湖北双星藻科植物的若干新种

本文报道了在湖北地区采集、发现的双星藻科植物的18个新种、3个新变种。       

湖北双星藻科植物的若干新种

本文报道了在湖北地区采集、发现的双星藻科植物的18个新种、3个新变种。     

世界维管植物新分类群2021年年度报告

2021年全球共发表维管植物新分类群2,219个, 包括新亚科1个、新族7个、新亚族7个、新属68个、新亚属7个、新组15个、新亚组8个、新系10个、新种1,979个、新亚种46个、新变种59个和新变型12个; 这些新分类群隶属于185科881属, 兰科、菊科和茜草科是本年度最受关注的类群。2,219个维管植物新分类群由来自全球的1,942位学者发表在165个期刊和14部专著中, 其中有42位作者发表了11个以上的新分类群。值得关注的是, Phytotaxa和PhytoKeys是2021年发表维管植物新分类群的主要期刊, 分别发表586个和112个。本年度发表的2,096个新种及种下单元中, 被子植物门1,940个、蕨类植物门147个、裸子植物门9个, 其中兰科植物最多, 共227个。2021年发表的新种及种下单元来自世界115个国家和地区。亚洲和南美洲是新种及种下单元发现的热点地区, 分别发现837个和571个。中国、巴西和马达加斯加是2021年贡献维管植物新种及种下单元最多的前3个国家, 分别发现283、269和169个。考虑到在2021年2月1日之后IPNI对2020年发表的维管植物新种增加了797个, 我们估计在2022年4月16日之后, 各数据库中2021年发表的新种及种下单元会增加700个左右。这将使2021年发表的新种(和种下分类群)数量增加到大约2,800个, 这与2001年以来每年发表的维管植物新种数量相当。     

安徽黄精属的细胞分类学研究

本文首次报道黄精属ＰｏｌｙｇｏｎａｔｕｍＭｉｌｌ我国三种特有植物的染色体数目和核型,结果如下：安徽黄精Ｐ．ａｎｈｕｉｅｎｓｅ发现两个细胞型：（１）２ｎ＝２４＝４ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋１４ｓｔ;（２）２ｎ＝２０＝４ｍ十６ｓｍ＋１０ｓｔ;　　黄精Ｐ．ｌａｎｇｙａｅｎｓｙ２ｎ＝１８＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋４ｔ;距药黄精Ｐ．ｆｒａｎｃｈｅｔｉｉ有三个细胞型：（１）２ｎ＝２２＝８ｍ＋８ｓｍ（２ｓｃ）＋６ｓｔ;（２）２ｎ＝２０＝２ｍ＋１４ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ;（３）２ｎ＝１８＝４ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ＋２Ｔ,全部属３Ｂ核型。黄精属植物安徽共有１０种,本文对９种黄精的染色体数目、核型进行了比较研究,发现它们可划分成三个类群,与中国植物志（第十五卷）的形态分类基本相符。     

南极乔治王岛燕鸥湖晚第四纪硅藻（Ⅰ）：Coscinodiscales

南极乔治王岛燕鸥湖Ａ孔岩芯长７．７ｍ,其中发现有丰富的淡水及海相硅藻植物群。本文仅涉及该孔海相地层中的Ｃｏｓｃｉｎｏｄｉｓｃａｌｅｓ硅藻植物群的系统分类及其古环境意义。系统描述１４种和２变种（其中１个为新变种）,分属７属,５科,另有１种硅鞭藻。该植物群为南大洋中常见的浅海类型,它们对于指示南大洋水体的波动及古气候变化具有一定意义。     

云南马先蒿属新资料

在对云南西北部马先蒿属（Ｐｅｄｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓ Ｌ．）进行专题野外调查以及查阅《云南种子植物名录》（下册）（吴征镒, １９８４）,《中国植物志》第 ６８卷（钟补求, １９６３）和《Ｆｌｏｒａ ｏｆＣｈｉｎａ》第 １８卷（Ｙａｎｇ等, １９９８）云南马先蒿属植物的基础上,作者发现了 ４个种在云南的地理分布新记录,一个新变型,一个新亚种,同时发现一个裸名也一并给予合格化。 峨眉马先篙分布新记录 Ｐｅｄｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓ　ｏｍｉｉａｎａ　Ｂｏｎａｔｉ,ｉｎ　Ｂｕｌｌ．Ｓｏｃ．Ｂｏｔ．Ｆｒａｎｃｅ　５４：１８４．１…     

浙江凤阳山自然保护区种子植物区系的统计分析

在野外调查和分类处理的基础上,报道了浙江凤阳山种子植物区系的统计分析结果。现知凤阳山有种子植物１６４科、６５９属、１４８８种（含种下分类群）。科、属、种的分布区类型分析表明：科的分布区类型以泛热带分布最多（４０．９％）,其次是世界分布（２０．７％）和北温带分布（１９．５％）,温带分布少于热带分布（４７：８１）;属的分布区类型以泛热带分布最多（２０．５％）,其次是北温带分布（１８．０％）和东亚分布     

我国地方植物志出版情况简介(五)

本文继《广西植物》等１６卷第４期３３８页（１９９６）刊登我国地方植物志出版情况简介之后,根据最近收集的资料将我国地方植物志最近出版的信息简介如下：１－《黑龙江植物志》第４卷（１９９２）。该卷含双子叶植物胡桃目至中央种子目;第５卷（１９９３）,含木兰目至罂粟目;第１１卷（１９９３）,含单子叶植物佛焰苞目至微子目。该志划计出１１卷,前三卷分别的苔纲、藓组和蕨类植物、裸子植物,后八卷为被子植物,被子植物依据恩格勒系统（１９６４年版）。２－《云南植物志》第７卷（１９９７）。该卷含小檗科、星叶草科、粟米草…     

北京松山国家级自然保护区野生种子植物分布及物种组成分析

采取踏查、样方和样线相结合的方法,调查了北京松山国家级自然保护区内野生种子植物的分布状况,并对其种类组成和分布区类型进行了分析。调查结果显示：该保护区内共有野生种子植物92科382属721种,其中,裸子植物3科4属5种、被子植物89科378属716种;被子植物中包含双子叶植物78科298属569种和单子叶植物11科80属147种。含20种或20种以上的科有7个,包含的属、种数量均占该保护区野生种子植物属、种总数的40%以上,优势科现象明显;含1种和含2-4种的属分别有235和128个,具有绝对优势。该保护区野生种子植物科的分布区类型可分为8个,除世界广布科外,以泛热带分布型科和北温带分布型科为主;属的分布区类型可分为15个,以北温带分布型属为主,热带性质属与温带性质属的数量比为0.20。该保护区内有国家重点保护野生植物2种、北京市重点保护野生植物52种,其中包含兰科（Orchidaceae）植物14属18种以及数量极少的丁香叶忍冬（LoniceraoblataK.S.HaoexP.S.HsuetH.J.Wang）和北京市特有植物北京水毛茛（BatrachiumpekinenseL.Liou）;该保护区内还有7种具有入侵倾向的外来植物。此外,还有北京新记录植物3种,分别为柳叶野豌豆也Viciavenosa（Willd.exLink）Maxim.页、北方红门兰（OrchisroborowskiiMaxim.）和廻旋扁蕾也Gentianopsiscontorta（Royle）Ma页。研究结果表明：该保护区的野生种子植物区系具有典型的温带性质并有一定的过渡性。     

中国宁夏产盐生肉苁蓉一新变种

内苁蓉属Ｃｉｓｔａｎｃｈｅ为列当科Ｏｒｏｂａｎｃｈａｃｅａｅ寄生植物,是补肾壮阳常用中药之一。近年来由于大量采挖,资源濒于枯竭,为国家二级保护植物之一。作者对我国肉苁蓉属植物资源进行了详细的调查,对采集的植物标本进行了分类研究,鉴定出肉苁蓉属植物４种,即肉苁蓉ＣｉｓｔａｎｃｈｅｄｅｓｅｒｔｉｃｏｌａＭａ、盐生肉苁潜Ｃ．ｓａｌｓａ（Ｃ．Ａ．Ｍｅｙ．）Ｇ．Ｂｅｃｋ、沙苁蓉Ｃ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＧ．Ｂｅｃｋ和管花肉苁Ｃ．ｔｕｂｕｌｏｓａ（Ｓｃｈｅｎｋ．）Ｒ．Ｗｉｇｈｔ,并发现１新变种白花盐苁蓉Ｃ．ｓａｌｓａｖａｒ．ａｌｂｉｆｌｏｒａＰ．Ｆ．ＴｕｅｔＺ．Ｃ．Ｌｏｕ,ｖａｒ．ｎｏｖ,搞清了我国肉苁蓉属植物的种类和资源。本文报道此新变种的形态特征。     

Citation decay in animal science

The half-life of literature in animal science is about 5–6 years, which is short in comparison to many other fields of scientific research. Only about 10% of the citations in animal-science articles refer to articles which were published more than 20 years before the appearance of the papers which cite them. Probably only a small proportion of the older works cited deserve to be called classics. Historical reviews of literature in scientific specialisations are likely to recover many still useful data and ideas.     

Scientific Theory and Agricultural Practice: Plant Breeding in Germany from the Late 19th to the Early 20th Century

The paper deals with the transformation of plant breeding from an agricultural practice into an applied academic science in the late 19th and early 20th centuries Germany. The aim is to contribute to the ongoing debate about the relationship between science and technology. After a brief discussion of this debate the first part of the paper examines how pioneers of plant breeding developed their breeding methods and commercially successful varieties. The focus here is on the role of scientific concepts and theories in the agricultural innovation process. The second part turns towards the strategies by which agronomists tried to establish plant breeding as an academic discipline and themselves as the new experts for breeding research and varietal development. Again, the focus is on the interplay of scientific theory and agricultural practice. It is argued that in order to better understand the transformation of plant breeding into an applied academic science we have to take different levels into account, i.e. the levels of organizations, individuals and objects, at which science and technology interact.     

Research funding, partnership and strategy - a UK perspective

In July 2004, the UK government published a 10-year science and innovation framework aimed at providing a more strategic, partnership-based approach to delivering science. With the aim of creating a UK society that is confident about the governance, regulation and use of science and technology, how can we sustain or increase the supply of money for research, how should funding agencies dispense money, and how can we optimize the partnership arrangements for the funding of research?     

Research Blogging: Indexing and Registering the Change in Science 2.0

Increasing public interest in science information in a digital and 2.0 science era promotes a dramatically, rapid and deep change in science itself. The emergence and expansion of new technologies and internet-based tools is leading to new means to improve scientific methodology and communication, assessment, promotion and certification. It allows methods of acquisition, manipulation and storage, generating vast quantities of data that can further facilitate the research process. It also improves access to scientific results through information sharing and discussion. Content previously restricted only to specialists is now available to a wider audience. This context requires new management systems to make scientific knowledge more accessible and useable, including new measures to evaluate the reach of scientific information. The new science and research quality measures are strongly related to the new online technologies and services based in social media. Tools such as blogs, social bookmarks and online reference managers, Twitter and others offer alternative, transparent and more comprehensive information about the active interest, usage and reach of scientific publications. Another of these new filters is the Research Blogging platform, which was created in 2007 and now has over 1,230 active blogs, with over 26,960 entries posted about peer-reviewed research on subjects ranging from Anthropology to Zoology. This study takes a closer look at RB, in order to get insights into its contribution to the rapidly changing landscape of scientific communication.     

2017合成生物学专刊序言

近10年来,合成生物学的发展受到广泛关注。为了集中报道本领域的最新研究进展,特组织出版了此合成生物学专刊。本专刊分3个栏目:科学意义、新技术新方法和应用领域,重点介绍了合成生物学的科学内涵、技术方法进步及合成生物学在医学、药物、农业、材料、环境和能源等领域的应用前景。     

中国菌物名录数据库在大型真菌红色名录编制中的作用

长期以来, 分类学的研究成果主要以平面的方式发表在各种纸质文献资料中。近年来, 随着计算机和人工智能等新兴技术的发展和应用, 平面资料信息的数字化成为一种趋势, 世界各国都非常重视本国生物资源信息的收集汇总, 构建了多种数据库, 为科学研究、政府决策、资源保护、合理利用和科学传播提供了重要的信息基础。本研究探索并建立从菌物学平面资料信息构建数据库的流程和方法, 并在中国菌物名录数据库和Index Fungorum所收集数据的基础上进行数据挖掘和分析。通过软件操作和程序设计, 在数据库中提取相关信息, 辅助完成了《中国生物多样性红色名录——大型真菌卷》的编制工作, 同时梳理和规范了菌物拉丁和汉语学名, 为菌物分类研究和资源评估与保护提供基础。     

An Analysis of Citizen Science Based Research: Usage and Publication Patterns

The use of citizen science for scientific discovery relies on the acceptance of this method by the scientific community. Using the Web of Science and Scopus as the source of peer reviewed articles, an analysis of all published articles on “citizen science” confirmed its growth, and found that significant research on methodology and validation techniques preceded the rapid rise of the publications on research outcomes based on citizen science methods. Of considerable interest is the growing number of studies relying on the re-use of collected datasets from past citizen science research projects, which used data from either individual or multiple citizen science projects for new discoveries, such as for climate change research. The extent to which citizen science has been used in scientific discovery demonstrates its importance as a research approach. This broad analysis of peer reviewed papers on citizen science, that included not only citizen science projects, but the theory and methods developed to underpin the research, highlights the breadth and depth of the citizen science approach and encourages cross-fertilization between the different disciplines.     

2016年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2016年中国植物科学持续稳步发展, 表现在中国植物科学家在国际主流高影响力学术期刊发表文章的数量稳中有升, 中国植物科学领域的期刊逆风出行, 进入研究性期刊世界前三甲行列。中国科学家在植物学诸多领域取得了丰硕的成果。水稻(Oryza sativa)产量性状杂种优势的分子遗传机制解析入选2016年中国科学十大进展; 植物受精过程中雌雄配子体信号识别机制的研究和独脚金内酯的受体感知机制入选2016年生命科学十大进展。我国植物科学, 特别是以水稻为代表的作物研究在国际学术界已占有一席之地。例如, 在水稻组学(如基因组和转录组等)资源和技术平台的建立、重测序的开发及功能基因的克隆和调控网络的解析方面取得了系列重要成果(如揭示了独脚金内酯信号转导的“去抑制化激活”机制、从分子水平上阐释了水稻籼粳杂种不育和广亲和性基因S5的作用机理及发现了控制水稻耐冷的基因组位点), 已经引领世界水稻乃至作物科学研究。该文对2016年中国本土植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究进展进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和研究热点, 与读者共享我国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

Nutritional studies in Croatia--a century of research

This paper is dedicated to the pioneers of nutritional research in Croatia: to Professor Edvin Ferber, Professor Hubert Maver and Professor Ratko Buzina, to whom we owe exceptional contribution in the development of science of nutrition, as well as for many scientific publications from the fifties to the eighties in the 20th century, leaving us great information about nutritional state in Croatian population. The paper brings a review of nuitritional research in Croatia with an emphasis on history of research and papers published in Collegium Antropologicum. Since first publications on the subject, a number of institutions and scholars participated in numerous research projects which resulted in a vast number of published papers, depicting a multidisciplinary approach to the subject. In addition, the results of 44 analyses that have been a part of doctoral (18) and master's research (26) are discussed.