中国婴螺属一新种记述(腹足纲,肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,艾纳螺科)

记述采自甘肃省陆生贝类1新种,天水婴螺Pupinidius tianshuiensis sp.nov.,文中对新种形态特征、栖息环境进行了描述,并与其相似种进行了比较和讨论。     

中国云南喇叭螺属一新种(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,虹蛹螺科)

详细记述了喇叭螺属Boysidia一新种,金平喇叭螺新种Boysidia(Bensonella)jinpingensis sp.nov.。对新种的形态进行了详细描述,并与其近似种进行了对比和讨论。模式标本保存于昆明医科大学细胞生物学与医学遗传学系标本室。     

中国喇叭螺属一新种(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,虹蛹螺科)

记述采自贵州省陆生贝类1新种,修文贝喇叭螺Boysidia(Bensonella)xiuwenensis sp.nov.,文中对新种形态特征、栖息环境进行了描述,并对其相似种进行了分析和讨论。     

中国喇叭螺属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,虹蛹螺科)

记述采自贵州省陆生贝类1新种,巩尧山喇叭螺Boysidia(Boysidia)gongyaoshanensis sp.nov.,文中对新种形态特征、栖息环境进行了描述,并对其相似种进行了分析和讨论。     

甘肃管螺属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,烟管螺科)

记述采自甘肃省文县陆生贝类1新种,文县管螺Phaedusa wenxianensis sp.nov.,对新种形态特征、栖息环境进行了描述,并与其相似种进行了分析和讨论。     

喇叭螺属一新种(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,虹蛹螺科)

在贵州省喀斯特地貌区陆生贝类多样性调查采得的标本中,经鉴定得喇叭螺属1新种,即兴义贝喇叭螺Boysidia(Bansonella)xingyiensis sp.nov..对新种的形态进行了详细描述,与其近似种进行了对比.正、副模标本均保存于中国科学院动物研究所标本馆.     

中国真管螺属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,烟管螺科)

记述采自贵州省陆生贝类1新种,即白脉真管螺Euphaedusa leucophlebia sp.nov.,对新种形态特征、栖息环境进行了描述,并对其相似种进行了分析和讨论.     

云南管螺属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,烟管螺科)

记述采自云南省石林县陆生贝类1新种,即石林管螺Phaedusa shilinensis sp.nov.,文中对新种形态特征、栖息环境进行了描述,并对其相似种进行了分析和讨论。     

中国真管螺属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,烟管螺科)

记述采自陕西省陆生贝类1新种.微小真管螺Euphaedusa minuta sp.nov., 文中对新种形态特征、栖息环境进行了描述,并对其相似种进行了分析和讨论.     

中国金丝雀螺属研究及一新种记述(腹足纲,肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,艾纳螺科)

对我国金丝螺属9种和5亚种进行了整理和厘订,对德钦金丝螺新种进行了描述,并附有我国金丝螺属9种和5亚种的检索表。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所无脊椎动物标本馆。     

七子花的繁殖生物学研究

对国家2级保护植物七子花（Heptacodium miconioides)的开花、传粉与结实等繁殖特性进行了研究。结果显示：七子花的花无梗,由多轮紧缩呈头状的聚伞花序组成顶生圆锥花序,多数花序开两轮花（基轮和中轮）,少数只开基轮花。自花传粉的比例高,花后4h的柱头花粉多超过60粒,8h的柱头可多达142粒,其中近1／3的花粉萌发,少数能到达子房。每个子房仅1枚胚珠可育,其平均结实率为40．6％,上轮花的开花会影响下轮花的结实率,降低幅度可达34．8％,早开花的结实也会影响迟开花的结实。表明七子花的结实率很低,资源限制是影响结实的主要因素。     

Plant quality vs. risk of parasitism: within-plant distribution and performance of the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis

1 Colonies of the aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis on Johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense, usually occur inside the whorl. The present work assessed the role of two biotic factors, plant quality and parasitism by Lysiphlebus testaceipes, in determining within‐plant distribution and performance of R. maidis. The mean relative growth rate of aphids inside the whorl and on a mature leaf was compared, and the concentration of hydroxamic acids in those tissues determined as an indicator of plant quality. Parasitism effectiveness and parasitoid behaviour were evaluated using three treatments: aphid colonies placed (1) wholly inside the whorl, (2) on the inner and outer surfaces of the whorl, and (3) on a mature leaf. 2 The mean relative growth rate of aphids was lower on the whorl than on the mature leaf, and hydroxamic acid concentration in the whorl was higher than in the mature leaf. 3 The number of parasitized dead aphids (mummies) inside the whorl was considerably lower than in the other two treatments. Mummies were present in 80% of the replicates in the whorl, whereas mummies were present in all replicates of the other treatments. 4 Host location time of the parasitoid was increased on the mature leaf compared with the other treatments. No significant differences in the residence time of the parasitoid in the aphid colony occurred between treatments. 5 Host location time showed a negative correlation, and residence time of the parasitoid a positive correlation with the number of aphids on the outer surface of the whorl.     

拟柄突和平水母在中国的首次发现及其生活史观察

报道青岛海洋科技馆培养的和平水母属(软水母亚纲,和平水母科)一种我国的新纪录--拟柄突和平水母西 Eirene lacteoides Kubota and Horita,1992.首次提供该种水母水螅体的形态,并对各期水母体的特征进行描述,为编写水螅水母动物志提供参考.     

Within-plant distribution of a galling adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae): the consequences of conflicting survivorship, growth, and reproduction

Abstract. 1. Adelges cooleyi (Gil.) was rarely found in the top-most whorl of shoots in its host plant Engelmann spruce.
2. The survivorship of the few Adelges fundatrices which did colonize the top whorl was at or near zero for the 3 years in which survivorship was assessed, while survivorship in the bottom whorls was at least 60%.
3. In contrast, when an Adelges fundatrix did survive in the top whorl, her growth and reproductive output, and the growth of her progeny, the gallicolae, were at least double that of bottom whorl fundatrices.
4. The distribution of fundatrices within spruce trees was strongly correlated ( R ²=0.934) with fundatrix fitness (=survivorship × fecundity × growth).
5. We hypothesize that the vigorous growth of top whorl shoots promotes Adelges growth and fecundity, but the earlier growth of these shoots results in low temperature mortality of fundatrices.     

栽培红花山玉兰的传粉生物学

研究了栽培红花山玉兰（Ｍａｇｎｏｌｉａｄｅｌａｖａｙｉ）的开花生物学和传粉生物学特性,并探讨了红花山玉兰只开花而不结实的原因以及提高其结实率的技术措施。红花山玉兰的花被片为９,呈３轮排列。外轮花被片先张开,而内２轮花被片仍紧密地包裹着雌雄蕊群,约２４ｈ后,内２轮花被片才张开。在外轮花被片张开而内２轮花被片未张开时,柱头就有授粉能力,但雄蕊尚未成熟。因内２轮花被片紧密地包裹着雌雄蕊群而阻碍了传粉者进入花内传粉。当内２轮花被片张开时,雄蕊成熟,花药裂开而散发花粉;柱头外露,但此时的柱头已变棕红色,完全失去了授粉能力。若外轮花被片刚张开时,去掉全部花被片,蜜蜂可成为有效传粉者,其结果率可达到５３．３％;若去掉全部花被片,并施以人工异花授粉,其结果率可高达１００％。研究结果表明,红花山玉兰是雌雄异熟的,且异花授粉是亲和;其开花生物学特性适合甲壳虫携带花粉进入花内传粉。红花山玉兰只开花而不结实的原因可能是其开花生物学特性所要求的携带花粉进入花内传粉的甲壳虫无法进入花内传粉或者缺乏。     

Multicarpellate gynoecia in angiosperms: occurrence,development, organization and architectural constraints

Most angiosperms have gynoecia with two to five carpels. However, more than five carpels (here termed ‘multicarpellate condition’) are present in some representatives of all larger subclades of angiosperms. In such multicarpellate gynoecia, the carpels are in either one or more than one whorl (or series). I focus especially on gynoecia in which the carpels are in a single whorl (or series). In such multicarpellate syncarpous gynoecia, the closure in the centre of the gynoecium is imprecise as a result of slightly irregular development of the carpel flanks. Irregular bumps appear to stuff the remaining holes. In multicarpellate gynoecia, the centre of the remaining floral apex is not involved in carpel morphogenesis, so that this unspent part of the floral apex remains morphologically undifferentiated. It usually becomes enclosed within the gynoecium, but, in some cases, remains exposed and may or may not form simple excrescences. The area within the remaining floral apex is histologically characterized by a parenchyma of simple longitudinal cell rows. In highly multicarpellate gynoecia with the carpels in a whorl, the whorl tends to be deformed into an H‐shaped or star‐shaped structure by differential growth of the floral sectors, so that carpels become aligned in parallel rows, in which they face each other with the ventral sides. In this way, a fractionated compitum may still be functional. Multicarpellate gynoecia (with the carpels in one whorl or series) occur in at least one species in 37 of the 63 angiosperm orders. In contrast, non‐multicarpellate gynoecia are present in at least one species of all 63 orders. The basal condition in angiosperms is more likely non‐multicarpellate. Multicarpellate gynoecia are restricted to flowers that are not highly synorganized. In groups with synorganized androecium and gynoecium and in groups with elaborate monosymmetric flowers, multicarpellate gynoecia are lacking. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 174 , 1–43.     

青城细辛的花器官发生

利用扫描电镜观察了青城细辛(Asarum splendens)的花器官发生过程。青城细辛的花器官为轮状结构,向心发生,依次为两轮3基数的花被原基,两轮6基数的雄蕊原基和一轮6基数的心皮原基。两轮花被原基互生,只有外轮(先发生的一轮)花被原基完全发育,而内轮(后发生的一轮)花被原基在发育过程中逐渐退化。两轮雄蕊原基为离心发生:位于内侧的一轮雄蕊原基先发生,每两个原基正对第一轮发生的花被原基,外侧的一轮雄蕊原基后发生,与内轮雄蕊原基互生。心皮与内侧的一轮雄蕊互生。     

青城细辛的花器官发生

利用扫描电镜观察了青城细辛（Asarum splendens）的花器官发生过程。青城细辛的花器官为轮状结构,向心发生,依次为两轮3基数的花被原基,两轮6基数的雄蕊原基和一轮6基数的心皮原基。两轮花被原基互生,只有外轮（先发生的一轮）花被原基完全发育,而内轮（后发生的一轮）花被原基在发育过程中逐渐退化。两轮雄蕊原基为离心发生：位于内侧的一轮雄蕊原基先发生,每两个原基正对第一轮发生的花被原基,外侧的一轮雄蕊原基后发生,与内轮雄蕊原基互生。心皮与内侧的一轮雄蕊互生。     

First Report of Corn Whorl Rot Caused by Serratia marcescens in China

Whorl rot is a novel disease of corn found in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain, China. Common symptoms of the disease in fields include yellowing and water‐soaked brown necrosis of young leaves in the whorl of corn plants, which often results in rot of the whorl. Bacterial streaming was always observed from diseased samples. Bacterial isolates were obtained from symptomatic tissue and further confirmed to be the casual agent of the disease using Koch's Postulates. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, housekeeping gene groES‐groEL and BIOLOG tests revealed that the isolate B3R3 belongs to the bacterium Serratia marcescens. None of the corn cultivars evaluated showed acceptable resistance to the disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report on corn whorl rot caused by Serratia marcescens.