9 种海洋硅藻挥发性成分的比较分析

采用顶空固相微萃取气相色谱一质谱联用技术,通过SIMCA．P分析软件,对硅藻门下处于生长平台后期的9种海洋硅藻的挥发性成分进行比较分析研究。结果表明：在平台后期硅藻的挥发性成分中,醛类物质的含量和种类占据了很大的优势,壬醛、2,4-辛二烯醛、2-己烯醛、2-壬烯醛、2,4-庚二烯醛等是硅藻挥发性成分的主要构成物质,十四烷、十五烷、1-十五烯、十六烷等烷烃类是硅藻中含量仅次于醛类物质的挥发性成分,3,5-辛烯基-3-酮等短链酮类和1-辛烯基-3-醇是硅藻中含量较高的酮类和醇类物质,9种硅藻中均检测二甲基硫的存在。差异性较大的挥发性物质主要有壬醛、8-十七碳烯、1-戊烯．3．酮、1-己烯-3．醇、2,6-二甲基一苯酚,它们决定了不同的硅藻有着各自不同的风味。研究结果表明这些挥发性物质对硅藻的饵料价值、养殖生物的肉质风味、水环境的异味形成有着重要意义。     

南瓜5个品种果肉的挥发性成分分析

为了解南瓜（Cucurbita sp.）果实中的特征风味物质,采用顶空固相微萃取气质联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）技术对5个品种（‘新美玉’、宝丰’、‘金磨盘’、‘健宝’和‘东升’）果肉的挥发性成分和含量进行测定并进行主成分分析。结果表明,从5个品种南瓜果肉中共检测出68种挥发性成分,以醇类、醛类和烃类为主,其中壬醛、正己醛、反,反-2,4-庚二烯醛、顺-壬-3-烯-1-醇和正己醇等化合物为南瓜果肉的主要风味物质。主成分分析表明,南瓜5个品种果肉的风味差异化合物主要有9种,其中十一醛和反-2-壬烯醛为‘健宝’和‘东升’的特征风味物质;1,9-壬二醇是‘宝丰’的标志性风味物质;‘金磨盘’和‘新美玉’因3-壬炔-1-醇相对含量较高而区别于其他品种。因此,特征挥发性物质为南瓜品种改良和品质评价提供参考。     

细叶韭花化学成分的研究

细叶韭的花用乙醇浸提后制成膏,用乙醚萃取,蒸发除去大部分乙醚,残留物通过气相色谱－质谱仪分析,鉴定了46种化合物,占峰面积的83 .30%,其中含硫化合物4种;烃基芳香化合物11种,醛、酮类5种,长链烷烃6种,烯烃2种,醇、酚类10种,酯类5种,有机酸3种。细叶韭花叶的呈香物质主要为含硫化合物、醛、酮类、烃基芳香化合物、长链烯烃等,Vita-min E、β－,γ－生育酚、3β－羟基－5－烯－麦角甾烷、3β－羟基－5,16－二烯－妊酮是具有强生理活性物质。     

头花蓼挥发性成分研究

目的:研究头花蓼(Herba Polygoni Capitati)挥发性成分.方法:利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取头花蓼挥发性成分,用GC/MS进行分离测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量.结果:分离出88个成分,确定了51个化合物,占挥发油总量的73.10%.结论:头花蓼挥发油成分大于2%的为1-辛烯-3-醇15.205%,2-己烯醛4.444%,γ-古芸烯4.220%,2-庚烯醛4.047%,壬醛3.280%,长叶冰片2.722%,蓝桉醇2.544%.含量最高的化合物为1-辛烯-3-醇.     

红火蚁工蚁对棉蚜诱导的棉花挥发物的嗅觉和行为反应

【目的】红火蚁 Solenopsis invicta 与棉蚜 Aphis gossypii 存在兼性共生关系,红火蚁可能利用棉蚜危害诱导棉花释放的挥发物定位棉蚜。本研究将测试红火蚁工蚁对棉花挥发物的嗅觉和行为反应。【方法】使用Y型管实验测试红火蚁工蚁对棉花气味的行为反应;以红火蚁告警信息素2-乙基-3,5(6)-二甲基吡嗪为阳性对照,测试红火蚁工蚁对不同剂量(100, 10, 1 和0.1 μg)的9种棉花挥发物组分[α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-石竹烯、( E, E )-4,8,12-三甲基-1,3,7,11-十三碳四烯(TMTT)、( E )-4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬三烯(DMNT)、辛醛、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、顺-3-己烯基乙酸酯和水杨酸甲酯]的触角电位反应;再利用Y型嗅觉仪测试这些挥发物对红火蚁工蚁的行为选择影响。【结果】结果表明,受棉蚜为害的棉花较健康棉花对红火蚁工蚁具有极显著的引诱效果。红火蚁对9种挥发物组分的EAG反应随着剂量升高而升高。各化合物在100 μg剂量时EAG反应值最大,其中,工蚁对水杨酸甲酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮这两个化合物反应最强。在行为选择实验中,化合物水杨酸甲酯、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮和DMNT对红火蚁工蚁均具有显著的引诱效果。【结论】棉蚜诱导的棉花挥发物中水杨酸甲酯和6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮对红火蚁有显著的引诱效果,这2种化合物可能在红火蚁定位棉蚜、建立共生关系中起着关键的作用。     

椭圆嗜蓝孢孔菌子实体的化学成分

从椭圆嗜蓝孢孔菌Fomitiporia ellipsoidea子实体的石油醚提取物中分离得到6个化合物,分别是麦角甾-7,22,25-三烯-3-酮,21-羟基羊毛甾-7,9(11),24-三烯-3-酮,麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-棕榈酸酯,麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3-酮,麦角甾醇和过氧化麦角甾醇;从其脱脂后的氯仿提取中分离得到了3个化合物,分别是：苯并(1,2-b;5,4-b′)二呋喃-3,5-二酮-8-甲酸甲酯,麦角甾-7,22-烯-3b-醇和b-谷甾醇。其中苯并(1,2-b;5,4-b′)二呋喃-3     

海州常山挥发性成分HS-SPME-GC-MS分析

本文首次采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS),分析了海州常山花的挥发性成分.从海州常山花中共鉴定出了27种化合物,占挥发油成分总峰面积的94.10％,主要有烷烃、醛、醇和酸类.其中含量较高的成分有2,6,10,14-四甲基十六烷(17.25％)、棕榈醛(10.57％)、1-辛烯-3-醇(6.7...     

柑橘木虱胁迫对柠檬叶代谢组挥发性成分的影响

柑橘木虱是柑橘黄龙病的自然传播媒介,为了解柑橘应对柑橘木虱胁迫的代谢组学变化,本文以柠檬为受体,进行柑橘木虱取食胁迫处理,分别于胁迫不同阶段(0、12、24、48、72和96 h)采集柠檬叶为试验材料,静态顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用检测其挥发性物质。主要结果如下:结合保留指数从柠檬叶中共检出37种化合物,包含15种萜类,6种醛类,6种醇类等;含量较高的挥发性成分有(+)-柠檬烯、桧烯、月桂烯等;受柑橘木虱取食胁迫后,柠檬叶中的挥发性化合物含量产生明显变化,萜类、醛类和醇类物质相对含量均呈升高趋势。桧烯、里那醇、(+)-香茅醛和橙花醇4种物质的含量在柑橘木虱取食胁迫96 h时分别升高2.1,2.9,7.8和3.2倍;α-石竹烯的含量下降1.9倍。(+)-柠檬烯、β-红没药烯和反式-α-香柑油烯等物质含量变化不明显,胁迫后的样品中新检出玫瑰呋喃氧化物、香叶醇和2-异丙基-5-甲基茴香醚等3种化合物。皮尔森相关性分析表明,桧烯、β-蒎烯、甲基庚烯酮、月桂烯、水芹烯等9种物质含量与柑橘木虱胁迫时间呈极显著正相关(P0.01),α-蒎烯、莰烯、松油烯、γ-萜品烯等10种物质含量与柑橘木虱胁迫时间呈显著正相关(P0.05),而邻甲氨基苯甲酸甲酯含量与柑橘木虱胁迫时间呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。聚类和热图进一步分析表明,胁迫不同时间的样品具有显著差异,且胁迫时柠檬叶挥发性化合物大部分呈现上升的趋势,尤其是胁迫48、72和96 h后,物质含量显著增加。研究结果为了解柑橘应对柑橘木虱等生物胁迫的代谢组学变化及柑橘木虱的生物防治提供了理论基础。     

中国特有植物银杉叶精油成分的研究

本文用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用仪,分离了银杉(Cathaya argyrophylla)叶精油主要成分26个,鉴定了19个化合物,并测定了含量。其中主要成分有α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、α-龙脑烯醛、反式-松香芹醇、桃金娘烯醛、马鞭草烯酮和石竹烯氧化物等。     

中国特有植物银杉叶精油成分的研究

本文用气相色谱-质谱 — 计算机联用仪,分离了银杉(Cathaya argyrophylla)叶精油主要成分26个,鉴定了19个化合物,并测定了含量。其中主要成分有a — 蒎烯、β — 蒎烯,a— 龙脑烯醛、反式 — 松香芹醇,桃金娘烯醛、马鞭草烯酮和石竹烯氧化物等。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.