluidic-based analytical technologies for proteomic and drug discovery applications. Chip-based nanoelectrospray coupled to a mass spectrometer detector is one of the recently developed analytical microscale technologies. This technology offers unique advantages for automated nanoelectrospray including reduced sample consumption, improved detection sensitivity and enhanced data quality for proteomic studies. This review presents an overview and introduction of recent developments in chip devices coupled to electrospray mass spectrometers including the development of the automated nanoelectrospray ionization chip device for protein characterization. Applications using automated chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization technology in proteomic and bioanalytical studies are also extensively reviewed in the fields of high-throughput protein identification, protein post-translational modification studies, top-down proteomics, biomarker screening by pattern recognition, noncovalent protein–ligand binding for drug discovery and lipid analysis. Additionally, future trends in chip-based nanoelectrospray technology are discussed.