中国缘蝽新种记述(半翅目:缘蝽科)Ⅲ

本文记述了中国缘蝽科17属20种,属于棒缘蝽亚科(Pseudophloeinae)4种,姬缘蝽亚科(Rhopalinae)6种,蛛缘蝽亚科(Alydinae)10种;其中有4个新属12个新种,另有6个属和8个种是在中国首次记录。     

中国缘蝽新种记述(半翅目:缘蝽科)Ⅳ.

本文记述了中国缘蝽16个新种和二个新属,属于巨缘蝽亚科(Mictinae)四种,缘蝽亚科(Coreinae)三种,棒缘蝽亚科(Pseudoph1oeinae)二种,姬缘蝽亚科(Rhopalinae)四种,蛛缘蝽亚科(Alydinae)三种。其中Mygdonia Stal,Leptoceraea Jak. 和Mirperus Stal三属,系在我国的首次记录。     

缘蝽总科支序分析及其高级分类系统(半翅目:异翅亚目)(英)

本文在已有大量比较形态学研究和各科支序分析研究基础上,对缘蝽总科的科、亚科、族等亚群的系统发育关系作了支序分析研究,结果表明,缘蝽总科、蛛缘蝽科、姬缘蝽科的单系群地位得到证明。而缘蝽科由于其棒缘蝽亚科和希缘蝽亚科分别占据支序图的两个最低位置,它们在缘蝽总科中具有较多的原始特征,缘蝽亚科的Chariesterini族与南美缘蝽亚科互为姐妹群而与缘蝽亚科其它族差异较大;姬缘蝽科的红缘蝽亚科处在该分支的最高位置且与姬缘蝽亚科中的Harmostini族互为姐妹群,与姬缘蝽亚科其它族关系也较近,因而传统的缘蝽科、缘蝽亚科、姬缘蝽亚科为并系群。为使各分类单元为单系群即自然类群,使分类系统更忠实于系统发育关系,本文将棒缘蝽亚科和希缘蝽亚科分别提升为科,Chariesterini族提升为亚科;红缘蝽亚科降为族,姬缘蝽科不设亚科。据上述分类学变动提出了缘蝽总科族以上高级阶分类系统。     

中国的伊缘蝽属(半翅目:姬缘蝽科)

姬缘蝽科(Rhopalidae)为缘蝽总科(Coreoidea)中的一个类群。许多分类工作者曾将其视为缘蝽科(Coreidae)的一个亚科,如China ＆ Miller(1959)、萧等(1977)等。但近代多数半翅目学者则赞成独立为科的意见(Southwood ＆ Leston 1959、Stichel 1961、Kerzhner ＆     

蝽科昆虫精巢形态及属种间亲缘关系

为探讨蝽科精巢形态差异,以及据此反映的属种间亲缘关系,对蝽科9属13种昆虫精巢进行了观察和比较研究.结果表明,蝽科精巢形态在属内种间具有相对稳定性,属间、亚科间具有差异性.蝽科输精管种间变异大.基于精巢长度、宽度、面积及长宽比的聚类分析结果显示,斑须蝽属Dolycoris、绿蝽属Nezara、茶翅蝽属Halyomorpha关系较近,并与二星蝽属Eysarcoris形成并列关系.菜蝽属Eurydema、麦蝽属Aelia、珠蝽属Rubiconia亲缘关系密切.而果蝽属Carpocoris与条蝽属Graphosoma形成不同分支的特殊进化关系.因此,蝽科精巢可作为属级、亚科级的形态和数值分类特征.     

姬缘蝽科系统发育初探：（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

本文通过对姬缘蝽科１４属的比较形态学研究,以支序分析方法探讨了各类间的系统发育关系,３其结果证明姬缘蝽科为一明显单系群,并支持Ｃｈｏｐｒａ（１９６７）系统中大部分族的划分意见,但因支序图中玛缘蝽族和姬缘蝽亚科为并系群,从而对Ｃｈｏｐｒａ系统中亚科的划分及玛缘蝽族是否成立提出疑问,并认为已有系统中的“红缘蝽亚科”应降为族级。文中还将支序分析结果与经前作者的系统发育意见相比较,认为本文所提出的关于该科     

蛛缘蝽科系统发育初探(半翅目:缘蝽总科)

本文通对蛛缘蝽科各亚群16个代表属的比较形态学研究,以支序分析方法探讨了属间系统发育关系,其结果证实蛛缘蝽科为一单源群,支持Schaefe(1965)将该科分为蛛缘蝽亚科和微缘蝽亚科的意见,并认为扁缘蝽属和锥缘蝽属应分别单独成立族。Ahmad(1965)等将原有蛛缘蝽族、稻缘蝽族和微翅缘蝽族分别提升为亚科从而将该科分为三亚科的观点得不到文中支序图的支持。     

中国环缘蝽属昆虫记述(半翅目:姬缘蝽科)

环缘蝽属(Stictopleurus Stal)建立于1872年,为半翅目(Hemiptera)姬缘蝽科(Rhopalidae)中的一个类群。Reuter(1885)将其降为姬缘蝽属(Corizus Fallen)的一个亚属,该意见曾被一些学者所采纳,如Puton(1886/1899),Ragusa(1907),Van Duzee(1916),Torre-Bueno(1914)等;Muzik(1904)亦曾将其作为伊缘蝽属(Rhopalus Schil-ling)的一个亚属;但后来多数学者及近代的分类学工作者均将其视为一个独立的属,如Oshanin(1906/1912),De Seabra(1927),Harris(1943),Chopra(1967),Gollner-     

中国缘蝽科部分种类细胞色素b基因序列及系统进化研究

以线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因作为分子标记,首次对缘蝽科4亚科14种昆虫进行序列测定,获得Cyt b基因412 bp的序列片段,该片段中碱基T、C、A、G的平均含量分别为34.2%、11.4%、35.7 %和18.7 %,A T平均含量为69.9 %,明显高于G C含量(30.1 %).密码子第3位点的A T含量高达82.8%,亚科间序列变异大,有193个核苷酸位点发生变异,碱基替换多发生于第3位点.以筛豆龟蝽为外群构建系统发育树,表明在亚科级关系上,姬缘蝽亚科最原始,蛛缘蝽亚科次之,巨缘蝽亚科和缘蝽亚科亲缘关系较近,为较进化种类.     

2种辉蝽的精巢和染色体研究(半翅目:蝽科)

通过探讨中国蝽科Pentatomidae辉蝽属Carbula的红角辉蝽Carbula crassiventris(Dallas,1849)和北方辉蝽C.putoni(Jakovlev,1876)的精巢形态和染色体的核型及减数分裂行为,为蝽科昆虫的细胞分类学提供新资料。采用显微形态解剖法和染色体制片法对其精巢和染色体进行观察。结果表明:2种精巢的位置、外被颜色、形状及精巢叶的数目都一致;染色体组成均为2n(♂)=14(12A+XY),具有X-Y性别决定机制。在减数分裂过程中,常染色体前减数分裂,性染色体后减数分裂且无交叉;在中期-Ⅱ,常染色体排列成环状而性染色体在环中央形成假二价体。但是,2个物种在弥散期常染色体的去固缩程度,终变期常染色体双交叉的个数及中期-Ⅰ常染色体和性染色体的排列方式都各不相同。本文证实了蝽科昆虫的减数分裂行为在不同属间、种间可不相同,而且具有一定的属、种间特异性;同时为精巢在蝽类昆虫分类中的作用提供新的资料。     

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究Ⅲ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）

缘蝽科的比较形态学研究　Ⅲ（异翅亚目：缘蝽总科）李新正（中国科学院海洋研究所青岛２６６０７１）１５棒缘蝽亚科（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｐｈｌｏｅｉｎａｅ）（图６８—８３）棒缘蝽类包括２８个属,除ＶｉｌｇａＳｔａｌ为新世界分布,ＣｅｒａｌｅｐｔｕｓＣｏｓｔａ和颗缘...     

The adult scent glands and scent of nine bugs of the superfamily Coreoidea

In most of the six coreoid genera examined there are differences in the scent gland complex. This comprises a median, ventral, metathoracic reservoir with either one, two, or three pairs of accessory glands.

The nine adult bugs examined all produced a colourless, single-phase scent, the components of which were similar although the relative proportions varied. Either n-hexanal or n-hexyl acetate, or both, were usually the major constituents (about 90 per cent of the total) and n-hexanol and acetic acid were also present in amounts varying from traces to about 10 per cent. In one species n-butanal was detected and in two species n-butyl butyrate and (probably) butyric acid were present.

The characteristic, ester odour of these coreoid bugs is quite unlike that of pentatomid bugs examined so far and the two groups do not possess a single component in common; nevertheless there are interesting analogies between the scent components of both groups.     

Abundance and species richness of Coreoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Parque Estadual do Turvo, Southern Brazil

The coreoid fauna from Neotropics is poorly known, especially in terms of community studies. Aiming at contributing to this knowledge, a two-year study was carried out at Parque Estadual do Turvo, Municipality of Derrubadas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, to evaluate the composition, abundance and species richness of Coreoidea. Samplings were conducted in the springs of 2003 and 2004 (October), and autumns of 2004 and 2005 (May), using beating tray method, along two trails of the park. Sampling effort (hours X collectors) totaled 153h. A total of 282 individuals of Coreoidea were collected, distributed in 28 species of Alydidae, Coreidae and Rhopalidae. The most abundant species was the coreid Cebrenis supina Brailovsky, representing 16% of the collected individuals, followed by the rhopalids Jadera aeola (Dallas), and Harmostes sp., with 12.1% and 11.7%, respectively. The estimated richnesses by Chao 1, Chao 2, Jackknife 1 and Jackknife 2 indicated that the observed richness corresponds to 70% to 80% of the expected for the area. The estimated richness through rarefaction was significantly higher in spring 2003 and autumn 2004 than in the other periods. There was no significant difference, however, between spring of 2003 and autumn of 2004, and between spring of 2004 and autumn of 2005, for the same parameter. Yucum? and Garcia trails did not differ significantly for the estimated richness. Singletons and doubletons represented 32.1% of the recorded species. Additionally, eight other species were obtained qualitatively by using, besides beating tray without protocol, manual collection.     

Histological studies of damage by pod-sucking bugs (Heteroptera: Coreoidea) associated with cowpea Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata in Nigeria

Histological studies were conducted on cowpea pods fed upon by the coreoid pod-sucking bugs, Anoplocnemis curvipes (Fabricius), Clavigralla tomentosicollis St?l, C. shadabi Dolling, Riptortus dentipes (Fabricius) and Mirperus jaculus (Thunberg). Various degrees of tissue and cellular disruption were apparent, especially in the brachysclereids. They were manifested in terms of plasmolysis, cell enlargement and cell wall disintegration depending on the coreoid species involved. The feeding site and its periphery had all the cells of the brachysclereids plasmolysed, with the parenchyma having broken cell walls in the case of A. curvipes. Riptortus dentipes and M. jaculus showed similar patterns of feeding activity but less extensive levels of damage. The Clavigralla spp., however, caused cell enlargement in the brachysclereids, and broken cell walls in both the brachysclereids and the parenchyma. Damage symptoms were observed in cells far away from the feeding sites of the bugs, suggesting the possibility of sucrase activity which has been reported to cause osmotic pump feeding in the Coreidae.     

Comparative assessment of feeding damage by pod-sucking bugs (Heteroptera: Coreoidea) associated with cowpea, Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata in Nigeria

Feeding trials were conducted on three (young, mid-fill and mature) developmental stages of cowpea Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata pods in the screenhouse using fourth instar nymphs and adults of Anoplocnemis curvipes (Fabricius), Riptortus dentipes (Fabricius), Mirperus jaculus (Thunberg), Clavigralla tomentosicollis St?l and C. shadabi Dolling. Anoplocnemis curvipes was observed to be the most damaging coreoid species causing a yield reduction of 26.4-51.7% followed by R. dentipes (24.4-29.4%), M. jaculus (21.9-26.9%), C. tomentosicollis (17.9-22.4%) and C. shadabi (15.9-20.4%). The fourth instar nymphs of each pod-sucking bug species caused a significantly higher cowpea yield reduction than their respective adults. Similarly, infestation on young pods compared to mid-fill and mature stages resulted in significantly higher yield reduction. The results suggest that infestation levels of two fourth instar nymphs of A. curvipes or three fourth instar nymphs of the other four pod-sucking bug species per young pod should be adequate for screening of cowpea varieties for resistance to the coreoid bugs.