花青素提取,分离及纯化方法的研究现状和发展趋势

本文就花青素的结构和种类进行了简单介绍,并且对花青素提取、分离及纯化的方法进行了详细综述,对其未来的发展趋势进行了合理展望,希望对花青素提取分离工作有一定的参考意义。     

葡萄籽中原花青素的提取及应用现状

原花青素（proanthocyanidins,PC)是目前国际上公认的清除人体内自由基最有效的天然抗氧化剂,广泛分布于多种天然植物中。阐述了葡萄废弃物中原花青素的功能,分析了其应用开发现状。结合常用的提取方法,并综合国内外关于原花青素的研究进展,对葡萄籽中原花青素提取的工艺参数进行优化,从而得出葡萄籽中原花青素最优提取方案。以期为葡萄籽的全面利用和原花青素的工业化生产提供科学依据,使原花青素拥有更广泛的应用。     

HPLC不同种类水果中花青素含量的测定

建立了水果中飞燕草色素、矢车菊色素、矮牵牛色素、天竺葵色素、芍药素和锦葵色素等6种花青素含量的高效液相色谱测定方法,并对该方法的线性、精密度、回收率、稳定性进行了方法学验证。利用本方法测定了10种水果中6种花青素含量,结果表明：强酸溶液提取并水解得到花青素的处理方式稳定好、精密度高、回收率好,液相条件分离效果好,定量准确度高。10种水果测定结果表明,不同种类水果中花青素含量差异显著,花青素总量高的水果中6种花青素单体的含量差异显著,且不同种类水果中优势花青素单体不同。     

不同叶色紫苏花青素含量与成分研究北大核心CSCD

选取不同叶色紫苏资源,统一田间栽培管理,待紫苏成熟期收获紫苏叶,并对紫苏叶中花青素含量进行分析。紫苏花青素传统的提取方法中含有大量的副产物如糖、有机酸和蛋白质等副产物,这些杂质可能加速花青素的降解。本研究比较不同提取介质的提取能力及选择性,其中乙醇-酸化水(50%,v/v)提取花青素的含量最高(4.7%)。采用不同的吸附剂进行吸附纯化,实验表明XAD-7HP吸附树脂表现出较好的吸附能力和解吸能力,利用LCMS对花青素苷成分进行分析,花青素苷中丙二酸单酰基紫苏宁含量最高。     

原花青素对变形链球菌生物膜的体外抑制作用

目的分析原花青素对变形链球菌生物膜的体外抑制作用。方法采用96孔微量板液体微量稀释法进行抑菌试验,观察对变形链球菌生长的抑制情况。盖玻片上形成变形链球菌生物膜模型,用共聚焦显微镜观察原花青素和对照试剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸对变形链球菌生物膜的影响。结果原花青素对变形链球菌的抑制作用比较强。原花青素在终浓度为2~5mg/mL,N-乙酰半胱氨酸在终浓度为7.5~75mg/mL对变形链球菌生物膜均有明显的影响。N-乙酰半胱氨酸明显减少了生物膜的多糖,而原花青素明显减少了生物膜的蛋白。结论原花青素和对照药物N-乙酰半胱氨酸具有不同的抗生物膜机制,原花青素对生物膜蛋白影响更多一些,而N-乙酰半胱氨酸对生物膜多糖的影响更多一些。     

植物原花青素的研究进展及其应用现状

原花青素具有多种对人体有益的性质,如抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌等。本文综述了原花青素提取纯化方法和功能特性及其在食品、医药、化妆品等领域的应用,以期进一步提高原花青素的利用价值,并为原花青素的进一步开发和应用提供帮助。     

不同叶色紫苏花青素含量与成分研究

选取不同叶色紫苏资源,统一田间栽培管理,待紫苏成熟期收获紫苏叶,并对紫苏叶中花青素含量进行分析。紫苏花青素传统的提取方法中含有大量的副产物如糖、有机酸和蛋白质等副产物,这些杂质可能加速花青素的降解。本研究比较不同提取介质的提取能力及选择性,其中乙醇-酸化水(50%,v/v)提取花青素的含量最高(4.7%)。采用不同的吸附剂进行吸附纯化,实验表明XAD-7HP吸附树脂表现出较好的吸附能力和解吸能力,利用LCMS对花青素苷成分进行分析,花青素苷中丙二酸单酰基紫苏宁含量最高。     

花青素对神经退行性疾病保护作用的研究进展

对近年来花青素在神经退行性疾病中的研究进展进行综述,并从抑制氧化应激、缓解神经炎症、缓解兴奋性毒性和抑制蛋白异常聚集等方面对花青素的神经保护作用机制进行探讨,为进一步了解和研究花青素类化合物在神经退行性疾病中的预防作用提供科学依据。     

葡萄籽原花青素对白色念珠菌抑菌作用的体外研究

目的研究葡萄籽原花青素对白色念珠菌的抑菌作用,通过观察其对生物膜活性的影响,探讨其在口腔微生态中变化的意义。方法采用MTT法确定葡萄籽原花青素体外对白色念珠菌的抑菌作用,激光共聚焦显微镜观察不同浓度药物作用后的效果,并进行红绿荧光染色定量分析。结果与阴性对照组相比,最小抑菌浓度为32 mg/m L,在所实验的浓度范围内随着药物浓度的增加抑菌性逐渐增大,CLSM观察,葡萄籽原花青素作用于白色念珠菌生物膜后可使生物膜内活菌比例下降,生物膜活性降低。结论葡萄籽原花青素对白色念珠菌起到了明显的抑制作用。     

不同提取条件对圆茄子花青素提取率的影响

花青素具有很强的抗氧化性,对维持正常的人体生理功能具有重要作用。在提取花青素时向提取液中加入金属离子,分析其对圆茄子皮花青素提取率的影响,并优化其提取工艺,旨在建立一种低成本、高效率的花青素提取方法。在40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃水浴后的提取液中分别加入无机盐Na Cl、Ca Cl2、Mg Cl2、Zn SO4、Cu SO4、Mn SO4使浓度达到0.2 g/L、0.4 g/L、0.6 g/L。研究结果表明,在提取温度为70℃时,以75%乙醇为提取溶剂,并向提取液加入0.2 g/L的锌离子时,吸光度为1.120±0.085,比空白对照组增加1.07倍,即圆茄子皮花青素提取率最高。该方法简单快捷,能提高对花青素的提取率,并能综合提取与保存的工艺,为花青素提取提供有价值的参考。     

Effects of pH and light on the storage stability of the purple pigment, hordeumin, from uncooked barley bran fermented broth

The pigment retention rate of hordeumin was higher than that of two standard anthocyanidins, cyanidin and delphinidin, when hordeumin and anthocyanidins were dissolved in Walpole buffer (pH 1.0) and stored. Moreover, when pigment solutions were stored at 15 degrees C under light irradiation, the pigment retention rate of the hordeumin solution became higher than those of standard anthocyanidins (2 to 10 times) as the storage period increased. Comparing various pH buffers (MacIlvaine buffer, pH 2.2 to 7.0), the pigment retention rate of hordeumin at pH 5.0 was highest. Furthermore, the half-life of hordeumin at pH 5.0 was increased from 9 days to 17.5 days when nitrogen gas was bubbled into the hordeumin solution. We considered that the storage stability of hordeumin is higher than standard anthocyanidins because hordeumin is a complex with anthocyanin, tannin, and protein.     

Effects of pH and Light on the Storage Stability of the Purple Pigment,Hordeumin, from Uncooked Barley Bran Fermented Broth

The pigment retention rate of hordeumin was higher than that of two standard anthocyanidins, cyanidin and delphinidin, when hordeumin and anthocyanidins were dissolved in Walpole buffer (pH 1.0) and stored. Moreover, when pigment solutions were stored at 15°C under light irradiation, the pigment retention rate of the hordeumin solution became higher than those of standard anthocyanidins (2 to 10 times) as the storage period increased. Comparing various pH buffers (MacIlvaine buffer, pH 2.2 to 7.0), the pigment retention rate of hordeumin at pH 5.0 was highest. Furthermore, the half-life of hordeumin at pH 5.0 was increased from 9 days to 17.5 days when nitrogen gas was bubbled into the hordeumin solution. We considered that the storage stability of hordeumin is higher than standard anthocyanidins because hordeumin is a complex with anthocyanin, tannin, and protein.     

蕨类植物花青素和原花青素成分及含量分析

以7目14科共44种蕨类植物为材料,对它们的花青素、原花青素和总黄酮含量进行检测。结果显示,44种蕨类植物均含有花青素,较为进化的水龙骨目植物的总花青素平均含量明显高于其它蕨类植物。矢车菊素、飞燕草素和天竺葵素是蕨类植物主要的花青素类型,其中乌毛蕨科植物富含矢车菊素,鳞毛蕨科植物富含飞燕草素。本研究中大部分蕨类含有原花青素,水龙骨目植物的原花青素平均含量高于其它蕨类。研究结果表明,蕨类植物中花青素和原花青素等黄酮类化合物的分布与植物科属相关,推测花青素与蕨类植物的生长发育和抗逆过程相关。     

中国野生笃斯越橘花青素的初步分离和分析

采用反相高效液相色谱法和电喷雾质谱法对我国野生笃斯越橘中花青素组分进行了分离和分析．制备野生越橘花青素的粗提物,经大孔树脂柱层析得到花青素样品,其得率为0.72%．用香草醛法测得其总黄烷醇含量为95%．采用Alltima C18反相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以2 %甲酸水溶液(A)和2 %甲酸/甲醇溶液(B)作为流动相,分2个梯度对花青素组分进行洗脱,将其主要洗脱峰在电喷雾正离子模式下进行分析,根据质谱的准分子离子［M+H］(m/z)检测其聚合度．结果表明,我国野生越橘花青素的提取物被展开成8个主要的洗脱峰,以峰面积计算,主要洗脱峰总含量达85%．经质谱分析,判断为2个单体,3个二聚体,1个三聚体,2个四聚体．结果表明,我国野生笃斯越橘中含有较丰富的花青素,低聚体是其中的主要成分．本文首次报道了我国大兴安岭野生笃斯越橘花青素的组成情况,对于开展其后续的结构、功能、质量检测以及生产开发研究都具有一定的参考价值．     

Human tumor cell growth inhibition by nontoxic anthocyanidins, the pigments in fruits and vegetables

Anthocyanidins, the aglycones of anthocyanins, impart brilliant colors in many fruits and vegetables. The widespread consumption of diets rich in anthocyanin and anthocyanidins prompted us to determine their inhibitory effects on human cancer cell proliferation. Five anthocyanidins, cyanidin (1), delphinidin (2), pelargonidin (3), petunidin (4) and malvidin (5), and four anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside and pelargonidin-3-galactoside were tested for cell proliferation inhibitory activity against human cancer cell lines, AGS (stomach), HCT-116 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), NCI H460 (lung), and SF-268 (Central Nervous System, CNS) at 12.5-200 microg/mL concentrations. The viability of cells after exposure to anthocyanins and anthocyanidins was determined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) colorimetric methods. The anthocyanins assayed did not inhibit cell proliferation of cell lines tested at 200 microg/mL. However, anthocyanidins showed cell proliferation inhibitory activity. Malvidin inhibited AGS, HCT-116, NCI-H460, MCF-7 and SF-268 cell growth by 69, 75.7, 67.7, 74.7 and 40.5%, respectively, at 200 microg/mL. Similarly, pelargonidin inhibited AGS, HCT-116, NCI H460, MCF-7 and SF-268 cell growth by 64, 63, 62, 63 and 34%, respectively, at 200 microg/mL. At 200 microg/mL, cyanidin, delphinidin and petunidin inhibited the breast cancer cell growth by 47, 66 and 53%, respectively. This is the first report of tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activity by anthocyanidins.     

小苍兰花色色素成分及稳定性分析

以小苍兰(Freesia refracta)16个不同花色品种及后代为试验材料,对花瓣色素用特征显色反应和紫外-可见光谱扫描,分析其色素的成分和花色素苷的稳定性.结果表明,小苍兰花色的色素属于类黄酮化合物,含黄酮和花色素苷类物质,可能含有异黄酮,不含黄酮醇、二氢黄酮、二氢黄酮醇、查耳酮和橙酮,其中黄色系品种及后代还含有类胡萝卜素.避光下小苍兰花色素苷的稳定性要强于光照;温度对花瓣色素的稳定性有一定的影响.     

Oxidative stress-based cytotoxicity of delphinidin and cyanidin in colon cancer cells

Colorectal cancer is the second most frequent cause of cancer death in the western world. Although the prognosis has improved after the introduction of newer anticancer drugs, the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer still remains a challenge due to a high percentage of drug-resistant tumor forms. We aimed at testing whether anthocyanidins exerted cytotoxicity in primary (Caco-2) and metastatic (LoVo and LoVo/ADR) colorectal cancer cell lines. Both cyanidin and delphinidin, though neither pelargonidin nor malvidin, were cytotoxic in metastatic cells only. The cell line most sensitive to anthocyanidins was the drug-resistant LoVo/ADR. There, cellular ROS accumulation, inhibition of glutathione reductase, and depletion of glutathione could be observed. This suggests that anthocyanidins may be used as sensitizing agents in metastatic colorectal cancer therapy.     

Genetic control of biosynthesis of anthocyans in sweet pea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lathyrus odoratus</Emphasis> L.) flowers

Inheritance of anthocyanidins in sweet pea flowers was studied. A relationship was revealed between the colour of flowers in plants of mutant lines and the presence of different types of anthocyanidins in petal cells. Forms synthesizing anthocyanidins with a large number of OH groups in the B ring of their structure were found to be dominant with respect to less hydroxylated pigments. The functions of three earlier undescribed nonallelic genes of sweet pea have been identified for the first time. Gene R determines the synthesis of pelargonidin that has one OH group in the B ring. The formation of dihydroxylated cyanidin is controlled by the Sm1 gene. Gene E1 is involved in the biosynthesis of trihydroxylated delphinidin. A scheme of genetic control of anthocyanidin biosynthesis in sweet pea flowers is proposed on the basis of the data obtained. Possible mechanisms of the action of the identified genes are discussed