广西药用野生稻资源调查收集与保护建议

广西药用野生稻原生地破坏十分严重。二十世纪七十年代普查时在58个公社分布有药用野生稻,2002-2009年重新调查时,仅在43个乡镇发现分布有药用野生稻,比二十世纪七十年代减少25.9%。为确保广西药用野生稻资源的安全,共抢救性收集了170个居群、2142份药用野生稻资源,有效地保存了广西药用野生稻种质资源遗传多样性和完整性。同时,在调查中还发现药用野生稻原生地新的分布点15个以及植株高达5.2m、茎秆高位分蘖有3-4个分枝和半卷叶药用野生稻等特殊种质资源。根据调查结果和对广西药用野生稻濒危状况及其根源的分析,本文对未来药用野生稻的保护提出了建议。     

珍稀药用石斛内生菌研究进展

药用石斛是我国传统名贵中药材,具有重要的药用价值,由于人为和环境等因素,药用石斛资源已变得极其匮乏,难以满足市场的需求。药用石斛内生菌资源丰富,在与宿主石斛长期共生的过程中,对药用石斛的生长发育、环境的适应、活性代谢产物的积累等方面具有很强的促进作用。深入研究药用石斛内生菌及其与宿主的关系,对药用石斛生产、资源保护与利用有着重要意义。本文简要概述了药用石斛内生菌资源及其生物学功能,并探讨了存在的问题和未来发展方向,以期为药用石斛内生菌的开发与利用提供参考。     

绿药宝库——药用植物园

我国专业性的药用植物园（包括医学院校的药圃）有15个左右，整体数量比世界其他国家的要多，规模也较大。特别是广西药用植物园、贵阳药用植物园、四川药用植物园保存药用活植物物种都在2000种以上。     

药用植物的结构、发育与其主要药用成分积累关系的研究

药用植物防病治病的基础是含有药用化学成分,这些药用成分都贮存在它们的药用部分(根、茎、树皮、叶、花、果实或种子等)内.为此,研究药用植物的结构、发育与其主要药用成分积累的关系,具有重要的理论和实践意义.应用植物解剖学、组织化学和植物化学等技术相结合的方法,先后研究和阐明了西洋参、金丝桃属和芦荟属植物、绞股蓝、盾叶薯蓣、青藤和毛青藤以及地黄等药用植物的主要药用化学成分在药用部分中积累的部位、贮存结构的特点,在植物不同生长发育时期中药用成分含量的变化规律以及同属不同种植物的结构与药用成分积累的关系.研究结果为药用植物的合理采收、制定植物药材的SOP、GAP,以及药用植物资源的开发利用和保护提供了科学依据.     

江西官山自然保护区药用植物资源

对江西官山自然保护区药用植物调查显示,该地区共有药用植物1378种,其中,药用藻类4种,药用真菌26种,药用地衣5种,药用苔藓36种,药用蕨类93种,药用种子植物642种,常用中药210种,药用珍稀濒危植物94种,药用观赏植物124种,农兽药植物127种。此外,还发现9种江西地理记录新分布,并介绍了药用植物资源合理利用的概况。     

植物来源药用天然产物的合成生物学研究进展

大多数药用天然产物在植物中含量低微,提取分离困难;而且这些化合物一般结构复杂,化学合成难度大,还容易造成环境污染。基于合成生物学技术获得药用天然产物具有绿色环保和可持续发展等优点。文中以药用萜类化合物人参皂苷、紫杉醇、青蒿素、丹参酮,生物碱类化合物长春新碱、吗啡以及黄酮类化合物灯盏花素为例,总结了植物来源药用萜类、生物碱类和黄酮类化合物的生物合成途径及合成生物学研究进展,介绍了药用天然产物合成生物学研究的关键技术与方法,并展望了合成生物学技术在药用天然产物研究与开发方面的应用前景。     

禄丰樟木箐州级自然保护区药用维管植物资源多样性分析

目的:为掌握禄丰樟木箐州级自然保护区的药用维管植物资源现状及其组成特点,提高对保护区植物资源的就地保护和合理利用水平.方法:基于20余年积累的数据,编制保护区药用维管植物资源数据库,对科属种特征、生活型组成、药用部位、药用功效等进行分析.结果:(1)樟木箐自然保护区药用维管植物共有158科462属741种.少种科的科数...     

新疆药用乌头的民族植物学

本文对新疆乌头属药用植物在哈萨克民族中的应用进行调查,基本弄清乌头属的药用部位、民间药用方法,并对乌头属药用资源的开发应用进行探讨.     

江西药用蛇类资源及养殖现状调查研究

目的调查江西药用蛇类资源的种类、分布及养殖企业的现状,提出药用蛇类资源保护及利用建议。方法根据江西蛇类资源文献的整理和药材市场的调查,研究江西药用蛇类的种类和分布;通过走访调查以及野生动物管理部门驯养繁殖资料的整理,了解江西养殖药用蛇类企业的养殖现状。结果江西全省分布有蛇类69种,其中31种具有药用价值,养殖较为广泛的有乌梢蛇(Zaocys dhumnades)、银环蛇(Bungarus multicinctus)、尖吻蝮(Deinagkistrodon acutus)、王锦蛇(Elaphe carinata)和滑鼠蛇(Ptyas mucosus)等,药用蛇类养殖企业有38家,养殖的药用蛇类种类达12种。结论江西药用蛇类资源分布广泛,药用蛇类养殖企业驯养繁殖技术滞后,建议加强药用蛇类的野外资源保护、驯养繁殖及综合利用的研究。     

金钗石斛研究概况(综述)

本文综述珍贵药用和观赏植物金钗石斛的植物学特征、栽培技术、药材特性、药用有效成分、药理作用及市场前景。     

宁夏水资源利用中的生态经济问题

宁夏地处我国西北内陆,属大陆性气候,具有雨雪稀少,气候干燥,日照充足,风大沙多的特点。地形以山地、高原为主。地势南高北低,自北向南为贺兰山地、宁夏平原、鄂尔多斯高原、黄土高原、六盘山地等。河流均属黄河水系,主要河流有黄河、清水河、苦水河、葫芦河、祖厉河、泾河等。由于宁夏具引黄河水灌溉之便利,因而素以“塞上江南”而名蜚中外。     

我国中越边境地区有毒植物资源的调查研究

对中越边境地区有毒植物资源进行了调查研究,列出了主要的有毒植物的名单及其有毒部位、学名、中文名、科名、习性和毒性,并在此基础上对该地区有毒植物资源进行了总体评价。此外,还提出了因地制宜开发利用该地区丰富的有毒植物资源的建议。     

Assessing the floodwater utilization potential in a reservoir-controlled watershed: A novel method considering engineering regulations and an empirical case from China

Floodwater utilization can greatly alleviate water resource shortages. Reservoirs and their optimal operation are the most widely used measures to implement floodwater utilization. Quantitatively evaluating the floodwater utilization potential and revealing the relationship between the potential and its influencing factors are preconditions to implementing floodwater utilization; however, few studies have focused on this problem. In this study, we identified the influencing factors via the analysis of reservoir regulation and proposed a floodwater utilization potential evaluation method that considers all influencing factors. The results indicate that reservoir regulation ability, water demand, and ecological water downstream are the main influencing factors of floodwater utilization potential. The floodwater utilization potential decreases as the water demand or reservoir regulation ability increases. Moreover, water demand and reservoir regulation ability are interdependent and interactive to a certain extent. Specifically, reservoir regulation ability can affect only the floodwater utilization potential when the water demand is extremely high. Based on a time-varying operation model, we also evaluated the floodwater utilization potentials of the Longjiaoshan Reservoir (China) under different floodwater utilization statuses. The average annual floodwater utilization potential of the Longjiaoshan Reservoir watershed is 43.06 million m³ under the current floodwater utilization status, and the optimal floodwater utilization strategy is increasing the water demand under the current reservoir regulation ability. This study may contribute to the improved management of flood utilization in such reservoirs.     

Two substrate binding sites in ascorbate peroxidase: the role of arginine 172

Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to probe the role of Arg172 in ascorbate utilization by ascorbate peroxidase. Arg172 was changed to lysine, glutamine, and asparagine. Although each of these variants retains the ability to utilize guaiacol as a reductant, they exhibit large decreases in their steady-state rates of ascorbate utilization. Spectroscopic, steady-state, and transient-state experiments indicate that these variant proteins are capable of reacting with hydrogen peroxide to form Compound I, but their ability to oxidize ascorbate to form Compound II, and subsequently the resting state, is severely impeded. Results are presented which highlight the importance of Arg172, and a model is proposed to explain its role in ascorbate utilization.     

Determination of substrate utilization patterns of soil microbial communities: An approach to assess population changes after hydrocarbon pollution

Abstract: Changes in hydrocarbon content in soils resulted in characteristic shifts of the substrate utilization patterns as tested with the Biolog system. The altered patterns of substrate utilization corresponded to similar changes in abundance of hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria and the occurrence of specific bacterial groups in the soils. Substrate utilization patterns as recorded with the Biolog system are suitable for rapidly assessing dynamics of autochthonous soil communities and evaluating their biodegradative potential.     

云南食用菌资源应用开发前景与展望

从栽培食用菌和野生食用菌两方面综述了云南食用菌的资源状况 ,通过对云南食用菌研究、开发现状的总结 ,就其存在的问题提出了相应的建议。简述了食用菌资源在云南应用开发中的广阔前景 ,并提出可持续利用发展的战略。     

Coexistence of similar species: evidence of a resource and microhabitat sharing in two intertidal hermit crab species

Hydrobiologia - Theory predicts that species can only coexist if they are sufficiently different in their resource and/or microhabitat utilization; if their needs are too similar, the stronger...     

广东榕属观赏植物资源及其开发利用

本文报道广东省榕属植物概况,介绍30种观赏价值较高的榕属植物的分布、观赏特性及园林用途,并提出保护和开发利用建议。     

Wood species utilization for timber constructions in the Czech lands over the period 1400–1900

Longstanding demographic growth accompanied by rising settlement activities and development of industry led to an increasing demand on utilization of wood. Tree species were selected for their specific properties. As a consequence of regional differences of forest species composition, wood has become an extremely important trade commodity. Therefore, the utilization of individual species could substantially change in space and time. In this study, we use 8´135 precisely dated timber constructions from a dendrochronological database to investigate spatio-temporal changes in wood utilization across the Czech lands from the 15th to the 19th century. Our results suggest that the utilization of individual species in historical timber constructions was primarily limited by their availability. Species selection was also based on wood properties and stem geometry. Most of historical constructions (99.7%), represented mainly by roofs and ceilings, are made of fir, spruce, pine, and oak. While fir constructions prevail in eastern Moravia and Silesia, spruce constructions are largely spread across the western and central part of the Czech Republic. Pine and oak constructions reflect natural occurrence of such forests in lower elevated central Bohemia and southern Moravia. Although fir prevailed in timber construction in the late-Medieval and post-Medieval times, planting of spruce monocultures resulted in its significantly increased utilization by the end of the 19th century. This study demonstrates the value of dendrochronological databases as an indicator of historical wood utilization.