岳鲤(荷包红鲤♀×湘江野鲤♂)及其双亲的血红蛋白和血清蛋白的研究

岳鲤及其双亲有相似的血红蛋白电泳带谱;双亲的血清蛋白电泳结果存在差异,表现在主带和弱带上;F1代岳鲤表现了亲本的血清蛋白,B1区主带偏父本,B2区主带除其中一条外均与母本相同。性别之间、个体之间的差异可辨。作者认为血清蛋白可用来作为鱼类育种中区别双亲、亲本及后代的遗传标记。       

柏氏鲤、镜鲤和红鲤及其杂种F_1主要形态学性状遗传的比较研究

通过柏氏鲤和镜鲤、红鲤的种间杂交,比较了它们之间3个杂交组合F_1和亲本的形态学性状,观察到在鳞被、体色、头长、体高、鳃耙数等性状上,亲本与杂种F_1之间有较大的遗传差异。3个杂交组F_1的杂种指数虽都间于双亲的中间值,但各自偏向母本,且有些性状表现出超亲趋向。同时,观察到由于杂交的互补作用,杂种F_1不仅组合了某些有利的形态学性状,而且提高了杂种的有关经济性能。如红柏F_1生长快于双亲;镜柏F_1和柏镜F_1的头变小,3个杂种F_1的鳃耙数增加,摄食范围扩大和起捕率明显提高等。在此基础上,如进一步用回交等选育方法,可望育成一个以浮游生物为食,起捕率高和生长快的鲤鱼新品种。     

鲤鲫人工多倍体谱系中同工酶和蛋白的基因表达

通过对红鲤、红鲫、镜鲤、鲤鲫杂种二倍体一代,二代,鲤鲫杂种三倍体,鲤鲫复合三倍体,鲤鲫杂种四倍体一代,二代的同工酶及蛋白电泳谱型和扫描数据分析表明,在鲤鲫人工多倍体谱系中,亲代的等位基因在杂交子代中共有四种表达模式;（1）两亲本基因在子代中共同表达,即共显表达;（2）父本的基因表达受到部分或完全的抑制,即母本的基因优先得到表达;（3）母本的基因表达受到抑制,父本的基因得到表达;（4）双亲本的基因表达均受到一定程度的抑制或都不表达。其中第一种表达模式是主要的模式。根据以上基因在杂交子代中的表达特点,可用同工酶和蛋白电泳图谱将鲤鲫人工多倍体谱系的各种生物型逐一加以区分。     

几种罗非鱼乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶的电泳研究

用淀粉凝胶垂直平板电泳比较分析了三种口孵类型罗非鱼的6种组织的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)同工酶谱及其相对迁移特性,发现这两种同工酶在各个种内表现出组织的分布特异性,而在各个种间又具有明显的差异。利用LDH同工酶的F基因和MDH同工酶的A、B、C、D基因作为遗传标志,能够将亲缘关系相近的这三种罗非鱼区别开来,从而为形态分类学提供了新的生化证据,并且对于以育种为目的的亲本选择,具有一定的实用意义。     

通过“供体-受体”原生质体融合将裸燕麦部分核基因组转移给普通小麦(英文)

本文进行了小麦和裸燕麦悬浮细胞原生质体的电融合,并基于双亲失活(用IOA处理受体小麦原生质体,用γ-射线照射供体裸燕麦细胞系),获得可能的杂种愈伤组织。对7块愈伤组织进行了乙醇脱氢酶(Adh)同工酶筛选,发现5块表现出双亲特征酶带。对3个杂种细胞系进行5种同工酶分析,证实它们均为稳定的不对称体细胞核杂种细胞系;它们表现出小麦的完整谱带和裸燕麦的部分谱带。对2个杂种细胞系及亲本的核糖体DNA Southern分析结果表明只有一个杂种细胞系(HB 95)含有双亲的全部谱带。细胞学观察表明,2个杂种细胞系的染色体数目均显著高于双亲。从杂种细胞系HB 94中分化出叶原基等分化结构。Adh同工酶分析表明,这些分化结构具有和母体细胞系完全相同的杂种谱带。     

过氧化物酶同工酶应用于甜瓜杂交种真实性与纯度检测研究

本研究利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析了甜瓜(Cucumis melo.L)84—3等六个杂交种及其双亲的苗期过氧化物酶同工酶谱变化,按生长顺序在苗期进行了四次取样,每次取样均取全株。分析结果表明:甜瓜苗期生一片真叶时酶谱丰富,为取样最佳时期,同一组合中,F_1的过氧化物酶同工酶谱与亲本的过氧化物酶同工酶谱是有差异的,存在“杂种酶带”和“互补酶带”,利用过氧化物酶同工酶谱技术对甜瓜84-3等六个组合进行纯度检测结果与田间纯度检测结果相比符合率为99.1％。     

芥菜型油菜与海甘蓝属间杂种的获得与鉴定

通过常规杂交,结合胚胎挽救方法,获得“泸州四棱油菜”(Brassica juncea(L.)Coss.)与海甘蓝(Crambe abyssinica Hochst.ex R.E.Fries)的属间杂种,杂种的诱导率为2.1％。杂种F_1形态分别倾向于双亲之一或介于双亲之间,后期发育延迟,叶子皱缩。F_1的花粉大小变幅很大,同时还具有父本的4沟花粉类型,占10％～15％;花粉育性很低,通过荧光素二醋酸酯(FDA)测定,有活力的花粉平均为18.5％。F_1体细胞染色体数为63,介于双亲染色体数之间,花粉母细胞具有63~I。采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直凝胶电泳,杂种F_1代的同工酶具有父本的特征酶带,这进一步说明杂种的正确性。     

黄色鲤、蓝色鲤、红色鲤杂交的体色及鳞被遗传特性

进行黄色鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、蓝色鲤及红色鲤的自交和杂交试验,统计分析子代的体色及鳞被分离情况。结果表明,实验选择的亲本,红色鲤的体色和鳞被都是纯合基因型;蓝色鲤的体色是纯合型,鳞被是杂合型;黄色鲤的体色和鳞被都是杂合型。它们彼此杂交的体色遗传规律较复杂,子代中不但具有亲本的红、黄、蓝体色,还出现了其他色彩,如青灰色、白色、青黄色和蓝白色,部分红色个体的背部还呈暗黑色。同时,实验还观察了不同体色鲤的鳞片、鳍条色素细胞分布情况,分析和讨论了鲤杂交的体色遗传特性。     

茄子同工酶与若干形态性状的遗传研究

本文对S.melongena与S.incanum种间杂交的双亲、F_1和BC_1进行了同工酶电泳分析,测定了SDH、PER、MDH和ME 4种酶的同工酶遗传特性。结果表明在双亲、F_1和BC_1中,ME酶谱表现一致;SDH、PER和MDH 3种酶的酶谱表现出明显的、有规律的差异。系统地探讨了它们的遗传特性,对它们的基因位点、等位基因数目和虚等位基因进行了适当的命名。实验还发现同工酶之间不存在遗传连锁。同时,试验所观察的多数形态性状受1对基因控制,而第一花朵着生位置和花柱长度两性状则受2对基因控制。并且发现叶刺与茎刺以及花色与茎刺间存在遗传连锁;SDH同工酶与叶基角以及花柱长度间存在遗传连锁。     

四倍体大燕麦×六倍体裸燕麦的杂种F1的产生及鉴定

本研究以四倍体大燕麦 (AvenamagnaL .)做母本 ,六倍体裸燕麦 (AvenanudaL .)做父本进行杂交 ,利用幼胚拯救技术获得了杂种F1,并对其后代形态特征进行了观察 ;对杂种F1同工酶图谱和DNA指纹图谱进行了分析。杂种F1形态特征偏亲本或介于双亲之间 ;同工酶研究表明多数F1具有双亲互补酶带 ;RAPD分析不同引物扩增产物F1呈共显性或偏父、偏母。这些结果表明F1为真杂种     

Distribution and homologies of subunits in the LDH isoenzyme pattern of urodeles.

1. The subunit distribution and homologies of LDH isoenzymes are investigated in the species Triturus vulgaris, cristatus, alpestris and helveticus, and Ambystoma mexicanum by means of immunoprecipitation and starch gel electrophoresis. 2. Fresh tissue extracts contain the following patterns: (a) Trit. vulgaris--Two isoenzymes: the M4 and H4 tetramers. No hybrid formation is observed between H and M subunits. (b) Trit. cristatus--Two isoenzymes: the M4 and H4 tetramers. Occasional hybrid formation between H and M subunits takes place. (c) Trit. alpestris--Six isoenzymes: the M4, H4, H3H', H2H'2, HH'3 and H'4 tetramers. No hybrid formation between the M and the H and H' subunits is detected. (d) Trit. helveticus--Six isoenzymes: the M4, H4, H3H', H2H'2, HH'3, and H'4 tetramers; the H' subunit is more positively charged than the M subunit, which leads to pattern reversal in heart and skeletal muscle tissues. No hybrid formation between the M and the H and H' subunits is observed. (e) Ambyst. mex.--Eleven isoenzymes in heart, eye and brain, six isoenzymes in all other tissues tested. The presence of two M subunits, which form hybrids with the H subunit in a restricted way, is suggested. 3. In tissue extracts of the tested species the tendency of all present LDH subunits to form hybrids with each other without restriction is increased after prolonged storage at 2 degrees C. 4. The most acidic of the major isoenzymes (LDH1) in Trit. vulgaris, cristatus and helveticus tends to split into a series of sub-bands which migrate faster to the anode than the original main band.     

Isozyme expression in F1 hybrids between carp and goldfish

Interspecific genetic differences in malate dehydrogenase (MDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and esterase (EST) isozymes in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) were used to examine the allelic expressions in the hybrid between these species. A unique liver SOD and muscle LDH phenotype unambiguously identifies all presumed hybrid individuals. There was no evidence of F₂ or backcross phenotypes in hybrid individuals. Liver MDH and EST phenotypes in hybrids show a preferential expression of goldfish isozymes. Variation in the levels of carp liver MDH isozymes may result from the polymorphism of a regulatory mutation affecting isozyme expression, leading to gene silencing after duplication.This work was supported through NSERC (Canada) grants to James P. Bogart and John F. Leatherland.     

On intratetrametric catalytic independency of active sites of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes]

Interrelations of active sites of tetrameric molecules of human lactatedehydrogenase (LDH), known as intratetrameric catalytic independency of subunits, are studied. Estimation of catalytic activity of subunits, which compose hybrid LDH isoenzymes, is carried out. Ratios of molecular activity of subunits are calculated and a conclution is drawn on the catalytic independency of LDH isoenzymes active sites with respect to substrate inhibition by L-lactate. Possible mechanisms of substrate inhibition of LDH isoenzymes and their inactivation with urea in the view of different interrelations of active sites of these isoenzymes under conditions studied are discussed.     

Changes in lactate and malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in salmonella under the effect of potassium dichloroisocyanurate

The method of enzyme-electrophoresis in agar gel according to Wieme (1959) was used for the study of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isoenzymes of 24-hour and 48-hour Salmonella cultures exposed to a 0.02% solution of potassium dichloroisocyanurate (PDIC). Severe repression of LDH and MDH isoenzymes was observed immediately after the exposure of the culture to the disinfectant solution. A significant decrease in the content of the isoenzyme LDH1 and of the cytoplasmic fraction (C1) of MDH simultaneously with the appearance of the fractions LDH4, LDH1a and LDH1b were established in the strains cultured on MPA in the course of 24 hours following the exposure. A tendency to a decrease in the LDH1 content was preserved in the experimental cultures after 48 hours, but the spectrum of MDH isoenzymes showed almost no differences in comparison with that of MDH isoenzymes in 48-hour cultures of the control strains.     

东方田鼠乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究

目的研究乳酸脱氢同工酶在3种东方田鼠不同器官的分布.方法以大鼠和小鼠作对照,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对3个不同地区的东方田鼠(Microtusfortis)血清、红细胞、肝脏、肾脏、肺中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶进行分析.结果东方田鼠血浆中只有LDH5,血清中湖南洞庭湖地区、宁夏青铜峡地区的东方田鼠也只有LDH5,而东北地区的东方田鼠则含有LDH1和LDH5,3个地区的东方田鼠肾脏和肺中都有5种LDH同工酶,肝脏中除东北地区的东方田鼠含5种LDH同工酶外,其余两种东方田鼠均以LDH5为主(LDH5占95%以上).结论东北地区东方田鼠乳酸脱氢酶同工酶谱与其他两地的东方田鼠不相同.     

Isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) in Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda)

The isoenzymes of LDH (EC 1.1.1.27) were studied in Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Fasciola hepatica by horizontal electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. Six isoenzymes in D. dendriticum and four in F. hepatica were detected. Densitometric scans demonstrated that the enzyme pattern of LDH in D. dendriticum parasitizing hepatic tissue of Capra hircus was clearly different from the one obtained when the trematode parasitized other hosts such as Bos taurus or Ovis aries.     

Additional lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in normal testis and spermatozoa of adult man

Summary Adult human testicular tissue contains up to six previously undescribed lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in addition to the five LDH isoenzymes normally found and the sixth found in spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa, LDH-X. Additional LDH isoenzymes were also found in spermatozoa but not in seminal fluid or in serum. After electrophoresis one additional LDH isoenzyme of testicular tissue was localized between LDH-1 and LDH-2, two between LDH-2 and LDH-3, two between LDH-3 and LDH-4, and two between LDH-4 and LDH-5. These localizations indicate that the additional LDH isoenzymes are tetramers combining the A and B subunits of the five normal LDH isoenzymes and the C subunit of LDH-X. The additional LDH isoenzymes may be important in the metabolism of spermatogenic germ cells and spermatozoa.     

L.D.H. and L.D.H. isoenzymes of the intra-uterine secretions of the cow during the estrous cycle

Uterine secretions were collected from 20 mature cows during estrus (day 0), metestrus (day 5), diestrus (day 10) and proestrus (day-1). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH isoenzymes activity were evaluated. No significant cyclic variations of LDH activity was found in the uterine secretions while the mean of the enzyme activity was higher during the estrogenic period of the cycle. The relative activity of LDH-1, LDH-2 and LDH-3 isoenzymes were higher during proestrus and estrus whereas LDH-5 activity was more important during metestrus. The LDH-3 seems to have the higher relative activity in uterine secretions of the cow.     

大豆黄酮对衰老小鼠脑组织SOD、LDH同工酶的影响

利用SOD和LDH同工酶电泳分析,研究大豆黄酮对衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用。结果显示大豆黄酮没有改变SOD和LDH同工酶谱的特征,但对因衰老引起的小鼠脑组织LDH和SOD同工酶活性、各组分的相对活性和比活力的变化有不同程度的改善作用,即LDH同工酶中LDH-2、LDH-3的活性明显下降,LDH-1的活性下降最为明显,而LDH-4的活性有所下降,但不显著,LDH-5的活性几乎没有变化,SOD同工酶的SOD-1和SOD-2的活性有不同程度的升高。这表明大豆黄酮是通过抑制LDH同工酶H亚基的合成来降低LDH的活性,而对M亚基的合成没有影响,并且能够促进SOD同工酶SOD-1和SOD-2的合成,不影响其遗传稳定性。     

Lactate dehydrogenase from the northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica: comparison with LDH from the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba

Electrophoretic polymorphism of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) from abdominal muscle is reported in the northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica. In the population, from the Gullmarsfjord (west coast of Sweden), LDH was encoded for by two different Ldh-A* and -B* loci. The isoenzymes were named according to their electrophoretic mobilities. Ldh-A* locus was polymorphic. The allelic frequencies were a=0.99, a'=0.002, a"=0.004, a"'=0.004. The level of LDH polymorphism is low. Most individuals possess the same amount of two LDH homopolymers (LDH-A*(4) and LDH-B*(4)). The Meganyctiphanes norvegica LDH-A*(4) and LDH-B*(4) isoenzymes and the predominant LDH-A*(4) isoenzyme from Euphausia superba were purified to specific activities of 294, 306 and 464 micromol NADH min(-1) mg(-1), respectively. In both species the LDH isoenzymes were separated by chromatofocusing. All three isoenzymes are L-specific tetramers with molecular weight of approximately 160 kDa. Northern krill LDH-A*(4) has higher affinity for pyruvate and lactate and is more thermostable than LDH-B*(4). Both isoenzymes are inhibited significantly by high concentration of pyruvate but not lactate. Antarctic krill isoenzyme exhibits high substrate affinities, high NAD inhibition, high inhibition at 10 mM pyruvate, lack of lactate inhibition, and high heat stability and resembles northern krill LDH-A*(4) isoenzyme.