中国蠓科昆虫(双翅目)区系分布概况

至今已查知全国共有蠓类4亚科39属1011种。叙述了我国各省区已知蠓类及其区系分布概况,鄂豫交界地带是东洋界和古北界蠓类种群的交汇带。吸血蠓类中,细蠓多见于西北荒漠地区,蠛蠓是南方湿润地区的优势种群。库蠓种类繁杂,南北方各有不同优势种群,北方蠓类群落构成的种群较简单,而优势种突出。南方蠓类群落构成的种群复杂,优势种不很突出。     

淡尾裸蠓新种及其间性体的描述(双翅目:蠓科)

裸蠓属Atrichopogon Kieffer,1906是蠓科(Ceratopogonidae)中较大的属,全世界已知有350余种,隶于4个亚属。中国裸蠓报道甚少,尚不及20种,其中平蠓亚属Psilokempia Enderlein,1936过去中国尚未见记载。1985牟8月于云南省麻粟坡县采获裸蠓属平蠓亚属的一个新种及其间性体。标本藏于作者所在单位标本室。     

中国画眉科鸟类分布格局探讨

中国现有画眉科鸟类122种,隶属于27属,占我国鸟类总种数的9.15%。通过运用GIS技术处理物种分布数据,研究了中国画眉科鸟类的分布格局和多样性中心。中国画眉科鸟类在水平分布上具有不均匀性,省际单元上云南最多(102种),占绝对优势;在动物地理亚区单元上滇南山地亚区分布最多(80种),其次是西南山地亚区(60种)、喜马拉雅亚区(47种);在垂直分布上,则以700～2700m的海拔地带具有最高的物种多样性。中国画眉科鸟类物种多样性最高的地区位于滇南山地亚区与西南山地亚区的交汇地带—横断山区南端。我国画眉科鸟类主要涉及以下3个分布型:东洋型、喜马拉雅-横断山型和南中国型。     

锦鸡儿属植物区系成份分析

锦鸡儿属(Caragana Fabr.)属蝶形花科山羊豆族,是温带亚洲的代表属之一。本文对锦鸡儿属已知种类的区系成份进行了研究,将105种植物共划分为20个分布区类型,其中包括:(1)青藏高原分布;(2)沿喜马拉雅分布;(3)云贵高原分布;(4)云贵高原—华北分布;(5)秦岭山地分布;(6)华北分布;(7)中国东北分布;(8)蒙古高原分布;(9)西伯利亚阿尔泰分布;(10)亚洲中部分布;(11)西亚分布;(12)天山山地分布;(13)帕米尔—阿赖依分布;(14)小亚细亚—里海—哈萨克斯坦分布;(15)准噶尔—哈萨克斯坦分布;16)塔尔巴哈台—准噶尔—蒙古分布;(17)准噶尔特有分布;(18)昆仑山特有分布;(19)黑海—西西伯利亚分布;(20)欧洲—高加索分布。统计结果表明:属青藏高原分布的种类最为丰富,有18种,占总数的17.16％,沿喜马拉雅分布次之,共计12种,占总数的11.45％;再次之是中国华北分布和天山山地分布,均为10种,占总数的9.54％。通过区系分析可以清晰地看出:本属在中国,的分布很广,种类也很多,共计80种,约占全属总数的76.32％。中国特有种也很丰富,共计43种,占全国分布总数的一半以上(53.75％),占本属总数的40.95％。     

四川屏山县鸟类调查报告

屏山县有鸟类206种。褐林蹠为四川省鸟类新记录。五指山横贯境内,介于东经103°55′—104°05′之间,将屏山分为东西两部。西部留鸟种类中属西南山地亚区的21种,占其总数101种的20.8％;东部仅有11.9％(7/59)。东部留鸟种类中属西部山地高原亚区的9种,占其总数的15.3％;西部只有8.9(9/101),因此,西部具西南山地亚区特点,东部具西部山地高原亚区特点。故可认为,五指山是华中区和西南区在屏山境内的分界线。     

中国斑腿蝗科属级阶元区系研究（直翅目：蝗总科）

本文探讨了中国斑腿蝗科属级分布特征和区系组成特点.结果表明:在我国有分布的斑腿蝗科101个属级阶元中,东洋区成分为62属,占已知属总数的61.4%;其次依次为双区属18属,占17.8%;古北属15属,占14.9%;广布属6属,仅占5.9%;有48属为我国特有属,占总数的47.5%.根据其属级阶元在世界各大动物地理区的分布比较发现我国的斑腿蝗科昆虫与非洲共有性较高,两者亲缘关系相对较近.     

西藏阿蠓属两新种(双翅目:蠓科)

本文描述了发现于中国西藏的蠓科阿蠓属昆虫两新种 ,分别命名为钩茎阿蠓 (Alluadomyiarostrata)和双刺阿蠓 (A bispinula)。二新种模式标本保存于军事医学科学院医学昆虫标本馆。     

云南蕨类植物的物种多样性和区系组成

在一定实地调查和分类的基础上,采用统计分析及区系地理分析法,对云南地区蕨类植物进行研究。结果表明:云南地区共有蕨类植物60科193属1 530种(包括变种和变型),科、属、种分别占中国蕨类植物科总数的58.8%,属的83.9%和种的95.2%;在这60个科中含30种以上的有13个,含5个属以上的有11个,分别占该蕨类植物区系属、种数的56.5%和79.2%,特别是鳞毛蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、水龙骨科和金星蕨科,这4个科共拥有70属761种,分别占总属数、总种数的36.3%、49.7%;193属中含30种以上的有11个,分别占总属、总种数的5.7%和41.7%,最具优势的是鳞毛蕨属和耳蕨属、蹄盖蕨属、铁角蕨属、卷柏属,这5个属共有403种,占总种数的26.3%;该区系中无云南特有科,但具有4个亚洲特有科:雨蕨科、稀子蕨科、柄盖蕨科和骨碎补科;该区系以热带、亚热带性质为主,科的区系成分中热带亚热带分布的科占66.6%,热带成分的属有112个,占68.7%(除世界分布类型);该区系是东亚地区蕨类植物区系的重要组成部分,东亚分布31属和中国特有分布6属,分别占总属数(除世界分布属外)的19.0%和3.7%;该地区蕨类植物区系与西藏、台湾具有共同的区系起源和物种分化形成的背景,属的相似性系数约为70%,种的相似性系数约为30%,均起源于热带亚热带地区;属的热带区系成分与温带区系成分所占比例分别为68.7%和27.6%,存在一定的区系过渡性;该区系科的分化强度为3.2,属的分化强度为7.9,在科、属水平上均表现出较强的区系分化特征。     

北洛河流域食蚜蝇科区系分析

依据世界动物地理区划及中国动物地理区划,对北洛河流域的食蚜蝇科昆虫进行区系分析。北洛河流域在动物地理区划上隶属于古北界的华北亚区,该区分布有食蚜蝇科昆虫52种,隶属于2亚科11族29属,其中包括2个中国新纪录种和7个陕西新纪录种。其区系组成特点是：古北界有17种,占总数的32.70%,古北界和东洋界共有种有35种,占总数的67.31%。     

中国铗蠓属辛蠓亚属检索表及其一新种描述(双翅目:蠓科)

记述中国铗蠓属辛蠓亚属一新种香山铗蠓 Forciomyia (Synthyridomyia)xiangshanensis Yu, Liu and Chen,sp. nov.,并列举了中国铗蠓辛蠓亚属名表和中国铗蠓辛蠓亚属雄虫分类检索表.3片模式标本保存在军事医学科学院医学昆虫标本馆内,1片保存在南昌市疾病预防控制中心消杀科.     

On the origin and evolution of the genus Pedicularis L. in Xizang

The present paper is a preliminary research of the taxonomy, evolution, geographical distribution and origin of the species of the Genus Pedicularis L. in Xizang plateau. It may be summed up as follows: 1. There are 108 species of Pedicularis in Xizang, representing about 33% of the total species of the genus known in China. Among these species, there are 35 endemics, about 35.9% of the total species of the genus, this is especially true in Southeastern Xizang. Where there are 82.7% of total species of Xizang and 88% of endemics reported. 2. According to the relationships of the morphology of flower, leaf and evolution, the genus Pedicularis in Southeastern Xizang seems very active in evolution, because there is a wide range of flower types varying from the primitive alternate-toothless and opposite-toothed to the advanced beaked and long-tubed corolla-types. 3. There are almost all morphological types of the pollen, especially, the primitive particular tricolpate type is decidedly dominant, and the species with derived type of bicolpate pollen almost all belong to the beeked, long-tubed type of flowers; therefore, the evolutionary tendency and correlation between two types is very clear. According to above conditions, it may be considered that Southeastern Xizang is the evolutionary centre of the Genus Pedicularis L. 4. Basing upon the floristic-geographical analysis of neighbouring regions, we may consider that the members of genus Pedicularis in Xizang mainly come from the East, i.e. the mountains of the plateau frontier in Western Sichuan and Northwestern Yunnan. Finally, the floral relationships with other regions such as Buthan, Nepal, Xinjiang and Qinghai, Gansu, etc. are not so close, because the species in common are not verymany and usually widely distributed species.     

西藏马鞍菌属小志*

藏东南林区、藏南的亚东林区和藏东的昌都林区等地的马鞍菌属16种,其中有中国新记录种3种,西藏新分布6种,研究标本均保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室(HXZE)。     

色季拉山区高寒山地植物的生态特征

通过野外调查和现有文献资料,分析了色季拉山高寒地带植物的构成特征,结果表明:该区有种子植物33科103属285种,其中双子叶植物有26科77属236种,裸子植物有1科1属4种,中国特有植物125种,占总种数的44.01%,西藏特有植物53种,占18.66%。在整个高山寒带中,草本有239种,占83.86%,其中多年生草本230种。植被区系组成、群落植物生活型和叶的性质等特征总体都反映了植被的温带性质。并阐述了该区高山植物对高山恶劣气候环境相适应的形态结构特征。     

西藏羽藓科植物的地理分布及区系成分的初步分析

关于西藏苔藓植物的研究,过去报道甚少,据有关资料,W.Mitten(1859)整理鉴定了T.Thomson(1847-1849)在西藏西部及其邻近地区所采标本,发表了66种藓类,其中至今仍隶属于或已调入羽藓科的植物计23种,其后尚有E.S.Salmon(1900),V.F.Brotherus(1948,1929)有过报道。     

钱江源国家公园叶附生苔类植物的物种多样性

本文报道钱江源国家公园叶附生苔类植物4科9属19种, 较之前记录增加3科8属17种。与钱江源处于同纬度的我国其他地区相比, 钱江源叶附生苔类植物的种数仅次于西藏墨脱, 排名第二。鳞叶疣鳞苔(Cololejeunea longifolia)和尖叶薄鳞苔(Leptolejeunea subacuta)是钱江源国家公园最常见的2种叶附生苔类植物。丰富的叶附生苔类植物表明钱江源国家公园具有较合适的叶附生苔类植物生长环境, 这可能与该地区长期有效的保护密切相关。     

PANORPIDAE (MECOPTERA) IN XIZANG, CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS NEOPANORPA

Abstract  Three new species of the genus Neopanorpa Weele are described and illustrated from Xizang in China. The previously reported three species from Xizang, Panorpa guttata Navas, P. davidi Navas, and P. stigmalis Navas, are verified to distribute in Sichuan Province, instead of in Xizang. The type specimens are deposited in Northwest Agricultural University and China Agricultural University separately. A key to the Tibetan species of Neopanorpa is provided.     

西藏新蝎蛉属昆虫三新种记述(长翅目:蝎岭科)(英文)

本文记述中国西藏自治区的新蝎蛉属 Ｎｅｏｐａｎｏｒｐａ Ｗｅｅｌｅ昆虫３新种：西藏新蝎岭 Ｎｅｏｐａｎｏｒｐａｔｉｂｅｔｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈｕａ ｅｔ Ｃｈｏｕ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．（正模,西藏通麦, ２０５０ ｍ）,胡氏新蝎蛉 Ｎｅｏｐａｎｏｒｐａ ｈｕｓｈｅｎｇｃｈａｎｇｉＨｕａ ｅｔ Ｃｈｏｕ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．（正模,西藏樟木口岸）,以及李氏新蝎蛉 Ｎｅｏｐａｎｏｒｐａ ｌｉｆａｓｈｅｎｇｉ　ｈｕａ　ｅｔ　Ｃｈｏｕ,ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．（正模：,西藏易贡, ２３００ ｍ）。简述了西藏长翅目的分类历史和现状,证实过去记载所谓的三种西藏蝎蛉（模式产地均为马边）,即Ｐａｎｏｒｐａ　ｇｕｔｔａｔａ　Ｎａｖａｓ,Ｐ．ｄａｖｉｄｉ　Ｎａｖａｓ,和Ｐ．ｓｔｉｇｍａｌｉｓ　Ｎａｖａｓ,实际上均为四川省种类。新种模式标本分别保存在西北农业大学昆虫博物馆和中国农业大学昆虫标本室。     

中国委夜蛾属二新种记述(鳞翅目,夜蛾科,木冬夜蛾亚科)

通过对西藏夜蛾科标本的研究发现委夜蛾属2新种,墨脱委夜蛾Athetis motuoensis sp.nov.和汉密委夜蛾Athetis hanmiensis sp.nov.。文中提供西藏地区委夜蛾属的分种检索表和新种特征图及新种的详细描述。模式标本保存在东北林业大学标本室。墨脱委夜蛾,新种Athetis motuoensis sp.nov.(图1,3,5,7)本种外部形态上与条委夜蛾相似,仅前翅基部、内横线区、外横线区、外缘区和中横线暗褐色。主要区别于外生殖器上:爪形突宽短;抱器端窄而圆;抱器背延伸发达,超过抱器腹缘,末端较细;抱器内突在距抱握器基部3/4处出发,可达抱握器顶端;阳茎轭片脊部短而宽,中部平滑,下端部宽圆;囊形突较窄,略呈V形;阳茎逐渐弯曲,在末端着生有硬化的齿,龙骨稍硬化且细而长;阳茎端膜基囊中等大小,在角状突带的起始部位着生有5个长而粗大的角状突。正模雄性,西藏墨脱,海拔2100m,2005-08-24~26,黄灏、周达康、唐亮采,玻片编号HHL-1012。副模:5♂♂,3♀♀,其它采集资料同正模,雌性玻片编号HHL-1011。词源:以新种模式产地命名。汉密委夜蛾,新种Athetis hanmiensis sp.nov.(图2,4,6,8)本种外部形态上与A.suffusa(Yoshimoto,1994)相似,仅前翅红褐色明显。主要区别于外生殖器上:爪形突相对大一些;抱器端宽而平直;抱器背延伸发达,末端较细,在抱器腹缘末端伸出;抱器内突在距抱握器基部3/5处出发,可达抱握器顶端;阳茎轭片较大,脊部长而宽,中下端部宽圆;囊形突较窄,呈明显的V形;阳茎逐渐变细,龙骨硬化重且细而长;阳茎端膜基囊中等大小,具有1个小角状突,在角状突带的起始部位着生有6个长而粗大的角状突。正模雄性,西藏汉密,海拔2000m,2005-08-19~23,黄灏、周达康、唐亮采,玻片编号HHL-1017。副模:4♂♂,6♀♀,其它采集资料同正模,雌性玻片编号HHL-1016。词源:以新种模式产地命名。     

西藏大团囊菌属及其生态分布

首次报道西藏分布的大团囊菌3个种与1个变种：Elaphoopcesgranulatusvar．granulatus,E.granulatusvar．asperulusE.tuberculatus和E.muricatus,讨论了种间和种内的一些特征分化或变异。其中,E．tuberculatus被确认为新种。这些种类均生于林下土中,与冷杉（Abies）、云杉（Picea）、栎属（Quercus）树种共生形成外生苗根,其垂直分布海拔高度可达3600m,然而西藏分布较广的松林下目前尚未发现该属种类的存在。大团囊菌种类在生态适应性上存在很宽的分布幅度,一般认为该类菌物是属于全球广布的热带、亚热带、温带直至亚高山寒温带均有分布的、典型的地下生生态类群。研究的标本全部保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室（HXZE）。     

The formation and differentiation of the Leguminosae flora in Xizang (Tibet)

Xizang (Tibet) is rich in Leguminosae flora, comprising 41 genera and 254 species so far known, exclusive of the commonly cultivated taxa (including 11 genera and 16 species). There are 4 endemic genera (with 8 species), 10 temperate genera (with 175 species) and 19 tropical genera (with 46 species) as well as the representatives of those genera whose distribution centers are in East Asia-North America, Mediterranean and Central Asia. 1. There are altogether 4 endemic genera of Leguminosae in this region. According to their morphological characters, systematic position and geographical distribution, it would appear that Salweenia and Piptanthus are Tertiary paleo-endemics, while Straceya and Cochlianths are neo-endemics. Salweenia and Piptanthus may be some of more primitive members in the subfamily Papilionasae and their allies are largely distributed in the southern Hemisphere. The other two genera might have been derived from the northern temperate genus Hedysarum and the East Asian-North American genus Apios respectively, because of their morphological resemblance. They probably came into existanc during the uplifting of the Himalayas. 2. An analysis of temperate genera There are twelve temperate genera of Leguminosae in the region, of which the more important elements in composition of flora, is Astragalus, Oxytropis and Caragana. Astragalus is a cosmopolitan genus comprising 2000 species, with its center distribution in Central Asia. 250 species, are from China so far known, in alpine zone of Southwest and Northwest, with 70 species extending farther to the Himalayas and Xizang Plateau. Among them, there are 7 species (10%) common to Central Asia, 12 species (15.7%) to Southwest China and 40 species (60%) are endemic, it indicates that the differentiation of the species of the genus in the region is very active, especially in the subgenus Pogonophace with beards in stigma. 27 species amounting to 78.5% of the total species of the subgenus, are distributed in this region. The species in the region mainly occur in alpine zone between altitude of 3500—300 m. above sea-level. They have developed into a member of representative of arid and cold alpine regions. The endemic species of Astragalus in Xizang might be formed by specialization of the alien and native elements. It will be proved by a series of horizontal and vertical vicarism of endemic species. For example, Astragalus bomiensis and A. englerianus are horizontal and vertical vicarism species, the former being distributed in southeast part of Xizang and the latter in Yunnan; also A. arnoldii and A. chomutovii, the former being an endemic on Xizang Plateau and latter in Central Asia. The genus Oxytropis comprises 300 species which are mainly distributed in the north temperate zone. About 100 species are from China so far known, with 40 species extending to Himalayas and Xizang Plateau. The distribution, formation and differentiation of the genus in this region are resembled to Astragalus. These two genera are usually growing together, composing the main accompanying elements of alpine meadow and steppe. Caragana is an endemic genus in Eurasian temperate zone and one of constructive elements of alpine bush-wood. About 100 species are from China, with 16 species in Xizang. According to the elements of composition, 4 species are common to Inner Mongolia and Kausu, 4 species to Southwest of China, the others are endemic. This not only indicates that the species of Caragana in Xizang is closely related to those species of above mentioned regions, but the differentiation of the genus in the region is obviously effected by the uplifting of Himalayas, thus leading to the formations of endemic species reaching up to 50%. 3. An Analysis of Tropical Genera There are 19 tropical genera in the region. They concentrate in southeast of Xizang and southern flank of the Himalayas. All of them but Indigofera and Desmodium are represented by a few species, especially the endemic species. Thus, it can be seen that they are less differentiated than the temperate genera. However, the genus Desmodium which extends from tropical southeast and northeast Asia to Mexio is more active in differentiation than the other genera. According to OhaShi_,s system about the genus in 1973, the species of Desmodium distributed in Sino-Himalaya region mostly belong to the subgenus Dollinera and subgenus Podocarpium. The subgenus Dollinera concentrates in both Sino-Himalaya region and Indo-China with 14 species, of which 7 species are endemic in Sino-Himalaya. They are closely related to species of Indo-China, southern Yunnan and Assam and shows tha tthey have close connections in origin and that the former might be derived from the latter. Another subgenus extending from subtropical to temperate zone is Podocarpium. Five out of the total eight species belonging to the subgenus are distributed in Sino-Himalaya and three of them are endemic. An investigation on interspecific evolutionary relationship and geographic distribution of the subgenus shows that the primary center of differentiation of Podocarpium is in the Sino-Himalaya region. Finally, our survey shows that owing to the uplifting of the Himalayas which has brought about complicated geographic and climatic situations, the favorable conditions have been provided not only for the formation of the species but also for the genus in cer-tain degree.