烧伤病房难愈性创面病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 分析烧伤病房难愈性创面病原菌分布及耐药性,为临床合理选用抗生素提供依据.方法 对2006年1月至2012年6月间中国人民解放军第八五医院烧伤病房收治的难愈性创面患者创面分离出的病原菌,采用K-B纸片扩散法进行药物敏感试验,分析病原菌耐药性.结果 分离出病原菌154株,革兰阳性菌62株,占40.26％;革兰阴性菌92株,占59.74％.常见病原菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌.烧伤难愈性创面中金黄色葡萄球菌最多见,压迫性溃疡创面中常见铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌,其他难愈性创面中铜绿假单胞菌最常见.创面革兰阳性菌对利奈唑烷和呋喃妥因的耐药率较低,革兰阴性菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星、亚胺培南、氨曲南和头孢西丁的耐药率较低,无万古霉素耐药菌.常见病原菌中金黄色葡萄球菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药率较高,铜绿假单胞菌的耐药率较低.结论 不同病因的难愈性创面病原菌分布不同,引起难愈性创面的病原菌主要为多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌和鲍曼不动杆菌.     

食管癌根治术后肺部感染的病原菌与耐药性分析

目的:探讨食管癌根治术后肺部感染的病原菌及耐药性,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据。方法:选择2009年1月-2017年12月在我院行食管癌根治术的764例患者作为研究对象,记录患者临床基本资料,采集肺部感染患者深部痰液标本进行细菌培养,并对病原菌进行药物敏感性试验,分析其病原菌分布和耐药性。结果:764例食管癌根治术后患者肺部感染146例,感染率为19.11%;肺部感染患者痰液标本培养获得病原菌185株,其中革兰阴性菌116株,占62.70%,以铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎链球菌最多,分别占18.38%和14.05%;革兰阳性菌40株,占21.62%,以金黄色葡萄球菌最多,占8.65%;真菌29株,占15.68%,以白假丝酵母菌最多,占9.19%。铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎链球菌、鲍氏不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌对美洛西林的耐药率最高,分别占70.59%、73.08%、86.96%、62.50%,对亚胺培南耐药率最低,分别占5.88%、3.85%、26.09%、12.50%。金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌对头孢唑林的耐药率最高,分别占81.25%、63.64%,溶血葡萄球菌对头孢唑林、阿奇霉素、环丙沙星的耐药率最高,均占71.43%,肠球菌对头孢唑林、环丙沙星耐药率最高,均占100.00%;黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌、肠球菌对万古霉素耐药率最低,均为0.00%。结论:食管癌根治术后肺部感染以革兰阴性菌为主,病原菌主要对美洛西林、头孢唑林、阿奇霉素、环丙沙星产生耐药性,对亚胺培南、万古霉素耐药性较低,临床应合理选用抗菌药物进行治疗。     

老年免疫缺陷病合并败血症患者病原菌分布及药物敏感性分析

目的探究老年免疫缺陷病合并败血症患者病原菌分布及对药物的敏感性。方法回顾性分析2018年1月到2019年10月我院收治的74例老年免疫缺陷病(AIDS)合并败血症患者,血培养细菌检出情况及药物敏感性实验结果。结果74例老年AIDS合并败血症患者共检出真菌50株(67.57%),包括马尼尔菲青霉菌31株、新生隐球菌12株、克鲁维酵母菌6株和葡萄牙假丝酵母菌1株;革兰阴性菌16株(21.62%),包括大肠埃希菌5株、铜绿假单胞菌5株、猪霍乱沙门菌4株、人苍白杆菌1株和肺炎克雷伯菌1株;革兰阳性菌8株(10.81%),包括金黄色葡萄球菌3株、屎肠球菌2株、表皮葡萄球菌2株和溶血葡萄球菌1株。真菌对氟康唑、5-氟胞嘧啶耐药率均为2.00%,对两性霉素B、伊曲康唑耐药率均为100%;革兰阴性菌对阿莫西林、头孢噻吩等抗菌药物耐药率分别为56.25%、43.75%;革兰阳性菌对四环素、青霉素、红霉素等抗菌药物耐药率分别为87.50%、75.00%、50.00%;参照药敏结果给予抗真菌药物和抗生素治疗,因败血症死亡10例(13.51%),其中4例感染大肠埃希菌,3例铜绿假单胞菌,2例感染金黄色葡萄球菌,1例马尼尔菲青霉菌。结论本地区老年免疫缺陷病合并败血症患者感染菌以真菌为主,对大多数抗真菌药物敏感。     

呼吸内科下呼吸道感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨和分析下呼吸道感染患者的病原菌分布及其耐药性。方法回顾性分析2013年在金华市中心医院呼吸内科住院的下呼吸道感染患者合格痰标本细菌培养结果,然后进行细菌菌株的鉴定和药物敏感性检测。结果共分离出593株致病菌。其中,革兰阴性菌464株,占78.2%,前四位为:肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌;革兰阳性菌49株(占8.3%),以金黄色葡萄球菌为主;真菌80株(占13.5%),以白假丝酵母菌为主。不论是革兰阴性杆菌还是革兰阳性球菌均普遍出现了多重耐药菌株。结论呼吸内科下呼吸道感染以革兰阴性菌为主,分离病原菌耐药现象普遍存在,临床应重视病原学检查。加强病原菌耐药性监测,合理使用抗菌药物。     

某三甲医院2007-2011 年ICU 气管切开术后肺部感染患者208 例 临床分析

目的:探讨湖南某三甲医院重症监护病房(ICU)患者气管切开后肺部感染病原菌的类型及其耐药性,为临床经验性用药提供帮助。方法:回顾性分析ICU 208例气管切开术后并发肺部感染患者的痰细菌培养及药物敏感性测定结果。结果:共分离出420株致病菌,革兰阴性菌293株,占69.76%,其中铜绿假单胞菌98株居首位;革兰阳性菌105株,占25.24%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌47株为最多;真菌占22株,占5.23%。分离出产超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌87株,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)24株。所分离致病菌对常用抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药,且为多重耐药。结论:ICU气管切开患者肺部感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,耐药率高,临床应加强病原学监测,重视细菌的种类分布和耐药趋势,合理使用抗生素。     

骨科感染创面病原菌分布调查及耐药性分析

目的 调查浙江省桐庐县中医院骨科感染创面病原菌的分布及耐药性情况,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供必要的病原学依据.方法 对骨科病房2009年1月至2011年12月期间感染创面所分离病原菌的菌群分布及其耐药情况进行回顾性分析.结果 共分离出病原菌694株,以革兰阴性杆菌为主,占53.6％,其中比例最高的为铜绿假单胞菌(16.9％),其次为大肠埃希菌(15.6％).革兰阳性球菌占45.8％,比例最高为金黄色葡萄球菌(25.6％).结论 革兰阴性杆菌为骨科感染创面主要病原菌,且呈现多重耐药趋势,需要加强骨科院内感染的检测和耐药菌监控,预防院内感染暴发流行.     

某三甲医院2007—2011年ICU气管切开术后肺部感染患者208例临床分析

目的：探讨湖南某三甲医院重症监护病房（ICU）患者气管切开后肺部感染病原菌的类型及其耐药性,为临床经验性用药提供帮助。方法：回顾性分析ICU208例气管切开术后并发肺部感染患者的痰细菌培养及药物敏感性测定结果。结果：共分离出420株致病菌,革兰阴性菌293株,占69．76％,其中铜绿假单胞菌98株居首位;革兰阳性菌105株,占25．24％,其中金黄色葡萄球菌47株为最多;真菌占22株,占5．23％。分离出产超广谱B内酰胺酶（ESBLs）菌87株,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）24株。所分离致病菌对常用抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药,且为多重耐药。结论：ICU气管切开患者肺部感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,耐药率高,临床应加强病原学监测,重视细菌的种类分布和耐药趋势,合理使用抗生素。     

老年脑梗死并发尿道感染患者病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的:分析老年脑梗死并发尿道感染的病原菌分布及其耐药性。方法:选取2014年9月-2016年9月于我院治疗的240例老年脑梗死并发尿道感染患者为研究对象,收集患者中段尿标本进行细菌分离培养鉴定,分析病原菌分布情况并测定其耐药性。结果:共检出160株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌108株,占67.50%,革兰阳性菌43株,占26.88%,真菌9株,占5.63%,前五位病原菌分别为大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、溶血性葡萄球菌及粪肠球菌。在主要革兰阴性菌中,大肠埃希菌对头孢曲松耐药率最高(69.81%),对亚胺培南最敏感(3.77%);铜绿假单胞菌对环氧沙星耐药率最高(88.24%),对头孢曲松、头孢唑啉、头孢他啶、阿米卡星、哌拉西林、亚胺培南最敏感,耐药率均为0.00%;肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢唑林耐药率最高(75.00%),对呋喃妥因最敏感(6.25%)。在主要革兰阳性菌中,金黄色葡萄球菌对红霉素耐药率最高(85.71%);肠球菌属(粪肠球菌及屎肠球菌)对氨苄西林耐药率最高(70.00%);凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(溶血性葡萄球菌及表皮葡萄球菌)对头孢曲松耐药率最高(93.75%);主要革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺最敏感,耐药率均为0.00%。结论:老年脑梗死并发尿道感染病原菌种类多,应根据耐药性结果合理选用抗生素。     

2010~2012年老年肺部感染患者病原菌分布及耐药监测

目的探讨肺部感染的老年患者病原菌分布变化及耐药状况,指导临床合理用药。方法对2010~2012年在呼吸内科住院的老年肺部感染患者痰培养阳性的4 709株病原菌及药敏结果进行回顾性分析。结果在4 709株病原菌中,革兰阴性杆菌2 469株,占52.4%,比例呈上升趋势(38.9%~59.7%);其中肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍氏不动杆菌分别占11.4%、11.8%和11.9%,比例也呈上升趋势。真菌1 904株,占40.4%,主要为白假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母;革兰阳性球菌336株,占7.1%,金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌分别占3.7%、2.6%;革兰阴性杆菌对阿米卡星、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南耐药率较低;革兰阳性球菌对万古霉素、替加环素、利奈唑胺、呋喃妥因100%敏感。结论老年肺部感染以革兰阴性杆菌为主,对抗菌药物出现了不同程度的耐药,临床应结合药敏结果合理使用抗生素     

急性化脓性骨髓炎患者病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的:分析急性化脓性骨髓炎患者病原菌的分布特点及耐药情况。方法:取急性化脓性骨髓炎患者窦道深部分泌物或病灶组织做细菌培养及药敏试验。结果:80例患者共培养出病原菌18种110株:其中7例同时培养出3种细菌,15例同时培养出2种细菌,58例培养出1种细菌。110株细菌中,革兰氏阳性(G+)菌55株,占50.0%,主要为金黄色葡萄球菌14株,占25.5%;革兰氏阴性(G-)菌52株,占47.3%,主要为铜绿假单胞菌13株,占25.0%。真菌3株,占2.7%。金黄色葡萄球菌对抗菌药物万古霉素最敏感,耐药率为7.1%,对青霉素耐药率最高,耐药率为92.9%;铜绿假单胞菌对抗菌药物头孢哌酮最敏感,耐药率为7.7%,对亚胺培南的耐药率最高,为92.3%。结论:化脓性骨髓炎的致病菌中革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的的占比基本持平,大多数病原菌对常用的抗菌药物均具有耐药性。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细