动物源活性蛋白多肽的分离纯化方法研究进展

动物类中药的有效成分以蛋白多肽为主,因此活性蛋白多肽具有重要的医疗保健价值。文章分析了沉淀法、色谱法、膜分离法以及电泳法的基本原理和主要适用范围,综述了这些方法在动物源活性蛋白多肽的分离纯化中的应用,为动物源蛋白多肽的分离纯化与进一步研究提供参考,以期开发出高效、经济和环保的蛋白多肽分离纯化新技术。     

苦荞多肽的纯化、结构与体外抗氧化活性研究CSCD

为了探究苦荞多肽粗提液抗氧化活性的主要来源,需要进一步对苦荞多肽进行分离纯化,通过结构鉴定来分析抗氧化活性与多肽结构之间的关系。该研究以苦荞功能提取物废渣为原料提取苦荞粗蛋白辅以植物乳杆菌发酵法制备苦荞多肽,采用大孔吸附树脂、葡聚糖凝胶、液相色谱对苦荞多肽粗提液进行分离纯化,并以抗氧化活性为指标,筛选抗氧化活性较强的组分,利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定抗氧化多肽结构。结果表明,纯度不同的苦荞多肽抗氧化能力也不同,经过Sephadex G-15葡聚糖凝胶分离纯化得到的T-3组分ABTS和DPPH自由基清除能力最优,清除率分别为96%、94%。纯化后苦荞多肽的抗氧化活性显著高于粗提液(P<0.05),但是抗氧化活性并没有完全与苦荞多肽纯度呈正相关,通过液相色谱进一步分离纯化T-3组分后得到的组分T-3-1,苦荞多肽纯度虽然达到了98%,但是对DPPH和ABTS抑制率不再增强,反而稍有下降,抑制率分别为89%和90%。由质谱鉴定结果得到,主要抗氧化肽的氨基酸序列为苯丙氨酸-脯氨酸-酪氨酸Phe-Pro-Tyr(FPY)和酪氨酸-亮氨酸-脯氨酸-苯丙氨酸Tyr-Leu-Pro-Phe(YLPF)。研究结果以期为苦荞多肽的进一步开发利用提供一定的理论基础。     

中国林蛙和中华蟾蜍皮肤抗菌肽的分离纯化及其抗菌活性

分别以中国林蛙长白山亚种Rana chensinensis changbaishansis和中华蟾蜍Bufo gargarizans的鲜皮为原料,通过酸化乙醇法提取抗菌肽粗提液,再经葡聚糖凝胶层析进一步分离纯化获得抗菌肽纯品,采用滤纸片法进行抑菌活性研究.结果 表明,经Sephadex G-50和Sephadex G-100分离纯化后获得3种多肽,中国林蛙与中华蟾蜍皮肤中的活性多肽对革兰氏阴性和革兰氏阳性细菌都具有一定的抗菌作用,其中多肽Ⅲ具有最佳的抑菌效果.抗菌肽相对含量比较的结果表明,蟾蜍皮肤中抗菌活性肽的含量较高,是理想的抗菌肽提出和纯化的源材料.     

蜘蛛抗菌肽研究进展

蜘蛛活性多肽研究主要集中于蜘蛛毒液中作用于离子通道的神经毒素多肽。但近年来,一些蜘蛛抗菌肽不断被分离纯化,其结构和抗菌活性也被广泛深入研究,这将成为蜘蛛活性多肽研究领域的一个新热点。在蜘蛛毒液和血液中,存在不同种类的抗菌肽,其多肽长度、结构、抗菌作用各不相同。而且,有些抗菌肽甚至具有抗肿瘤作用。概述了蜘蛛抗菌肽在结构和功能方面的研究进展。     

纳豆中抗氧化肽的分离纯化与活性研究

从发酵的纳豆中提取具有抗氧化活性的多肽,通过分子筛层析和反相高效液相色谱对纳豆上清液进行分离纯化,并采用电喷雾串联质谱进行结构鉴定.结果表明:纳豆发酵后的蛋白(多肽)混合物经Sephadex G-50凝胶色谱进行分离纯化后得到3个组分(F1、F2和F3),其中组分F3的抗氧化活性最强,总还原力达到(8.4±0.6)mm...     

人 LAK 细胞免疫效应分子 HMGN2 的鉴定

为分离纯化人淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞(LAK)小分子抗菌多肽,应用制备尿素-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术和反向高效液相色谱技术分离纯化人LAK细胞酸溶性提取物,纯化出一个具抗菌活性的多肽HLP-3p21.蛋白质N端氨基酸测序、质谱精确分子质量测定、蛋白质印迹分析证明HLP-3p21为HMGN2.最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)试验证明HMGN2有抗大肠杆菌ML-35p氨苄青霉素耐药株、铜绿假单胞菌ATCC27853、白色念珠菌ATCC 10231活性,无抗金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923活性.制备HMGN2多克隆抗体,应用免疫荧光化学、酶联免疫吸附测定和蛋白质印迹方法对HMGN2进行定位分析,证明单个核细胞经IL-2刺激成为LAK细胞时部分HMGN2由胞核转移至胞浆,进而分泌到胞外.提示HMGN2是LAK细胞一个新的免疫效应分子.     

化学合成ω-芋螺毒素MⅦA的复性与质谱分析

为了探讨质谱分析在合成多肽氧化复性和分离纯化研究中的应用,用固相多肽合成方法合成ω－芋螺毒素MⅦA,在含谷胱甘肽的缓冲体系中进行氧化复性后,经离子交换和RP－HPLC分离纯化。利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI－TOF－MS）和电喷雾串联质谱（ESI－MS／MS）分析ω－芋螺毒素MⅦA氧化复性和分离纯化的效果,最后用电生理学实验测定复性ω－芋螺毒素MⅦA的生理活性。其结果表明,获得的ω－芋螺毒纱MⅦA纯化复性样品具有与天然ω－芋螺毒素MⅦ完全相同的空间构象和生理活性。     

坛紫菜（Porphyra Haitanensis）中抑菌活性肽的制备与初步纯化

目的:提取坛紫菜中水溶性蛋白,并对其进行初步纯化和抑菌活性影响因素研究。方法:坛紫菜水溶性蛋白胃蛋白酶在37℃、pH1.8条件下酶解3h,再经超滤、Bio-Gel P-10和DEAE Sephadex A-50层析纯化步骤得到一定分子量范围的多肽混合物。采用平板打孔法和对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用,跟踪测定活性多肽纯化过程及其活性影响因素。结果:SDS-PAGE测定结果表明该抗菌多肽分子量介于43.0KD~66.2KD之间。它对金黄色葡萄球菌生长的抑制作用随着温度的升高逐渐减弱,5%EDTA、5%柠檬酸、5%维生素C及25%二甲基亚砜对它的抑菌活性有协同作用,而5%维生素E则对它的抑菌活性有拮抗作用。结论:从坛子菜水溶性蛋白中初步纯化得到的分子量介于43.0KD~66.2KD的多肽,对金黄色葡萄球菌的生长有明显地抑制作用,并且它的抑菌活性受到温度,部分有机酸和维生素的影响。     

坛紫菜（Porphyra Haitanensis）中抑菌活性肽的制备与初步纯化

目的：提取坛紫菜中水溶性蛋白,并对其进行初步纯化和抑菌活性影响因素研究。方法：坛紫菜水溶性蛋白胃蛋白酶在37℃、pH1.8条件下酶解3h,再经超滤、Bio-Gel P-10和DEAE Sephadex A-50层析纯化步骤得到一定分子量范围的多肽混合物。采用平板打孔法和对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用,跟踪测定活性多肽纯化过程及其活性影响因素。结果：SDS-PAGE测定结果表明该抗菌多肽分子量介于43.0KD~66.2KD之间。它对金黄色葡萄球菌生长的抑制作用随着温度的升高逐渐减弱,5%EDTA、5%柠檬酸、5%维生素C及25%二甲基亚砜对它的抑菌活性有协同作用,而5%维生素E则对它的抑菌活性有拮抗作用。结论：从坛子菜水溶性蛋白中初步纯化得到的分子量介于43.0KD~66.2KD的多肽,对金黄色葡萄球菌的生长有明显地抑制作用,并且它的抑菌活性受到温度,部分有机酸和维生素的影响。     

一种羊肚菌源多肽MIP-16的分离纯化及其神经保护活性

分离纯化人工栽培的梯棱羊肚菌子实体多肽(MIP-16),对其结构和神经保护活性进行研究。采用磷酸盐缓冲液提取,分子排阻色谱分离,反相高效液相色谱纯化获得梯棱羊肚菌子实体多肽,通过液相色谱-质谱连用技术完成氨基酸序列鉴定。构建6-羟基多巴胺处理后引起凋亡的PC12细胞模型,验证MIP-16对PC12细胞的保护作用。结果显示:MIP-16由16个氨基酸组成,相对分子质量为1 762 Da,氨基酸组成序列为Thr-Ile-Thr-Leu-Glu-Val-Glu-Ser-Ser-Asn-Ile-Thr-Asn-Asp-Val-Lys。细胞实验发现,MIP-16能够抑制PC12细胞丙二醛(MDA)产生,降低活性氧(ROS)水平,调节Bcl-2和Bax的比例,并降低Caspase蛋白的表达。MIP-16通过细胞线粒体途径抑制PC12细胞凋亡,具有神经保护活性,可作为一种辅助治疗帕金森综合症的药物开发。     

Engineering proteins for purification.

Over the past decade, a new protein purification technique has emerged as a result of recombinant DNA technology. DNA, encoding additional polypeptide or protein tags, is fused to the gene of interest. Expression of these gene fusions results in protein fusions which may be purified by techniques using the properties of the additional polypeptide tag. This has eliminated the need for extensive screening and optimization procedures previously required for purification.     

纳豆激酶集成化分离技术

综述了纳豆激酶的分离纯化技术的研究现状和发展趋势。通过对常规分离技术的分析,重点讨论了集成化分离技术的应用及其优势,包括集成化双水相分配技术、扩张床吸附技术以及耐盐性混合模式吸附技术等分离方法。并指出集成化分离技术在生产纳豆激酶以及其他活性蛋白方面,具有广阔的应用前景。     

反相色谱在重组多肽精细纯化中的应用

反相色谱因其高分辨率在蛋白质、多肽及其他有机分子的高效液相色谱分析中被广泛使用,特别在基因工程多肽类药物的精细化中起着难以替代的作用。采用反相色谱进行两种重组多肽的精细纯化,获得了好的分离效果。     

蛋白质纯化技术研究进展

蛋白质组学研究的基础就是蛋白质的分离。对于天然蛋白来说,可能需要一系列的纯化步骤才能获得纯度满足研究要求的蛋白质,但是蛋白质在分离过程中常常由于溶液环境变化或外力作用造成构象变化而引起失活。本文首先介绍了常用的蛋白质分离纯化技术及其研究进展,包括膜分离技术、沉淀分离技术、电泳分离技术以及层析分离技术等常用的蛋白质纯化技术,总结了现有技术存在的问题,并对近年来发展的新型蛋白质分离技术--非对称流场流分离技术进行了介绍和展望。     

Parametric study of a 6-column countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) unit

The novel "multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification" (MCSGP) process has been modeled for the purification of a polypeptide mixture characterized by a strong non-linear competitive adsorption isotherm. As a model system, the purification of an industrial polypeptide mixture containing 46% of the hormone calcitonin has been selected. The many impurities contained in the mixture have been lumped into three key impurities, which are selected as the ones eluting closer to the main component. The simulation model allows for a better understanding of the complex operating behavior of the multicolumn system, which has been experimentally investigated in a previous work. Through a systematic parametric analyses of the model behavior, the main operating parameters controlling the process performance in terms of purity and yield are investigated. The study of internal liquid and adsorbed phase concentration profiles along the unit for the different operating conditions allow elucidating the working principle of the new separation process. It is found that the MCSGP unit achieves much higher yields for a given product purity than the corresponding single-column batch units.     

基因重组胰高血糖素样肽-1衍生多肽的表达和产物纯化与鉴定

为研究利用基因重组方法生产人胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）衍生多肽的最佳表达及纯化条件,选用大肠杆菌偏爱密码子,以含人GLP-1的质粒为模板,用PCR方法合成全长人GLP-1衍生多肽基因,并定向插入到高效表达载体pMFH中,用大肠杆菌BL21进行表达,融合蛋白经Ni-NTA柱纯化后,用C18 Sep-Pak 反相柱脱盐,然后融合蛋白经甲酸水解,水解产物经Ni-NTA柱和高效液相色谱（HPLC）纯化制备后,目的肽由质谱鉴定。 实验结果表明：利用载体pMFH在BL21中,GLP-1衍生物的最佳诱导表达温度为37℃、诱导剂异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）的最佳浓度为0.6mmol/L,最佳诱导表达时间为6h;HPLC分析和制备GLP-1衍生物最佳条件为：流动相A(10% CNCH3∶90% H2O,0.1％TFA),流动相B(100% CNCH3,0.1% TFA),流速1ml／min,30 min线性梯度洗脱,B相至70%,检测波长280nm;质谱鉴定GLP-1衍生物的分子量为5.492kDa,与理论值相符合。在最佳表达及纯化条件下可得GLP-1衍生多肽的产量可达到11.6mg/L发酵产物,纯度≥98%。     

Intermediates in adenovirus assembly.

Three intermediates in adenovirus assembly have been defined; nuclear intermediates, young virions, and mature virions. The nuclear intermediates are fragile and heterogenous in size (550S-670S) and withstand separation on ficoll gradients but fall apart upon CsCl gradient centrifugation unless prefixed with glutaraldehyde. They contain both capsid and core structures, and the core structures are preferentially released during purification in CsCl. The precursor polypeptides pVI and pVII are present in the intermediates without any corresponding mature polypeptide. The young virions (Ishibashi and Maizel, 1974) are stable and preferentially confined to the nuclei after cell fractionation. They contain both uncleaved precursor polypeptides and their cleavage products. The mature virions accumulate in the cytoplasm during cell fractionation and contain the final mature polypeptides. Pulse-chase labeling kinetics, focusing on the precursor polypeptides, suggest that these three classes participate in assembly of adenovirus. Tryptic peptide maps establish that polypeptide pVI is the precursor of polypeptide VI, but only a small fraction of polypeptide 26K can in vivo account for polypeptide VIII.     

Preparation of polypeptide subunits of cytochrome oxidase from Neurospora crassa.

Cytochrome oxidase was purified from Neurospora crassa by ammonium sulfate fractionation in the presence of bile salts. The enzyme preparations contained 10-13 nmol of heme a per mg of protein; no other hemoproteins could be detected. Dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis resolved the enzyme complex into seven major bands, representing seven polypeptide subunits. A procedure is described that allows the isolation of these enzyme subunits on a large scale starting from a single batch of oxidase preparation. It involves dissociation of the enzyme complex by dodecylsulfate and subsequent separation of the obtained polypeptides by chromatography in the presence of various dodecylsulfate concentrations. Purification of subunits 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 was achieved by column chromatography using molecular sieves (Sephadex G-100, Bio Gel P-60) and hydroxylapatite. For the purification of subunits 1 and 2 an electrophoretic separation on a preparative polyacrylamide gel was required. The advantages and disadvantages of the separation procedure of the enzyme polypeptides are discussed. As a special point of interest, the conservation of antigenic determinants of the polypeptide chains during the dodecylsulfate treatment is considered.     

Immunochemical analysis of molecular forms of mammalian DNA ligases I and II

Using specific antibodies against calf thymus DNA ligases I and II (EC 6.5.1.1), we have investigated the polypeptide structures of DNA ligases I and II present in the impure enzyme preparations, and estimated the polypeptides of DNA ligases I and II present in vivo. Immunoblot analysis of DNA ligase I after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a 130-kDa polypeptide as a major one in the enzyme preparations from calf thymus throughout the purification. In addition to the 130-kDa polypeptide, a 200-kDa polypeptide was detected in the enzyme preparations at the earlier steps of the purification, and a 90-kDa polypeptide was observed as a minor one in the enzyme preparations at the later steps of the purification. The polypeptides with molecular weight of 130 000 and 90 000 were detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of DNA ligase I-[3H]AMP complex. These results suggest that a 200-kDa polypeptide of DNA ligase I present in vivo is degraded to a 130-kDa polypeptide and then to a 90-kDa polypeptide during the isolation and purification procedures. On the other hand, the monospecific antibody against calf thymus DNA ligase II cross-reacted with only a 68 kDa polypeptide in the enzyme preparations throughout the purification, suggesting that the 68-kDa polypeptide is a single form of calf thymus DNA ligase II present in vivo as well as in vitro.