细菌群体感应信号分子N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯的检测

群体感应是细菌生长到一定密度时相互感应,并进行基因表达及调控产生的独特、多样的群体行为现象。N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(AHL)类化合物是革兰阴性菌群体感应中最重要的一类信号分子,调控许多生理特性基因的表达。快速、简便、有效地检测细菌能否产生AHL或产生何种信号分子,成为深入研究和了解细菌群体感应的重要手段。我们就细菌群体感应信号分子AHL检测的基本原理和方法及国内外研究进展进行了总结。     

细菌群体感应系统研究进展及其应用

细菌能自发产生、释放一些特定的信号分子,并能感知其浓度变化,调节微生物的群体行为,这一调控系统称为群体感应。细菌群体感应参与包括人类、动植物病原菌致病力在内的多种生物学功能的调节。本文综述了细菌群体感应的最新研究进展,并阐述了其在生物技术领域的应用前景。     

细菌的群体行为调控机制-Quorum sensing

群体效应(Quorum sensing)是近来日益受到广泛关注的一种细菌群体行为调控机制,很多细菌有这种能力,即分泌一种或多种自诱导剂(Autoinducer),细菌通过感应这些自诱导剂来判断菌群密度和周围环境变化,当菌群数达到一定的阀值(quorum,菌落或集落数)后,启动相应一系列基因的调节表达,以调节菌体的群体行为。不同类型的细菌具有不同的群体效应调节系统,很多细菌分泌同一种诱导剂,以此调控不同种类细菌间的作用行为。群体效应系统在自诱导剂与受体之间存在专一性,同时又在调节基因和信号传递系统中体现出多样性和复杂性。由于不少人或植物的病原菌的致病机制等受群体效应的调控,该机制已成为医学等领域的研究热点。     

假单胞菌Quorum sensing调控体系

群体感应(Quorum sensing,QS)是近来受到广泛关注的一种细菌群体行为调控机制,通过感应一些信号分子如酰基高丝氨酸环内酯(acyl-homoserine lactone,AHL)来判断菌群密度和周围环境变化,假单胞菌中同样也有AHL信号分子,当信号达到一定的浓度阈值时,能启动菌体中相关基因的表达来适应环境中的变化,从而调节菌体的群体行为(如致病性及群体生长调节)。众多报道说明了假单胞菌的群体感应调节系统是由一些全面的调节子所调控的。本文系统介绍了假单胞菌群体感应调控系统,并分析假单胞菌在该系统中复杂的应答反应。     

基于天然产物的群体感应抑制剂的研究进展

细菌的群体感应现象是近年来微生物学、食品保藏学以及天然产物化学等领域研究的热点。随着对群体感应系统研究的不断深入,越来越多的群体感应类型不断地被报道,不同类型的群体感应现象由不同种类的信号分子来介导,各种群体感应抑制剂也不断地涌现。群体感应抑制剂可以阻断细菌的群体感应系统,抑制细菌毒力基因的表达而不影响细菌的生长与增殖,因此,应用群体感应抑制剂可以避免细菌因生长压力而产生耐药性。本文中,笔者主要按照信号分子的种类综述目前已报道的细菌群体感应系统的类型、群体感应的干扰策略以及天然产物来源的群体感应抑制剂的研究现状。另外,笔者还介绍了不同种类信号分子介导的细菌群体感应机制以及已报道的天然产物来源的细菌群体感应抑制剂的种类,并展望其应用前景。     

铜绿假单胞菌群体感应系统的研究进展

细菌的群体感应也称自身诱导,是指细菌通过产生和感应信号分子浓度的变化来监测其群体密度,协调群体行为的过程.自身诱导物随着细菌密度增高而增高,当自身诱导物达到某一阈值后,会与一些转录调节子结合,从而诱导或抑制多种基因的表达.群体感应系统内由多种信号分子和效应蛋白组成复杂的调节网络,调控包括细菌毒力因子产生与释放、生物膜形成、接合反应等,从而影响细菌的致病过程.本文主要对铜绿假单胞菌的群体感应系统及其与宿主关系、群体感应抑制剂等方面的研究进展进行综述.     

细菌群体感应调控多样性及群体感应淬灭

群体感应(Quorum sensing, QS)是细菌通过信号分子分泌、识别,从而调控基因水平转移、毒力因子分泌、芽孢产生及生物膜形成等群体行为的细胞交流机制。干扰信号分子的分泌、识别,可以阻断群体感应,实现群体淬灭。群体淬灭(Quorum quenching, QQ)是目前致病性控制、致腐性预防以及生物膜污染削减的重要策略之一。本文以群体感应信号分泌-识别-响应为主线,将群体感应分为等级、平行及竞争型三类调控方式,并对其特征进行了详细阐述;同时,探讨了信号分子类似物、信号分子降解酶剂、信号受体激活剂/抑制剂等策略在不同调控方式淬灭中的适用性;最后,对群体感应调控及淬灭进行了展望,以期为丰富细菌群体感应认知、促进群体淬灭应用提供参考。     

群体感应与病原菌致病性研究进展

群体感应是细菌根据细胞密度变化进行基因表达调控的一种生理行为。当细菌密度达到临界阈值时能释放一些特定的自诱导信号分子,从而调节本种群或同环境中其他种群的群体行为。细菌群体感应参与包括人类、动植物、病原菌在内的多种生物的生物学功能调节,如生物膜的形成、毒力因子的产生、病原菌的耐药性等。深入研究病原菌群体感应系统的调控机制,将提高对病原菌发病机制的认识,有利于以群体感应作为防治疾病策略的研究。系统阐述了群体感应系统的组成类型、群体感应与病原菌致病性的关系,及其在抑制病原菌致病方面的应用。     

细菌群体感应及其在病原菌防治中的应用

细菌分泌一种或多种化学信号分子,这些化学信号分子作为诱导因子感知和判断菌群密度和周围环境的变化。当菌群达到一定阈值时会启动一系列相关基因的表达以调控菌体的群体行为,细菌的这种生理行为称为群体感应。大量的研究表明,不同类型的细菌具有不同的群体感应系统。群体感应机制广泛存在于病原菌中,并与其侵染过程、毒力基因表达及致病性密切相关。利用这种群体感应机制作为靶点进行病原菌的防治是医学领域广泛关注的问题。在此就细菌群体感应及其在病原菌防治中的应用进行阐述。     

群体感应信号分子及其抑制剂快速检测方法的建立

细菌能自发产生、释放一些特定的信号分子,并能感知其浓度变化,调节微生物的群体行为,这一调控系统称为群体感应。细菌群体感应参与包括人类、动植物病原菌致病力在内的多种生物学功能的调节,群体感应抑制剂成为抗感染药物开发的靶点。利用紫色色杆菌(Chromobacterium violaceum)和根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)作为指示菌,建立检测高丝氨酸内酯(AHLs)及其抑制剂的简便方法。结果表明,通过平板交叉划线接种,使用指示菌能够有效地检测AHLs,并且通过薄层层析(TLC)与细菌生物感应器相结合的方法可以快速、方便地鉴定AHLs的种类;通过双层平板法观察指示菌色素产生情况,能够有效地检测群体感应信号分子AHLs抑制剂,且该方法简单易行。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.