New Species of Meconopsis (Papaveraceae) from Laojun Shan and Yao Shan,Northern Yunnan,China

Two new species, Meconopsis muscicola and M.yaoshanensis (Papaveraceae), are described and characterized. Differences separating them from similar species are discussed and photos showing their diagnostic features are provided.     

New Species of Meconopsis （Papaveraceae） from Balang Shan, Western Sichuan, China

A new species with two varieties,Meconopsis balangensis varieties balangensis and atrata (Papaveraceae),is described and characterized.Differences separating it from similar species are discussed and photos showing the diagnostic features are provided.     

Observations on the Flora and Vegetation of Taibai Shan,Qinling Mountain Range,Southern Shaanxi,China

Taibai Shan Mountain is generally known as “The highest mountain in the Qinling Mountain Range.” It is situated between 33°40' and 34°10'N latitude and 107°19' and 107°58'E longitude in southern Shaanxi Province. The area is deeply cut on all sides by four, V-shaped valleys, which gives the landscape a steep topography. The highest peak is about 3767 m above sea level, and the relative elevation of the whole Taibai Mountain area ranges from 1000 to 2200 m. Five chief soil types have been described in this region and are vertically distributed as follows: 1) Ochric castanozom, below 1000 m; 2) Brown forest soil, 1000-1500 m; 3) Podzolic brown earth, 1500-2800 m; 4) Podzolic soil, 2800-3000 m; 5) Alpine meadow soil, above 3000 m. Fu (1982) in an analysis of the Taibai Shan mountain area's summer climate, and in comparing temperatures on the north and south sides, described higher maximum temperatures at low elevations on the south, but lower temperatures at high elevations on the north. Rainfall is much higher on the south. The rugged topography of the Taibai Shan Range still preserves some tracts of natural er semi-natural vegetation at higher elevations. Our vegetational survey was confined to localities above 1300 m, whereas collecting specimens for documenting the flora extended over the whole area from the foothills ro the peak. On the basic of these floristic, vegetational and environmental studies in the Taibai Shan Mountain we are now able to draw some conclusions on the nature and relationships of the interesting flora and vegetation, and to discuss to some extent the phytogeography of an important segment of the Chinese flora. 1. Survey of large families of angiosperms. There are twenty large families of flowering plants in the Taibai Shan Mountain of Qinling Range (Table 1). The largest families are the Asteraceae (175 species), Poaceae (123 species) and Rosaceae (124 species). The Rosaceae is a major family in this region, and species in the family are characteristic members of the flora and vegetation of the temperate zone in China. Both Asteraceae and Poaceae are also frequently found in forests and elsewhere in this region. There are three families with 60 to 90 species; three families with 50-60 species; three families with 40-50 species and eight families with 20-40 species. These families combined contain 1186 species, including 655 endemic to China, making up 66.6% of the total flora, and play an important role in shaping the characteristics of the forests of the Taibai Shan Mountain. All these large families are temperate in nature. 2. Relationships of the Taibai Shan flora with others The Taibai Shan Mountain of the Qinling Range is very rich in genera (657) and species (1782) of flowering plants. Based on their geographical distribution, the genera of flowering plants in the Taibai Shan Mountain are classified into 15 distribution types (Table 2). In accordance with our analysis of all of the distribution types it is reasonable to conclude that: among the native genera in the flora of Taibai Shan,130 containing 242 species (22.1%) are tropical, 436 containing 1186 species (73.8%) are temperate and 24 (4.1%) are endemic to China. From these figures the flora of Taibai Shan can be thought of as composed of temperate elements. To determine the floristic affinities of the area with others within China, nine mountain regions were selected for a comparison (Table 5). Based on the worldwide distribution of genera in the ten mountain regions, 15 distribution patterns can be recognized (Table 4). A comparison of the similarities among the ten mountainous regions in China, based on the distribution of genera, shows that the floristic affinities of the Taibai Shan are first with the Daqing Shan in northern China and the Shennongjia region in central China, and secondly with the Jinfo shan, the Fanjing Shan, the Yulongxue Shah and the Nanjiabawa Mountain in southwestern China. 3. The structure and vertical distribution of communities in the Taibai Shan Mountain. The diagrammatic structures of the chief plant communities in the Taibai Shan Mountain are given in Fig. 8.1-8.6. All of the dominant species, except Betula utilis, are endemic to China. The distributional areas of some of dominant species overlap in the Qinling Mountain Range (Fig. 2 and 3). On the basis of floristic composition and the coefficients of similarity between narrow belts of vegetation (Tables 7 and 8), the vertical distributions of the plant communities on different slopes are shown as follows: Northern slope: 1) Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata forests (below 1800 m); 2) Quercus liaotungensis forests (1800-2200 m); 3) Betula albo-sinensis forests (2200-2800 m); 4) Abies fargesii forests (2800-3000 m); 5) L.arix chinensis forests (3000-3400 m); and 6) subalpine scrub (above 3400 m). Southern slope: 1) Quercus variabilis forests (below 1500m); 2) Ouercus aliena var. acutiserrata forests (1500-2000 m); 3) Betula utilis forests (2000-2500 m); 4) Abies fargesii forests (2500-3000 m); 5) Larix chinensis forests (3000-3400 m); and 6). subalpine scrub (above 3400 m). 4. Species diversity along gradients of elevation. In terrestrial habitats, variation in species diversity along gradients of elevation and available soil moisture are, generally speaking, almost as striking as latitudinal variation. Variation in the diversity of species of trees, shrubs and herbs with changes in elevation in the Taibai Shan Mountain of the Qinling Range is discussed. The number of tree species declines with increasing elevation, but the diversity of shrubs, and especially the herbaceous species, reaches the greatest richness at intermediate elevations in the Taibai Shan Mountain (Fig. 9). Whittaker (1960, 1977) has reported a similar pattern on temperate mountains in the United States. 5. Analysis of life-form spectra. A comparison of life-form spectra in the vegetation between the southern and northern slopes shows that the five principal classes of life-forms on the southern slope (Fig. 8. b) are very similar to those on the northern slope (Fig. 8. c). The correlation of life-form spectrum with altitude (Table 9) reveals a significant trend; a steady decrease of phanerophytes, but conversely increase of therophytes with altitude. In Table 10 is a series of spectra for certain community types in different regions. Here we see that the temperate deciduous broad-leaved forests of the Taibai Shan Mountains, Changbai Shan mountains, Beijing area in northern China and in the Appalachian region in eastern North America have very similar life-form spectra. In another case the evergreen broad-leaved forests of the Jinyuy Shan and Wuyanling mountains in southeastern China have strikingly similar life-form spectra. 6. Diels (1901, 1905) was the first botanist to recognize the Qinling Mountain Range as a botanical boundary between southern and northern China, a division also recognized by geographers. Since the 1960's most Chinese botanists have believed that the Qinling Mountain Range, together with Huai He River, forms a natural botanical divide between subtropical and temperate regions. From a floristic and phytogeographical viewpoint, however, it seems that this opinion is in need of reconsideration. As mentioned above, an analysis of genera and species pretty clearly indicates that the flora of the Taibai Shan Mountains is temperate in composition. Furthermore, all of the plant communities in this region are deciduous broad leaved forests or subalpine coniferous forests. On the other hand, the annual accumulated temperature, the average temperature in the coldest month and the annual mean temperature of the whole Tabai Shan Mountains exhibit the characteristics of a temperate climate. Thus it is clear that the Qinling mountain range, together with the Huai He River, can be credited as being a natural botanical divide between the warm temperate and temperate regions ofChina. 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Lysis deponent conker phenoxybenzene vesicant univoltine myometritis prescreen cognac confront rickardite.      

豫鼠化石在我国阿尔金地区的发现

记述了在新疆巴音郭楞蒙古族自治州若羌县阿尔金山地区彩虹沟首次发现的豫鼠一新种:阿尔金豫鼠(Yuomys altunensis sp.nov.).其主要特征是臼齿的尺寸较大,比例上较宽,齿冠较高,臼齿的后小尖与后尖明显分开,后脊相对较长,但不完全,次尖明显小于原尖,舌侧内凹伸达臼齿齿冠基部,后齿带与后尖舌侧连;M3后尖为新月形,后齿带较短等.根据豫鼠臼齿的进化趋势和新种臼齿的尺寸较大、齿冠较高和舌侧内凹伸达齿冠基部的特征与Y.cavioides,Y.eleganes和Y.huangzhuangensis相近,但颊齿比例较宽判断,Y.altunensis可能与该3种处于同样的进化阶段或稍进步.其产出的地层时代很可能与它们相近或稍晚,即为晚中始新世或稍晚.     

云南高黎贡山荨麻科楼梯草属六新种

描述了云南高黎贡山荨麻科楼梯草属6新种：三茎楼梯草、少叶楼梯草、指序楼梯草、片马楼梯草、茨开楼梯草和拟宽叶楼梯草。     

New early Ordovician calcareous foraminifers of the middle Tien Shan

Twelve new species of calcareous foraminifers of the genera Parathurammina, Parathuramminites, Bisphaera, Archaesphaera, and Vicinesphaera from the Lower Ordovician of the Middle Tien Shan are described.     

河北小五台山自然保护区寄蝇科昆虫调查

报告我国河北小五台山自然保护区分布的寄蝇科昆虫4亚科17族51属67种,其中发现4个中国新纪录属:娇寄蝇属Hebia Robineau-Desvoidy,弓寄蝇属Arcona Richter,强腹寄蝇属Strongygaster Macquart,旁寄蝇属Parhamaxia Mesnil;7个中国新纪录种:湿蓖寄蝇Billaea irrorata(Meigen)、狭额喙寄蝇Stomina angustifrons Kugler、黄娇寄蝇Hebia flavipes R.-D.、均伪膝芒寄蝇Pseudogonia parisiaca(R.-D.)、阿穆尔弓寄蝇Arcona amuricola Richter、球强腹寄蝇Strongygaster globula(Meigen)、心鬃旁寄蝇Parhamaxia discalis(Mesnil);34个河北新纪录种,13个中国特有种,并初步研究了小五台山寄蝇区系及生态习性。     

湖南张家界天门山种子植物区系新资料

基于对湖南省张家界市天门山国家森林公园种子植物标本的采集鉴定,报道了湖南省新记录13种2变种,隶属于11科15属。即小山飘风Sedum filipes Hemsl．、绿花石莲Sinocrassula indica（Decne．）Berger var．viridiflora K．T．Fu、扇叶虎耳草Scocifraga rufescens Balf．var．flabellifolia C．Y.Wu et J．T．Pan、滇池海棠Malus yunnanensis（Franch．）Schneid．、北枳棋Hovenia dulcis Thtmb．、橄榄槭Acer olivaceum W．P．Fang et P．L．Chiu、大叶柴胡Bupleurum longiradiaum Turcz．、重齿当归Angelica biserrata（R．H．Shan et C．Q．Yuan）C．Q．Yuan et R．H．Shan、羌活Notopterygium incisum T．T．Ting ex H．T．Chang、直瓣苣苔Ancylostemon sarasilia（Hemsl．）Craib、野丁香Leptodermis potanini Batalin、毛华菊Dendranthema vestitum（Hemsl．）Ling、长冠鼠尾草Salvia pleetranthoides Griff．、茖葱Allium victorialis Linn．、节根黄精Polygonatum nodosum Hua。其中羌活属和野丁香属为湖南分布新记录属。凭证标本均存放在中南林业科技大学树木标本室（CSFI）。     

New Species of Meconopsis （Papaveraceae） from Mianning,Southwestern Sichuan,China

Two new species of Meconopsis, M.pulchella and M.heterandra are described and characterized. Differences with similar species are discussed and photos showing the diagnostic features are provided.     

Minidiscus,a New Recorded Nanodiatom Genus for China

Minidiscus trioculatus, M. comicus and M. chilensis are new records for China, and M. subtilis, is a new species. They differ from Thalassiosira species by their strutted processes and one single labiate process being distant from valve margin and they differ from each other by their areola patterns on valves and distribution patterns of strutted processes and the labiate process. A key to the species of Minidiscus is given. Minidiscus subtilis Gao, Cheng et Chin sp. nov., figs 7-8 Valves disc-shaped, slightly concave in center, weakly silicified, 3.5-5.5μm in diameter. Areola unequally radiate-striate, striae 8.5 / lμm. A narrow valve mantle without striae. Three strutted processes and a single labiate process located in the central area of the valve. Among them, one strutted process in the very center with the other two adjacent to it, forming an isometric triangle with the labiate process between the two subcentral strutted processes. Two small satellite pores in each base of the strutted processes. M. subtilis differs from M. chilensis mainly by their radiate striae continuously distributed from the valve center tothe margin.     

中药川独活与浙独活根香豆素成分比较研究

中药川独活系伞形科植物重齿当归,又名重齿毛当归（Angelica Inserrata（Shan et Yuan）Yuan et Shan）（A.pubescens Maxim.f.biserrata Shan et Yuan）,为我国特产的常用药,广销国内外,有祛风、除湿、散寒、止痛等功用。四川、湖北、陕西等省都有栽培,野生重齿当归广泛分布于浙江、安徽、江西、四川等省。传统应用的中药独活为栽培的重齿当归,野生重齿当归仅在少数地区使用。为了弄清栽培与野生重齿当归间化学成分的差异,测定了它们的有效成分含量,为扩大利用野生重齿当归并为植物化学分类提供科学依据。     

New Species of Meconopsis (Papaveraceae) from Mianning,Southwestern Sichuan

Two new species of Meconopsis, Mpulchella and Mheterandra are described and characterized. Differences with similar species are discussed and photos showing the diagnostic features are provided.     

我国鼎湖山小皮伞属的分类研究

本文报道了广东鼎湖山小皮伞属(Marasmius Fr．)的34个种,其中新种4个,国内新记录20个。新种为拟花味小皮伞(M·pseudo-euosmus Zheng et Bi sp nov.),近刚毛小皮伞(M. subsetiger Bi et Zheng sp. Nov.),脐状小皮伞(M．Umbilieatus Bi et Zheng sp．nov．)及 近血红小皮伞(M. subaimaru Bi sp．nov.)。     

中国叉丝壳属分类研究——Ⅴ.忍冬科上的新种和已知种

本文报道寄生于我国忍冬科植物上的叉丝壳属白粉菌5个种:双盾叉丝壳Microsphacra dipeltae Yu et Lai sp. nov., 二郎山叉丝壳M. erlangshanensis Yu sp. nov.,忍冬叉丝壳M. lonicerae(DC.)Winter,万布叉丝壳M. van-brunctiana Gerard和荚蒾叉丝壳M.viburni(Duby)Blumer,前二者为新种;对新种作了汉文和拉丁文描述,并附有形态图。每一个种都列有寄主种类和国内外分布,并讨论了它们与邻近种之间的区别。     

盘单毛孢属与五隔盘单毛孢属的新种*

盘单毛孢属的7个新种与五隔盘单毛孢属的1个新种被报道,它们是鱼尾葵盘单毛孢、苏铁盘单毛孢、杜英盘单毛孢、藤黄盘单毛孢、毛状盘单毛孢、圆柏盘单毛孢、萨拉卡棕盘单毛孢及枇杷五隔盘单毛孢。     

New Species of Meconopsis （Papaveraceae） from Laojun Shan and Yao Shan, Northern Yunnan, China

Two new species,Meconopsis muscicola and M.yaoshanensis (Papaveraceae),are described and characterized.Differences separating them from similar species are discussed and photos showing their diagnostic...     

中国多辐藻属(Myriactula)三个新记录种

报道中国产粘膜藻科(Leathesiaceae)多辐藻属(Myriactula)三个新记录种:阿拉伯多辐藻(Myriactula arabica)、粗丝多辐藻(M.clavata)和马尾多辐藻(M.sargassi)。     

Morphological, morphometric, meristic and osteological evidence for two species of hake (Actinopterygii: Gadiformes: Merluccius) in Argentinean waters

Morphologically, both classic and landmark-based morphometry and meristic analyses of 241 specimens of Merluccius, along with the re-examination of six paratype specimens of Merluccius hubbsi, the holotype and three paratypes of Merluccius patagonicus and the syntype of Merluccius australis revealed the presence of only two species of Merluccius in Argentinean waters. Internal structures (hyomandibula, urohyal and sagitta otolith) of M. hubbsi were compared to those reported for M. patagonicus and were shown to have identical morphology. Type specimens of M. patagonicus showed a complete overlap in morphometric and meristic characters with M. hubbsi, whereas M. australis had a greater number of second dorsal and anal-fin rays, and more lateral-line scales. In addition, M. australis had a smaller eye and longer snout than M. hubbsi and M. patagonicus. The results indicate that there is no evidence for a third hake species in Argentinean waters. Merluccius patagonicus is a synonym of M. hubbsi.     

On the Lathrobium fauna of the Emei Shan,Sichuan, China (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae, Paederinae)

Six species of Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 from the Emei Shan, Sichuan, are described and illustrated: Lathrobium iunctum Assing & Peng sp. n., Lathrobium coniunctum Assing & Peng sp. n., Lathrobium conexum Assing & Peng sp. n., Lathrobium ensigerum Assing & Peng sp. n., Lathrobium hastatum Assing & Peng sp. n., and Lathrobium bisinuatum Assing & Peng sp. n. Based on their primary and secondary sexual characters, they represent two distinct lineages, each of them comprising three species. A key to the species recorded from the Emei Shan is provided.     

小菇属三新种

本文报道了产自吉林省的小菇属(Myceno)三个新种:具核小菇(M.nucleata X.He et X.D.Fang),黄囊小菇(M.xanthocystidium X.He et.X.D.Fang)和棘囊小菇(M.brevispina X.He et X.D.Fang)。