西藏暗盘菌属记述

西藏已知产5种暗盘菌,其中南费尔特暗盘菌Plectanianannfeldtii和皱纹暗盘菌Plectaniarhytidia为中国新记录种。5个种均具子实层毛（即无隔侧丝）,这显然是该属代表性的特征之一。5个种的生态习性与林下的腐木有关,属于林区的木材腐朽菌。标本均保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室（HXZE）。     

西藏马鞍菌属小志

藏东南林区,藏南的亚东林区和昌都林区等地的马鞍菌属16种,其中有中国新记录种3种,西藏新分布6种,研究标本均保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室（HXZE）。     

西藏暗盘菌属记述

西藏已知产５种暗盘菌,南费尔特暗盘菌Ｐｌｅｃｔａｎｉａ ｎａｎｎｆｅｌｄｔｉｉ和皱纹暗盘菌Ｐｌｅｃｔａｎａ ｒｈｙｔｉｄｉａ为中国新记录种。５个种均具子实层毛（即无隔侧丝）,这显然是该属代表性的特征之一。５个种的生态习性与林下的腐木有关,属于林区的木材腐朽菌。标本均保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室（ＨＸＺＥ）。     

基于高通量测序分析西藏沙棘根瘤内生菌的多样性

根瘤是微生物侵染植物根部并与之形成的共生结构,这些微生物都可被称为植物内生菌。豆科植物根瘤中的内生菌常常又被称为根瘤菌,而侵染非豆科植物形成根瘤的主要是放线菌弗兰克氏菌,这些非豆科植物又被称为放线菌结瘤植物。西藏沙棘是一种典型的放线菌结瘤植物,由于其分布生境的特殊性,对其根瘤内生菌的研究具有重要的生态意义。对于西藏沙棘根瘤内生菌的研究,培养方法因难以模拟自然条件而不易获得纯培养,高通量测序技术对其多样性的研究提供了便利。因此,本研究以生长在甘肃省天祝县金强河河滩地的西藏沙棘根瘤为材料,采用16S rRNA基因扩增子高通量测序方法,结合OTU分析,对西藏沙棘根瘤内生菌的多样性进行探讨。实验结果表明,西藏沙棘根瘤内生菌具有丰富的多样性,根瘤内的优势属为共生固氮的弗兰克氏菌属（Frankia）,其相对丰度为47.63%,共检测到7个弗兰克氏菌属的OTUs;根瘤内除弗兰克氏菌外,还存在大量的非弗兰克氏菌,共检测到1523个OTUs,隶属于22个门、33个纲、69个目、113个科和202个属,相对丰度排名前9的属中有25个非弗兰克氏菌属的OTUs。该研究也表明,西藏沙棘根瘤内生菌具有丰富的多样性,西藏沙棘根瘤中不仅存在着可共生固氮的弗兰克氏菌,并且还分布着非弗兰克氏菌;在同一根瘤样品中,弗兰克氏菌属还具有不同的物种。本研究不仅拓展了西藏沙棘根瘤内生菌多样性的研究方法,还为同一寄主植物中弗兰克氏菌多样性的研究提供了分析思路。     

云南省可培养丝孢真菌资源的调查研究Ⅲ

本文报道曲霉属及其相关的有性型属、即散囊菌属和裸胞壳属的分类群共１５个,其中新变种１个,我国新记录３个。它们是：日本曲霉小囊变种（新变种）,赭曲霉,蜂蜜曲霉,孔曲霉,埋藏曲霉（新记录）,佩特曲霉（新记录）、亮白曲霉,阿姆斯特丹散囊菌,谢瓦散囊菌,腊叶散囊菌,赤散囊菌,匍匐散囊菌原变种,构巢裸胞壳,无冠裸胞壳和刺孢裸胞壳（新记录）     

一个具两型子囊的齿裂菌属新种

生于蒙古栎（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓ ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａ）和波罗栎（Ｑ．ｄｅｎｔａｔａ）上的齿裂菌属一新种,即异囊齿裂菌（Ｃｏｃｃｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｄｉｍｏｒｐｈｕｓ）。该种因子囊同时以两种状态存在而明显区别于齿裂菌属其它成员,主、副模式标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林保护教研室（ＡＡＵＦＰ）。     

中国绒泡菌属的分类学研究 Ⅲ.散见于中国几个省的特殊种

在前两篇关于中国绒泡粘菌属分类的研究论文中,已经报道了见于东北和新疆的新种和新记录种,本文报告的是散见于河南、山东、福建、陕西、广西和四川六个省区的六个种,金色绒泡菌和紫绒泡菌是中国新记录种,另外四种为新种。膜壁绒泡菌Physarumbadhamioides以囊被上石灰质稀散及孢丝宽扁、少石灰质而有别与其它绒泡菌;迷乱绒泡菌P．confusum则因易与绿绒泡菌P.viride和垂头绒泡菌P.nutans混淆而得名,但以散生的孢囊具短柄、石灰结与囊被同为灰绿色等特征显著不同于后者;畸形绒泡菌P．deformans具有显然不规则的孢囊、炳和孢子,易与其它绒泡菌相区分;草生绒泡菌P.herbaticum发生于活草叶上,淡绿色的联囊体发达,石灰结之间的连线细长而明确,使其与相近的绒泡菌明显可分。所有研究标本都保存在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆（HMAS）。     

西藏马鞍菌属小志*

藏东南林区、藏南的亚东林区和藏东的昌都林区等地的马鞍菌属16种,其中有中国新记录种3种,西藏新分布6种,研究标本均保存于西藏高原生态研究所标本室(HXZE)。     

西藏鹅膏菌属的分布特征

西藏地区已知鹅膏菌属(Amanita)真菌28种。西藏东南部的生态环境有利于该属种类的繁殖生长,约有90%以上的种集中分布在这里,同时反映了十分明显的垂直分布和对高山的适应特征。绝大多数种分布在海拔2500～3500m的森林带。另外该属全部种均属树木的外生菌根菌。本文还将鹅膏菌属的菌托初步划分为袋状型(Saccate type)、浅杯型(Vadosocupulatetype)、领口型(Collared type)、颗粒型(易碎型Granulate type)、小托型(Microvolvate type)、粉托型(Pulverulent type)等六种类型,并简要讨论了各种菌托类型与所处生态环境的适应性。     

西藏大团囊菌属及其生态分布

首次报道西藏分布的大力３个种与１个变种;Ｅｌａｐｈｏｍｙｃｅｓｇｒａｎｕｌａｔｕｓｖａｒ．ｇｒａｎｕｌａｔｕｓ,Ｅ．ｇｒａｎｕｌａｔｕｓ ｖａｒ．ａｓｐｅｒｕｌｕｓ,Ｅ．ｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌａｔｕｓ和Ｅ．ｍｕｒｉｃａｔｕｓ,讨论了种间和种内的一些特征分化或变异。其中,Ｅ．ｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌａｔｕｓ被确认为新种。这些种类均生于林下土中,与冷杉、云杉、栎属树种共生形成外生菌根其垂直分布海拔高度可达３６００ｍ     

中国鳖甲族一新纪录属及一新种记述(鞘翅目,拟步甲科)

报道中国鳖甲族1新纪录属及1新种:异颚弗鳖甲Freudeia heteromaxillaria sp.nov.,描述了新种的形态特征并附鉴别特征图和整体照片。新种模式标本保存于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所和河北大学博物馆。     

The Floristic Characteristics and Geographical Distribution of the Rosaceae in Xizang

The Rosaceae is one of the five largest families of Xizang flora, consisting of 30 genera with 242 species, the total number of species is slightly less than those of Compositae, Graminae, Leguminosae and Ericaceae in Xizang, amounting to 62.5% of the total number of genera and 28% of the total number of species of the rosaceous flora in China. The four subfamilies of Rosaceae including primitive, intermediate and advanced groups have been found in Xizang. These groups consist of 11 types of floristic elements, i.e. 4 genera belong to cosmopolitan, 9 genera belong to North Temperate, 3, E. Asian-N. American, 3 Sino-Himalayan, 3 Sino-Japanesa, 2 Old World Temperate, 1 Temperate Asian, 2 Mediterranean-W. and O. Asian, 1 C. Asian, I Tropical Asian and 1 endemic to China. It is obvious that Rosaceae in Xizang comprises holarctic, Ancient Mediterranean and paleotropical elements, among which the temperate components are the most dominant. The characteristics of the floristic composition of Rosaceae in Xizang may be summarized as follows: (1) Xizang abounds in both genera and species of the family which are diverse in forms, including the primitive, intermediate and advanced groups, (2) The geographical elements are rather complex, mostly belonging to the temperate, among which the Sino- Himalayan components and the elements endemic to China are dominant, (3) The proportion of plants endemic to China and distributed in Xizang is much higher than those endemic to Xizang itself, but there exist newly arisen species and infraspecific forms or varieties which show that the speciation is apparently still active in Xizang. The rosaceous flora of Xizang is a combination of old and new floristic elements, based on the old floristic components, affected by the upheaval of the Himalayas, the differentiation and speciation have been taking place in the long history. The geographical distribution of Rosaceae in Xizang may be divided into 5 regions, i.e. the northeastern, southeastern, southern, northwestern and northern. The rosaceous plants are most abundant in the southeastern area, next in southern area, fewer in the northeastern and very rare in the northwestern and northern regions. The general tendency of the distribution of Rosaceae in Xizang is that the number of species gradually decreases from the southeast to the northwest and the habit gradually changes from trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants in the southeast to cushion-like scrubs and dwarf perennial herbs in the northwest. These facts clearly show that the uplift of the Himalayas has deeply affected the phytogeographical distribution of Xizang Rosaceae. The rosaceous flora of Xizang has close relationships with those of the adjoring regions, i.e. Yunnan and Sichuan. Besides, it is connected with floras of Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan nothern Buram and nothern India, but silghtly influenced by the Ancient Mediterranean flora.     

On Genera Endemic to China and Occurring in Xizang Plateau Flora

The Xizang (Tibetan) flora with numerous endemics is of importance in Chinese flora. According to recent statistics there are in Xizang 27 genera of spermatophytes endemic to China, being only 2.25% percent of the total number of genera in the Xizang flora. Four of them are regarded as palaeoendemics (14.81%) and the others as neoendemics (85.19%). These endemic genera, of 30 species and 3 varieties, belong to 17 families, of which, Umbelliferae contains 6 genera, 7 species and 3 varieties; Compositae has 6 genera and 7 species, and Gentianaceae 1 genus and 2 species. All the other families each comprises one genus with a single species. The cosmopolitan families together comprising 14 genera with 15 species have the highest perecentage (52.92%) and the tropical ones (5 families, 5 genera with 5 species) come to the next (29.42%), followed by the temperate ones (3 families, 10 genera with 10 species) (17.66%). It shows that these endemic genera are obviously related to the tropical flora and temperate one in essence. According to the number of species, the genera endemic to China and occurring in Xizang flora may be grouped as fallows. Monotypic endemic ones 14 (51.85%) Ditypic endemic ones 6 (22.22%) Oligotypic endemic ones 4 (14.81%) Small endemic ones 3 (11.11%) The formation of the endemic genera is correlated with the topography, climate and environmental conditions, and they may have resulted from the diversification in geography and climatic influence for a long time. The southeastern part of Xizang Plateau is of very diverse ecological conditions, with the adequate precipitation, which may explain the concentration of these endemic genera in this region. The largest similarity coefficient (38.30%) of the genera endemic to China and occurring in Xizang is with those in Qinghai Plateau, next, with those in Yunnan and in Sichuan provinces (both 27.60%), which shows that these endemic genera are related to the floras of the regions mentioned above. The difference in the horizontal distribution of these endemic genera is obviously between the southern and northern parts of Xizang Plateau. The vertical distribution of the genera is also rather obvious, from 800 m to 5200 m above sea level, but concentrated in the zone of 3000 m to 4500 mm. Therefore their occurrence in Xizang is not only affected by the historical environmental conditions but also controlled by the horizontal and vertical distribution. The origin and evolution of some endemic genera, such as Psammosilene, Parateropyrum, Sphaerotylos, Salweenia, Ajaniopsis, Xizangia, Sinoleontopodium, are discussed in this paper. Parateropyrum, a monotypic palaeotropic endemic, belongs to the tribe Atraphaxideae including Atraphaxis, Calligonum and Pteropyrum. It may be a comparatively advanced group in the tribe, and is closely related to the genus Pteropyrum which is distributed in western Asia. The genus Parapteropyrum has possibly survived as a palaetropic-tertiary relic in this region. Sphaerotylos, a member of the subtribe Sphaerotylinae, the tribe Boehmerieae in the family Urticaceae, is a comparatively primitive genus in the tribe Boehmerieae so far known. As the other subtribes, such as Boehmerinae, Sarconchlamydinae, Orecnidinae and Maoutinae, are distributed in the tropics, rarely in the subtropics, the genus is no doubt a palaetropic -tertiary relic. Sinoleontopodium, belonging to the tribe lnuleae in Compositae, is also related to the genus Leontopodium. It is probable that the genus Sinoleontopodium arised later than the other. We come to the conclusion that the southern part of Xizang Plateau is also one of thecentres of the origin and differentiation of genera endemic to China.     

西藏新蝎蛉属昆虫三新种记述(长翅目:蝎岭科)(英文)

本文记述中国西藏自治区的新蝎蛉属 Ｎｅｏｐａｎｏｒｐａ Ｗｅｅｌｅ昆虫３新种：西藏新蝎岭 Ｎｅｏｐａｎｏｒｐａｔｉｂｅｔｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈｕａ ｅｔ Ｃｈｏｕ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．（正模,西藏通麦, ２０５０ ｍ）,胡氏新蝎蛉 Ｎｅｏｐａｎｏｒｐａ ｈｕｓｈｅｎｇｃｈａｎｇｉＨｕａ ｅｔ Ｃｈｏｕ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．（正模,西藏樟木口岸）,以及李氏新蝎蛉 Ｎｅｏｐａｎｏｒｐａ ｌｉｆａｓｈｅｎｇｉ　ｈｕａ　ｅｔ　Ｃｈｏｕ,ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．（正模：,西藏易贡, ２３００ ｍ）。简述了西藏长翅目的分类历史和现状,证实过去记载所谓的三种西藏蝎蛉（模式产地均为马边）,即Ｐａｎｏｒｐａ　ｇｕｔｔａｔａ　Ｎａｖａｓ,Ｐ．ｄａｖｉｄｉ　Ｎａｖａｓ,和Ｐ．ｓｔｉｇｍａｌｉｓ　Ｎａｖａｓ,实际上均为四川省种类。新种模式标本分别保存在西北农业大学昆虫博物馆和中国农业大学昆虫标本室。     

PANORPIDAE (MECOPTERA) IN XIZANG, CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS NEOPANORPA

Abstract  Three new species of the genus Neopanorpa Weele are described and illustrated from Xizang in China. The previously reported three species from Xizang, Panorpa guttata Navas, P. davidi Navas, and P. stigmalis Navas, are verified to distribute in Sichuan Province, instead of in Xizang. The type specimens are deposited in Northwest Agricultural University and China Agricultural University separately. A key to the Tibetan species of Neopanorpa is provided.     

中国凸顶跳甲属一新种记述及一雄虫的首次描记(鞘翅目,叶甲科,跳甲亚科)

对采自西藏林芝的1新种Euphitrea excavata Wang etYang,sp.nov.进行了描述,并对采自云南泸水片马红缘凸顶跳甲Euphitrea rufomarginata Wang的雄虫进行了首次描记,新种模式标本和重新描述的标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆.     

鳋科(寄生桡足类)二新种

我们在整理西北地区收集的淡水鱼寄生桡足类标本时,发现鳋科(Ergasilidac)的二个新种,现记述于下。模式标本保存于中国科学院昆明动物研究所。     

中国水柏枝属的分类研究

水柏枝属Myricaria Desv.最早属于柽柳属Tamarix的范畴。C.Linnaeus于1753年在《植物种志》中首先记载了产于欧洲(德国)的一种水柏枝,即置于柽柳属内,为Tamarix germanica L.⁽¹⁰⁾。     

中国委夜蛾属二新种记述(鳞翅目,夜蛾科,木冬夜蛾亚科)

通过对西藏夜蛾科标本的研究发现委夜蛾属2新种,墨脱委夜蛾Athetis motuoensis sp.nov.和汉密委夜蛾Athetis hanmiensis sp.nov.。文中提供西藏地区委夜蛾属的分种检索表和新种特征图及新种的详细描述。模式标本保存在东北林业大学标本室。墨脱委夜蛾,新种Athetis motuoensis sp.nov.(图1,3,5,7)本种外部形态上与条委夜蛾相似,仅前翅基部、内横线区、外横线区、外缘区和中横线暗褐色。主要区别于外生殖器上:爪形突宽短;抱器端窄而圆;抱器背延伸发达,超过抱器腹缘,末端较细;抱器内突在距抱握器基部3/4处出发,可达抱握器顶端;阳茎轭片脊部短而宽,中部平滑,下端部宽圆;囊形突较窄,略呈V形;阳茎逐渐弯曲,在末端着生有硬化的齿,龙骨稍硬化且细而长;阳茎端膜基囊中等大小,在角状突带的起始部位着生有5个长而粗大的角状突。正模雄性,西藏墨脱,海拔2100m,2005-08-24~26,黄灏、周达康、唐亮采,玻片编号HHL-1012。副模:5♂♂,3♀♀,其它采集资料同正模,雌性玻片编号HHL-1011。词源:以新种模式产地命名。汉密委夜蛾,新种Athetis hanmiensis sp.nov.(图2,4,6,8)本种外部形态上与A.suffusa(Yoshimoto,1994)相似,仅前翅红褐色明显。主要区别于外生殖器上:爪形突相对大一些;抱器端宽而平直;抱器背延伸发达,末端较细,在抱器腹缘末端伸出;抱器内突在距抱握器基部3/5处出发,可达抱握器顶端;阳茎轭片较大,脊部长而宽,中下端部宽圆;囊形突较窄,呈明显的V形;阳茎逐渐变细,龙骨硬化重且细而长;阳茎端膜基囊中等大小,具有1个小角状突,在角状突带的起始部位着生有6个长而粗大的角状突。正模雄性,西藏汉密,海拔2000m,2005-08-19~23,黄灏、周达康、唐亮采,玻片编号HHL-1017。副模:4♂♂,6♀♀,其它采集资料同正模,雌性玻片编号HHL-1016。词源:以新种模式产地命名。