中国缘蝽属一新种(半翅目：缘蝽科)

中国缘蝽属一新种（半翅目：缘蝽科）刘强,郑乐怡（内蒙古师大生物系,呼和浩特０１００２２）（南开大学生物系,天津３０００７１）本文记载了缘蝽科（Ｃｏｒｅｉｄａｅ）的缘蝽属（ＣｏｒｅｕｓＦａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ,１７９４）一新种。模式标本存内蒙古师范大学生物系...     

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅰ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

本研究叙述了缘蝽科的基本特征以及缘蝽科中２２个族或亚科级单元的比较形态学特征,特别是外生殖器的特征描述及其图解多为首次报道。认为瘤缘蝽族、喙缘蝽族、竹缘蝽族、沟缘蝽亚科、达缘蝽族、同缘蝽族、特缘蝽族及美洲各族（或亚科）为单系群;梭缘蝽族（包括唯一属梭缘蝽属）的族级地位成立;缘蝽族各属关系复杂;黛缘蝽族是一个复系类群,各属关系复杂,在头部、阳茎和雄虫生殖腔等方面的构造已呈明显差异,此族似不成立;岗缘蝽族应是一单系群,但Ｐｌｉｎａｃｈｔｕｓｂａｓａｌｉｓ似应独立成属并移出岗缘蝽族;曼缘蝽族、昧缘蝽族及鼻缘蝽族［仅１属１种,该属另外１种ＳｉｎｏｔｎｇｕｓｒｕｂｒｏｍａｃｕｌｕｓＨｓｉａｏ被移到类缘蝽属中,即Ａｎａｃａｎｔｈｏｃｏｒｉｓｒｕｂｒｏｍａｃｕｌｕｓ（Ｈｓｉａｏ）（ｎ．ｃｏｍｂ,新组合）为单属族,它们的系统学地位有待进一步研究;希缘蝽族（或亚科）身体构造很特异,是较原始的缘蝽类群;棒缘蝽亚科亦为较原始的类群,其中棒缘蝽属群各属组成一单系群,证明Ｓｔａｌ（１８７３）将它们成立棒缘蝽族合理;其余棒缘蝽亚科各属虽在某些外部形态上表现出一定的亲缘关系,但属间特征交叉,且与棒缘蝽族有许多共同特征,若归为一族,则造成     

缘蝽科族级单元系统发育关系支序分析

在已有比较形态学研究基础上,本文选择了１５个特征方面的７４个新生,以支序分析方法探讨缘蝽科族的系统发育关系。结果表明棒缘蝽亚科、希缘蝽族、沟缘蝽族较为原始,与其余类群差异较大,缘蝽科的范围值得进一步研究;除Ｃｈａｒｉｅｓｔｅｒｉｎｉ外的缘蝽亚科是高等的缘蝽类群;Ｃｈａｒｉｅｓｅｒｉｎｉ似应从缘蝽亚科中独立出来,狭义巨大级蝽族以及萧的鼻缘蝽族、梭缘蝽族、昧缘蝽族、曼缘蝽族成立、拟黛缘蝽属、副黛缘蝽属     

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅱ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅱ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）李新正（中国科学院海洋研究所青岛２６６０７１）６缘蝽族（ＣｏｒｅｉｎｉＬｅａｃｈ）（图２８—３０）繁复庞杂的一类,世界性分布,中、南美的属相对较多。历史上曾有几次将该类群分成若干族或亚族的尝试（Ｂｅｒｇｒ...     

缘蝽科族级单元系统发育关系支序分析(半翅目:异翅亚目:缘蝽总科)

在已有比较形态学研究基础上,本文选择了15个特征方面（外生殖器为主）的74个新征,以支序分析方法探讨了缘蝽科族（或亚科）的系统发育关系。结果表明棒缘蝽亚科、希缘蝽族、沟缘蝽族较为原始,与其余类群差异较大,缘蝽科的范围值得进一步研究;除Chariesterini外的缘蝽亚科是高等的缘蝽类群;Chariesterini似应从缘蝽亚科中独立出来;狭义巨缘蝽族以及萧的鼻缘蝽族、梭缘蝽族、昧缘蝽族、曼缘蝽族成立;拟黛缘蝽属、副黛缘蝽属、华黛缘蝽属、异黛缘蝽属应从”黛缘蝽族”中分别独立出来成立新族,即拟黛缘蝽族、副黛缘蝽族、华黛缘蝽族和异黛缘蝽族,以使原有的黛缘蝽族成为自然类群。     

姬缘蝽科系统发育初探：（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

本文通过对姬缘蝽科１４属的比较形态学研究,以支序分析方法探讨了各类间的系统发育关系,３其结果证明姬缘蝽科为一明显单系群,并支持Ｃｈｏｐｒａ（１９６７）系统中大部分族的划分意见,但因支序图中玛缘蝽族和姬缘蝽亚科为并系群,从而对Ｃｈｏｐｒａ系统中亚科的划分及玛缘蝽族是否成立提出疑问,并认为已有系统中的“红缘蝽亚科”应降为族级。文中还将支序分析结果与经前作者的系统发育意见相比较,认为本文所提出的关于该科     

广西翅缘蝽属一新种（半翅目：异翅亚目：缘蝽科）

本文忆述缘蝽科巨缘蝽亚科１新种：展翅缘蝽Ｎｏｔｏｐｔｅｒｙｘ ｅｘｔｅｎｓｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

中国缘蝽新种记述(半翅目:缘蝽科)Ⅲ

本文记述了中国缘蝽科17属20种,属于棒缘蝽亚科(Pseudophloeinae)4种,姬缘蝽亚科(Rhopalinae)6种,蛛缘蝽亚科(Alydinae)10种;其中有4个新属12个新种,另有6个属和8个种是在中国首次记录。     

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究I（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

本研究叙述了缘蝽科的基本特征以及缘蝽科中２２个族或亚和及单元的比较形态学特征，特别是外生殖器的特征描述其图解多为首次报道。认为瘤缘蝽族、喙缘蝽族、竹缘蝽族、沟缘蝽亚科、达缘蝽族、同缘蝽族、特缘蝽族及美洲各族（或亚科）为单系群；梭缘蝽族（包括唯一属梭缘蝽属）的族级地位成立；缘蝽族各属关系复杂；黛缘蝽族是一个复系类群，各属关系复杂，在头部、阳茎和雄虫生殖腔等方面的构造已呈明显差异，此族似不成立；岗缘蝽     

缘蝽总科昆虫精巢形态

为比较缘蝽总科昆虫的精巢形态差异,解剖镜下解剖观察拍照,对缘蝽总科3科4亚科6属9种昆虫的精巢进行了观察。结果表明:缘蝽总科精巢、输精管皆被有不同颜色的被膜。姬缘蝽科Rhopalidae姬缘蝽亚科Rhopalinae迷缘蝽属Myrmus精巢为小(中)型卵圆形。缘蝽科Coreidae缘蝽亚科Coreinae棘缘蝽属Cletus精巢近似三角形。巨缘蝽亚科Mictinae安缘蝽属Anoplocnemis小型圆球形。蛛缘蝽科Alydidae蛛缘蝽亚科Alydinae长缘蝽属Megalotomus为小型卵圆形。缘蝽总科姬缘蝽科Rhopalidae姬缘蝽亚科Rhopalinae环缘蝽属Stictopleurus、伊缘蝽属Rhopalus为长圆椎(圆柱)状。精巢大小与个体大小成反比。缘蝽总科精巢形状、大小、颜色及输精管粗细在科级、亚科级、属级具有分类特征。     

基于线粒体Cyt b基因的线蛱蝶亚科的系统发育

基于线粒体Cytb基因部分序列,以波蛱蝶为外群,采用邻接法、最大简约法和贝叶斯法分别构建了中国线蛱蝶亚科10属25种蝶类的系统发育树,探讨了各主要类群间的系统发育关系。其结果表明,所有线蛱蝶亚科聚为两大枝:第一枝包括环蛱蝶属、菲蛱蝶属、蟠蛱蝶属和缕蛱蝶属,其中缕蛱蝶属与环蛱蝶族亲缘关系较近;第二枝包括丽蛱蝶属、穆蛱蝶属、线蛱蝶属、带蛱蝶属、律蛱蝶属和翠蛱蝶属,其中线蛱蝶属为非单系群,翠蛱蝶属和律蛱蝶属则为单系发生,并构成姐妹群。     

基于28S rDNA D2基因片段与形态特征的优茧蜂亚科系统发育研究

本研究选取优茧蜂亚科Euphorinae(膜翅目Hymenoptera:茧蜂科Braconidae)的8族19属23种作为内群,茧蜂其它6个亚科的8属8种作外群,首次结合同源核糖体28S rDNA D2基因序列片段和41个形态学特征对该亚科进行了系统发育学研究。利用"圆口类"的内茧蜂亚科Rogadinae、茧蜂亚科Braconinae、矛茧蜂亚科Doryctinae的3个亚科为根,以PAUP*4.0和MrBayes3.0B4软件分别应用最大简约法(MP)和贝叶斯法对优茧蜂亚科的分子数据和分子数据与非分子数据的结合体进行了分析;并以PAUP*4.0对优茧蜂亚科的28S rDNA D2基因序列的片段的碱基组成与碱基替代情况进行了分析。结果表明:优茧蜂亚科的28S rDNA D2基因序列片段的GC%含量在40.00%~49.25%之间变动,而对于碱基替代情况来讲,优茧蜂亚科各个成员间序列变异位点上颠换(transversion)大于转换(transition);不同的分析和算法所产生的系统发育树都表明目前根据形态定义出的优茧蜂亚科Euphorinae不是一个单系群,而是一个与蚁茧蜂亚科Neoneurinae和高腹茧蜂亚科Cenocoelinae混杂在一起的并系群;在优茧蜂亚科内部,悬茧蜂族Meterorini和食甲茧蜂族Microctonini(排除猎户茧蜂属Orionis)为单系群,而宽鞘茧蜂族Centistini、大颚茧蜂族Cosmophorini、优茧蜂族Euphorini、瓢虫茧蜂族Dinocampini为并系群;悬茧蜂族Meterorini在优茧蜂亚科Euphorinae内位于基部位置的观点得到部分的支持,同时食甲茧蜂族Microctonini被判定为相对进化的类群。此外对于优茧蜂亚科内各属之间的相互亲缘关系,不同算法所得到的系统发育属的结果不完全一致,这表明优茧蜂亚科内(属及族)的系统发育关系还有待于进一步研究。     

基于28S rDNA D2基因片段与形态特征的矛茧蜂亚科系统发育研究（膜翅目：茧蜂科）

本研究选取矛茧蜂亚科Doryctinae（昆虫纲Insecta：膜翅目Hymenoptera：茧蜂科Braconidae）的6族15属18种做内群,茧蜂科其它7亚科11属11种做外群,首次结合同源核糖体28S rDNA D2基因序列片段和100个形态学和解剖学特征对该亚科进行了系统发育学研究。利用“非圆口类"的小腹茧蜂亚科Microgastrinae为根,以PAUP*4.0和MrBayes 3.0B4软件分别应用最大简约法（MP）和贝叶斯法对矛茧蜂亚科的分子数据和分子数据与非分子数据的结合体进行了运算分析;并以PAUP*4.0对矛茧蜂亚科的28S rDNA D2基因序列片段的碱基组成与碱基替代情况进行了分析。结果表明：矛茧蜂亚科的28S rDNA D2基因序列片段的GC含量在39.33%～48.28%之间变动,而对于碱基替代情况来讲,矛茧蜂亚科各成员间序列变异位点上颠换（transversion）大于转换（transition）。不同的分析算法所产生的系统发育树都表明矛茧蜂亚科是一个界限分明的单系群;在矛茧蜂亚科内,除了吉丁茧蜂族Siragrini为单系群外,其他族（矛茧蜂族Doryctini和方头茧蜂族Hecabolini）都是并系群。对于矛茧蜂亚科内各属之间的相互亲缘关系,不同算法所得的系统发育树的拓扑结构不完全一致,表明矛茧蜂亚科内（属及族）的系统发育关系还有待于进一步研究。     

Phylogenetic relationships of Moxostoma and Scartomyzon (Catostomidae) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data

A recent phylogenetic study based on morphological, biochemical and early life history characters resurrected the genus Scartomyzon (jumprock suckers, c . eight−10 species) from Moxostoma (redhorse suckers, c . 10–11 species) and advanced the understanding of relationships among species in these two genera, and the genealogical affinities of these genera with other evolutionary lineages within the tribe Moxostomatini in the subfamily Catostominae. To further examine phylogenetic relationships among moxostomatin suckers, the complete mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome b gene was sequenced from all species within this tribe and representative outgroup taxa from the Catostomini and other catostomid subfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis of gene sequences yielded two monophyletic clades within Catostominae: Catostomus + Deltistes + Xyrauchen + Erimyzon + Minytrema and Moxostoma + Scartomyzon + Hypentelium + Thoburnia . Within the Moxostomatini, Thoburnia was either unresolved or polyphyletic; Thoburnia atripinnis was sister to a monophyletic Hypentelium . In turn, this clade was sister to a monophyletic clade containing Scartomyzon and Moxostoma . Scartomyzon was never resolved as monophyletic, but was always recovered as a polyphyletic group embedded within Moxostoma , rendering the latter genus paraphyletic if ' Scartomyzon ' continues to be recognized. Relationships among lineages within the Moxostoma and' Scartomyzon 'clade were resolved as a polytomy. To better reflect phylogenetic relationships resolved in this analysis, the following changes to the classification of the tribe Moxostomatini are proposed: subsumption of' Scartomyzon 'into Moxostoma ; restriction of the tribe Moxostomatini to Moxostoma ; resurrect the tribe Erimyzonini, containing Erimyzon and Minytrema , classified as incertae sedis within Catostominae; retain the tribe Thoburniini.     

Molecular phylogeny of Palaearctic genera of Gomphocerinae grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae)

Abstract.  Molecular phylogenetic methods were used to examine morphologically based hypotheses concerning the taxonomic structure and relationships of the grasshopper subfamily Gomphocerinae. Two mitochondrial gene (cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase subunit I) sequences were determined for twenty-five species representing eleven Palaearctic genera. The studied Gomphocerinae species constituted a monophyletic group; furthermore, the earlier division of Gomphocerinae into tribes was supported, with each tribe monophyletic. There was no support for various systems uniting Stenobothrini and Gomphocerini into one tribe. Two separate clusters were discerned in Gomphocerini and two tribes were distinguished – Gomphocerini (genera Aeropus , Stauroderus , Chorthippus ) and Stenobothrini (genera Omocestus , Stenobothrus ).     

基于线粒体ND1和COI基因序列探讨锯眼蝶亚科主要类群的系统发生关系

测定了分布于中国的锯眼蝶亚科4族10属共20个种的线粒体ND1和COI基因的部分序列,结合从GenBank中获得的4个国外种类的同源序列,以凤蝶科的迪洛尔娟凤蝶(Allancatria deyrolle)、丝带凤蝶(Sericinus montela),以及娟蝶科的西猛娟蝶(Parnassius simonius)为外类群,通过邻接法、最大简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯法重建了分子系统树,分析了该亚科内主要类群的系统发生关系。分析结果表明:帻眼蝶族和锯眼蝶族具有较近的亲缘关系;黛眼蝶族不是单系群,该族中的黛眼蝶属、荫眼蝶属与眉眼蝶族具有较近的亲缘关系,带眼蝶属、藏眼蝶属、毛眼蝶属和帕眼蝶属聚合为一个独立的支系,其中带眼蝶属和藏眼蝶属在所有的分析方法中均以100%的置信度(BP=100%,PP=1.00)相聚合,建议将它们合并为一属。     

The tropical African legume Scorodophloeus clade includes two undescribed Hymenostegia segregate genera and Micklethwaitia,a rare,monospecific genus from Mozambique

Legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae accommodates approximately 2250 species in 171 genera which traditionally are placed in four tribes: Caesalpinieae, Cassieae, Cercideae and Detarieae. The monophyletic tribe Detarieae includes the Amherstieae subclade which contains about 55 genera. Our knowledge of the relationships among those genera is good in some cases but for many other genera phylogenetic relationships have been unclear. The non-monophyletic nature of at least two amherstioid genera, Cynometra and Hymenostegia has also complicated the picture. During the course of a multi-disciplinary study of Hymenostegia sensu lato, which includes phylogenetic analyses based on matK and trnL data, we have recovered the “Scorodophloeus clade”, an exclusively tropical African clade of four genera which includes the eponymous genus Scorodophloeus, two undescribed generic segregates of Hymenostegia sensu lato, and the previously unsampled rare monospecific genus Micklethwaitia from Mozambique. Zenkerella is suggested as a possible sister genus to the Scorodophloeus clade. A distribution map is presented of the seven species that belong to the Scorodophloeus clade.     

Tetrablemmidae (Arachnida, Araneae), a spider family newly recorded from China

The family Tetrablemmidae is reported for the first time from China, with five new species and one new genus. Lehtinenia gen. n., which is erected to accommodate Lehtinenia bicornis sp. n., is characterized by the modified embolus, special modifications on chelicerae, and a Tetrablemma-type vulva. The other four new species are: Ablemma prominens sp. n., Brignoliella caligiformis sp. n., Brignoliella maoganensis sp. n., and Tetrablemma brevidens sp. n., all collected from caves. A phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Tetrablemminae based on 41 morphological characters shows that the tribe Brignoliellini is the most basal group in the subfamily, rather than the sister group to the tribe Fallablemmini. Lehtinenia gen. n. and the genera Ablemma, Sulaimania, and Maijana together form a monophyletic group.     

A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of tiger beetles (Coleoptera,Carabidae, Cicindelinae)

Tiger beetles are a remarkable group that captivates amateur entomologists, taxonomists and evolutionary biologists alike. This diverse clade of beetles comprises about 2300 currently described species found across the globe. Despite the charisma and scientific interest of this lineage, remarkably few studies have examined its phylogenetic relationships with large taxon sampling. Prior phylogenetic studies have focused on relationships within cicindeline tribes or genera, and none of the studies have included sufficient taxon sampling to conclusively examine broad species patterns across the entire subfamily. Studies that have attempted to reconstruct higher‐level relationships of Cicindelinae have yielded conflicting results. Here, we present the first taxonomically comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Cicindelinae to date, with the goal of creating a framework for future studies focusing on this important insect lineage. We utilized all available published molecular data, generating a final concatenated dataset including 328 cicindeline species, with molecular data sampled from six protein‐coding gene fragments and three ribosomal gene fragments. Our maximum‐likelihood phylogenetic inferences recover Cicindelinae as sister to the wrinkled bark beetles of the subfamily Rhysodinae. This new phylogenetic hypothesis for Cicindelinae contradicts our current understanding of tiger beetle phylogenetic relationships, with several tribes, subtribes and genera being inferred as paraphyletic. Most notably, the tribe Manticorini is recovered nested within Platychilini including the genera Amblycheila Say, Omus Eschscholtz, Picnochile Motschulsky and Platychile Macleay. The tribe Megacephalini is recovered as paraphyletic due to the placement of the monophyletic subtribe Oxycheilina as sister to Cicindelini, whereas the monophyletic Megacephalina is inferred as sister to Oxycheilina, Cicindelini and Collyridini. The tribe Collyridini is paraphyletic with the subtribes Collyridina and Tricondylina in one clade, and Ctenostomina in a second one. The tribe Cicindelini is recovered as monophyletic although several genera are inferred as para‐ or polyphyletic. Our results provide a novel phylogenetic framework to revise the classification of tiger beetles and to encourage the generation of focused molecular datasets that will permit investigation of the evolutionary history of this lineage through space and time.