生物化学理论与实践相结合教学模式的几点体会

为适应人才竞争的需求,大连医科大学生物技术专业的生物化学教学改革一直在探索理论与实践相结合的教学模式。本文从实践角度出发,谈谈如何让学生在实践中理解和感悟生物化学知识,提高生物化学的教学质量。     

周爱儒、查锡良主编医学专业教材《生物化学》(第五版)出版

由北京大学医学部周爱儒教授、复旦大学医学院查锡良教授主编的全国高等医药院校规划教材《生物化学》第五版已于 2 0 0 0年 1 0月由人民卫生出版社出版 .本教材是根据卫生部医学专业教材评审委员会精神修订和编写的面向 2 1世纪课程教材 .与第四版比较 ,第五版教材主要在以下两方面做了调整 :(1 )适当精简部分繁琐代谢过程的描述 ,加强分子生物学的有关内容 .(2 )反映医学特点 ,加强与医学的联系 ,区别于综合性大学教材 .本教材由全国 1 1所高等医学院校的十二名生物化学教授参与编写 ,适合五年制和七年制医学各专业本科生使用 .全书分四篇…     

《生物化学》课程中“蛋白质”教学实践探讨

《生物化学》是生命科学相关专业的一门基础课程以及研究生入学考试的经典科目。课程内容涉及生物学和化学的交叉知识,内容有一定难度,尤其是蛋白质章节。《生物化学》教材中"蛋白质"章节包括氨基酸、蛋白质结构、蛋白质功能,以及蛋白质研究技术。教学内容既需要化学知识体系理解蛋白质的结构和性质,又要运用生物学知识掌握蛋白质结构与功能之间的相互关系。同时,蛋白质作为生命体的物质基础,相关研究进展不断更新,内容信息量大。本文通过分析蛋白质教学难点,设计教学内容,并结合新媒体教学手段探讨蛋白质教学实践,旨在提高《生物化学》课程的教学质量,激发学生探索专业知识的兴趣与能力。     

生物化学教材中E. coli DNA聚合酶Ⅲ的组成和结构变化

所有生物化学教材均把大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E. coli) DNA聚合酶Ⅲ当做DNA复制的模式分子介绍，但新的研究结果发现，最新探索的E. coli DNA聚合酶Ⅲ的结构与原来描述的结构已有很大的不同。我国目前的生物化学教材对E. coli DNA聚合酶Ⅲ的结果描述仍旧采用旧的模型，已经落后于新的研究发现，需要及时更新。为促进我国生物化学教材建设，本文介绍了新版国际生物化学教材《Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry》描述的E. coli DNA聚合酶Ⅲ结构，以供教学交流。     

基于小组合作构建代谢网络的翻转课堂教学实践研究——以《生物化学》课程中的甘油三酯代谢内容为例

为提高生物化学教学质量,本文以《生物化学》课程中的甘油三酯代谢内容为例,进行了基于小组合作构建代谢网络的翻转课堂教学实践研究。与传统教学模式相比,该教学模式不仅有助于学生深入理解并掌握生物化学整体知识以及知识模块之间的关联,更有助于提高学生的综合能力、培养学生的学习兴趣及习惯,提高生物化学的课堂教学效果。     

基于学习通平台的生物化学线上教学模式的探索与实践

为适应新型冠状病毒肺炎时期线上教学的需求,本文结合生物化学课程特点,对生物化学线上教学模式进行了探索与实践。依托学习通平台创建网络课程,整合、优化线上教学资源,利用学习通同步课堂实时互动,及时进行形成性评价及反馈,保证教学质量。在此总结线上教学经验,希望为生物化学线上教学提供参考。     

《生物化学》课程教学改革——新生代大学生适应性教育

《生物化学》课程是生命科学领域重要的基础学科,在各相关专业教学中占有重要地位。课程庞大的知识体系和不断更新的技术方法对课程教学提出了更高的要求。近年来,新生代大学生逐渐成为大学教育的主体并受到社会的广泛关注。他们的学习能力在物质生活不断改善、教育体制改革不断深化、网络与信息化高速发展的时代环境下发生了显著变化。因此,大学《生物化学》课程的教学改革,尤其是教学过程适应学生能力、学生适应教学内容的双向教育改革势在必行。本文从《生物化学》课程特点和新生代大学生个性特征方面着手,探讨现有课程教学与学生学习之间的诸多矛盾,并以教材体系与教学模式改革为突破点,以学生个性培养和教师能力提升为目标,探索新生代大学生高等教育培养模式,为《生物化学》课程教学改革提供对策措施。     

一流课程视角下分子生物学实验课程内容体系和教学模式的设计与实践

课程的教学质量关乎大学的育人能力.创新性、高阶性和挑战度是新时期大学课程改革的总体目标.通过重构大学课程的知识体系、革新课程的教学方法来提升课程的"两性一度"对于提高大学课程的教学质量至关重要.文中设计了分子生物学实验课程的三维教学目标以及支持这一目标的知识体系.然后分析了线上线下混合式教学与实验教学的契合点,并设计了...     

《生物化学》一书介绍

《生物化学》一书是2005年7月哈尔滨工业大学出版社出版的21世纪高等学校教材之一。主编李盛贤是黑龙江大学生命科学学院教授。     

医学留学生生物化学实验教学的实践与探索

随着国际交流与合作的日益频繁,留学生教育已成为中国高等教育的一个重要组成部分,生物化学实验是医学留学生的必修重要课程之一,因此,生物化学实验课的教学质量对学生的全面发展非常重要。通过对留学生生物化学实验教学的实践,根据留学生自身的特点和生物化学实验课程的特点,对我校留学生的生物化学实验教学进行了有益的实践与探索。结果显示留学生生物化学实验课的教学质量取得了显著提高。     

Antibiotics in the treatment of wounds in the victims of the earthquake in the Armenian SSR

Purulent wounds in 88 victims of the Armenian earthquake with the syndrome of long-term squeezing were examined microbiologically and the experience with using antimicrobial drugs for their treatment was analyzed. In all the cases microbial associations were detected, coliform and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, anaerobes and yeast-like fungi being isolated from 80, 20, 15 and 25 per cent of the patients respectively. 130 bacterial strains were studied in detail. 80 to 100 per cent of the bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotics routinely used in surgical practice, i.e. benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, levomycetin, kanamycin, cephalothin and cefazolin and highly sensitive to new antimicrobial drugs belonging to ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (cefoperazone and ceftazidime). Retrospective estimation of the antibiotic therapy revealed its inadequacy in 55.7 per cent of the patients for the most part because of the isolates resistance. The 19 variants of the antibiotic use prescribed by the physicians mainly included penicillins, aminoglycosides and their combinations (in 67.2 per cent of the cases). The use of the highly efficient drugs of the groups of ureidopenicillins and quinolones was extremely rare which was likely due to lacking of information on the drugs.     

Histogenesis of the taste buds of the vallate papilla in the in the rat in the postnatal stages of development

The developing taste buds of vallate papillae were studied with electron microscope in rats during the first 7 days after birth. Two types of cells--light and dark--are identified in the taste buds of a one day old animal. The apical parts of dark cells are characterized by numerous dark granules. A distinguishing feature of light cells is the presence of synaptic contacts with afferent intragemmal nerves. On the 4th day of development on the top of the apical parts of the cell, a microvillar apparatus is seen to form, which does not yet communicate with the oral cavity. On the 7th day, basal cells appear in the taste buds. Some of these cells are seen mitotically dividing. The differentiated microvillar apparatus now communicates with oral cavity. The structure of the taste buds is getting similar to that in the adults. The structural and functional peculiarities of the developing taste buds are discussed in association with the period of ontogenesis under consideration.     

Changes in the size of the nucleoli of the Purkinje cells in the canine cerebellum in the postresuscitation period

The changes in the size of Purkinje cell (PC) nucleolus in the lateral and medial cerebellum zones were studied in dogs with different degree of neurologic status recovery after clinical death of various etiology and duration. PC always possess one nucleolus in the control and experimental groups. In the case of complete neurologic status recovery of animals the area of PC nucleolus increases in both zones studied, irrespective of the cause of clinical death. In the case of neurologic disorders the increase in PC nucleolus area is clearly expressed only in the medial zone of the cerebellum, being insignificant in the lateral zone. It is suggested that adaptive characteristics of PC are distinct in the two compared zones, which leads to greater PC vulnerability in the lateral zone during deep hypoxia.     

Frequency of the stages in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat

This study determined the optimum number of tubules to be counted per testis cross section, and the number of animals per treatment group, when changes in stage frequencies in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium are criteria for assessing effects of treatment on spermatogenesis. A data base of 9,672 observed and staged tubules was collected from testicular cross sections of 15 Sprague-Dawley rats. A significant variation between animals was found for the frequencies of Stages I, II, IV, VI, VIII, and XIII. Computer simulation was used to randomly select different combinations of animal and tubule numbers from the observed data. Stage frequency means from each simulation experiment were compared statistically to observed mean frequencies. A model that used data from all 14 stages was analyzed. The following conclusions were made: a) a minimum of 200 tubule cross sections/testis is recommended for estimating stage frequencies; b) for a fixed number of tubules scored, the number of animals sampled is more important than the number of tubules per animal in reducing variance; c) to detect a difference of 2 standard deviations from the mean with a 2% error rate and examining 200 tubules/testis, at least 12 animals must be used per group when assessing all 14 stages; d) when individual stages are examined using 10 animals per group, only Stage VII has 80% or greater power of test (alpha = 0.05) to detect a frequency difference; e) pooling stages into 3-4 groups is recommended to improve the power of detecting a treatment difference.     

Self-organization in the determination of the size of the axial structures in the embryogenesis of the clawed toad

Experiments were performed using X. laevis embryos during gastrulation and neurulation (stages 10, 11 1/2, 12 1/2, 13 1/2, 15 and 18). Part of presumptive epidermis and lateral plate mesoderm was removed, and embryos raised until stage 25. The size of axial structures (notochord, somite mesoderm, central nervous system) was determined using serial histological sections and compared with that of control embryos. In experimental embryos, the size of axial structures was decreased. Until a specific stage of development, close correlation was found between the volume of embryonic compartment corresponding to a particular, structure and the volume of presumptive epidermis and lateral plate mesoderm. This stage is individual for each axial organ: middle gastrula (stage 11 1/2) for notochord, late gastrula (stage 12 1/2) for somite mesoderm, and late neurula (stage 18) for central nervous system. This data suggest that differentiation pattern of ecto-mesodermal rudiment is subject to regulation during gastrulation-neurulation, and subdivision of ectoderm and mesoderm into axial and non-axial tissues is a self-organizing process.     

Role of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in the function of generalization in the cat

In chronic experiments on cats contribution of the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus to the organization of the processes of generalization and abstraction was studied by means of alternation method. Electrolytic ablation of the nucleus retarded the learning and impeded the initial stages of formation of the generalization function. Mechanisms of thalamic dementia are discussed.