THE PLIOCENE MICROMAMMALIAN FAUNA FROM JINGLE, SHANXI——A DISCUSSION OF THE AGE OF JINGLE RED CLAY

<正> The Cenozoic deposits of Jingle area was first explored by Teilhard de Chardin & Young in 1929, and six species of mammals: Hipparion houfenense, Gazella blacki Antilospira licenti, Elephas sp., Cervus sp., and Rhinocerotidae gen. indet, were found from the Red Clay in Loc. 1 (Hefeng). Based on the Jingle Fauna, Teilhard de Chardin & Young concluded that the fossil-bearing layer was situated between the typical Hipparion richthofeni Red Clay (Pontian) and the Sanmenian deposits (Polycene) (Teilhard de Chardin & Young, 1930, 1931) and called it "Upper Pontian". Since then, Jingle Formation (or Jingle Red Clay) has been widely used in the stratigraphic generalization of North China (Pei et al., 1963) although its definition and age assignment have never been cleared up. "Jinglean" was put into use for the first time as a stage name by Li et al. (1984, in Chinese) to represent Early Pliocene tentatively: "It may be equivalent to Early Pliocene, more plausibly, it is later ...... Jinglean was temporarily used here to represent Early Pliocene by tradition." In order to make clear the age of Jingle Red Clay and enrich the Hefeng Fauna, a field survey was made in the Summer of 1986 by Chen Xiaofeng and the author. An assemblage of fossil micromammals was unearthed by means of wet-sieving techniques. About 1 ton of sediments from Hefeng (Loc. 86007, or Loc. 1) and Xiagaoai (Loc. 86008, or Loc. 2) in Jingle county (see fig. 1), yielded over 1000 specimens of small mammals. The specimens are from four layers (see table 1), and the present paper only deals with the micromammals from the sand layer and the Red Clay at Hefeng (fig. 2).     

A NEW SUBSPECIES OF THE SILVER PHEASANT FROM SZECHWAN, CHINA——LOPHUA NYCTHEMERA OMEIENSIS

The occurrence of silver pheasants in Szechwan has aroused much interest and con-cern. Specimens previously collected there by Tang Jui-chang and others have recentlybeen examined and found to belong to a new subspecies, which we propose to nameas:     

THE ARAGONIAN VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF XIACAOWAN, JIANGSU——7. APLODONTIDAE (RODENTIA, MAMMALIA)

<正> The fossils which form the subject of the present study were collected in the recent years from the middle Miocene Xiacaowan Formation at three sites, Songlinzhuang, Shuanggou and Zhengji of Sihong, Jiangsu. Most of the material from the first two sites have been reported previously as Prosciurus sp. (Li et al., 1983). Further study indicates that all the specimens mentioned and the M_1/2 previously assigned to Prosciurus? shantungensis Rensberger et Li (1986) are quite different from those of Prosciurus, but represent a new genus, Ansomys. In some features, the new form resembles Plesispermorphilus? descedens of Europe. For the two taxa a new subfamily Ansomyinae is created. It is morphologically intermediate between Meniscomyinae and Allomyinae, and may be the sister taxon of the higher aplodontids Allomyinae and Aplodontinae.     

THE EFFECT OF N,N''''—DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE ON THE FREQUENCY OF MICRONUCLEI IN BONE MARROW POLYCHROMATIC ERYTHROCYTES OF MICE

The micronucleus test is a reliable short-term in vivo test for detectingpotential clastogens or spindle poisons.Using the micronucleus test to evaluatethe mutagenic effect of N, N＇-Dimcthyl formamide(DMF)on bonemarrow polychromatic erythrocytes,Kunming strain mice were treated withthe drug in single and multiple injection tests.     

THE 2ND CONGRESS OF THE PALEOBOTANICAL SOCIETY OF PSC HELD IN NANJING

The 2nd Congress of the Paleobotanical Society of Palaeontological Society and the Paleobolanical symposium (1987) held from November 24th to 27th at Nanjing, Jiangsu. Present at the meeting were 86 Chinese paleobotanists and several students from research institutes, universities, colleges, natural historical museums and geological, coal- and petroleum-prospecting parties.     

BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF SOUTH CHINA CONTENTS Ⅰ-Ⅱ

No.I 1992,!New and noteworthy species of Myrsinaceae from China and Vietnam……………………………Hu Ofiming(1)A new Medidnal species of C_.hirita(G粼riaoeae)from Guangxi……Huan${~"fftngchun and Chert XitLxlang(14)Qvantitative studies on the seed plant flora of china I.Computer programs for the smtigical analysis of the seed plant flora·……·……·……-…·………………·……·……一Fu Dezhi,Li yi and Xue Yanhong(22)Studies On Epiphyllous Liverworts in China(V)一Ep.phyllous liverwo…     

SOME ORDOVICIAN GONIOCERATIDS OF NORTH CHINA

The cephalopods described in the present paper were mainly collected from the Badou Formation in the Zhangqiu district of central Shandong and the Fengfeng Formation in the Fengfeng city of southern Hebei by the writer and his colleagues in 1982-1983. They consist of 3 genera and 11 species, including 1 new genus and 9 new species. This paper also discusses previous reports on the Gonioceras from China and the contrast of the Badou Formation with the Fengfeng Formation as well as ecology, migration, origin and evolution of gonioceratids.     

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF ZOOPLANKTON IN THE MAIN STEM OF THE MIDDLE YANGTZE RIVER北大核心CSCD

To better understand zooplankton distribution and its relationship with the physical-chemical factors in middle Yangtze River, we collected 20 zooplankton samples from segments at Yichang, Jingzhou, Yueyang, Wuhan and Hukou in October, 2016. A total of 23 species that belong to 13 families and 14 genera were identified, among which 16 species belong to Rotifera, 4 to Copepoda and 3 to Cladocera. Among the five segments, the highest number of zooplankton species was detected at Hukou (9 species), while the lowest was at Yueyang (5 species). The average density at Wuhan (10.94±5.81) ind./L was higher than that at Hukou and the other segments. Rotifers (3.41±0.21) ind./L were dominant in the zooplanktonic community, and Keratella valga, Synchacta atylata and Keratella cochlearis were the dominant species. The average density of copepods (mainly nauplius) was (0.75±0.07) ind./L. Cladocera had the lowest average density. Similarly, the zooplankton biomass at Wuhan was also higher than that at Hukou and the other three segments. Comparing with studies at other segments of Yangtze River, we detected lower zooplankton diversity in our investigation. Spearman correlations indicated that the biomass and diversity of zooplankton were significantly and positively correlated (P<0.05) to chlorophyll a. © 2019, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.     

ON SOME SPECIES OF GLOBULAROSCHONGASTIA AND TROMBICULA

1. Globularoschongastia rattihaikonga sp. nov. (Figs. 1-13). When alive, both body and eyes are red in color. Well-fed specimensmeasure 493 μlong and 273 μwide. Gnathosoma measures 91 μlong and85 μ wide. Gnathosoma or capitulum. Gnathosoma large. Chelicera punctate dorso-proximally and with a tricuspid cap distally. Galeal setae nude but veryoccasionally with one tiny branch. Palpal segments: setae on femur andgenu plumose; those on dorsal and ventral side of tibia plumose, while thelateral ones nude but occasionally with 1-2 branches; on tarsus are one     

PARASITIC COPEPODS FROM FISHES OF CHINA——Ⅲ. CALIGOIDA, CALIGIDAE (2)

In early summer, 1957, a small collection of parasitic copepods was obtained from the body surface of certain marine fishes along the coast of peichihli Bay. From the material obtained, four species belonging to the genus Lepeophtheirus and one species to the genus Caligus, have been identified.     

Lasker takes two——Discoveries were honored for defining major components of our lymphoid system

<正>On September 10,2019,Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research was given to Drs.Max D.Cooper (Emory University School of Medicine,USA) and Jacques Miller(Emeritus,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research,Australia) for identification of"two distinct classes of lymphocytes,B and T cells".They were credited for having"launched the course of modern immunology (http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/show/b-and-t-cells-organizing-principle-adaptive-immune-system/).     

RESULTS OF THE ZOOLOGICO-BOTANICAL EXPEDITION OF ACADEMIA SINICA AND ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USSR TO SOUTHWEST CHINA 1955--1957(COLEOPTERA, LANGURIIDAE)

The Languriid beetles here dealt with were collected by Chinese and Soviet entomolo-gists during their co-operative expeditions to Yunnan in the years 1955---1957 and to Sze-chuan in 1955. The collection contains 35 species of which 6 are new to science and 9were hitherto unknown from China. The new species are characterized as follows:Tetralanguria apicata, n. sp. (fig. 1)     

CONTAMINATED LEVEL AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF PAES IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER北大核心CSCD

PAEs have been proved to be one of the major organic pollutants. The present study determined the level of PAEs using surface water samples from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The results showed that DEHP contributed the most to PAEs pollution, followed by DBP. Risk Quotients of PAEs were used for preliminary screening, and DEHP and BBP were identified as potential risk factors with RQ of 310 and 70.7. The MOS10 of DEHP and BBP were 1.40 and 1.32×105, respectively, indicating that BBP may pose little risk to aquatic organisms. The potential risk of DEHP was further analyzed with joint probabilistic curves. Among different biological groups, fish and zoobenthos were two major groups sensitive to DEHP-induced damage under current concentrations with 99.4% and 98.3% for 5% species of each group. While among the toxicity endpoints, reproduction may be more sensitive than others. The 5% and 10% aquatic species were suffered from reproductive damages by 100% and 97.8%, respectively. Overall, our results indicated that DEHP in the surface water of the upper Yangtze River may pose potential risk to aquatic organisms, especially on their reproduction. Therefore, more concerns should be paid in species protection and environmental management. © 2019, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.     

KARYOTYPES OF THREE AGAMID SPECIES

Based primarily on internal anatomy, the genus Agama (sensu la to) of Agamidae was subdivided into six genera: Agama, Laudakia, Trapelus, Pseudotrapelus, Brachysaura, and Xenagama[1,2]. Several species belonging to Laudakia and Trapelus distributed in China. Karyotypes of Laudakia stoliczkana (Tiemen Guan, Turpan) and Trapelus sanguinolentus (Huocheng) from Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, China were studied by Wu[3] and Ma et al[4] respectively. Different populations of the …     

THE 3RD NATIONAL CONGRESS AND THE 12TH CONVENTION OF PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CHINA HELD IN SUZHOU(APRIL 16—22,1979)

Fifty years have elapsed,since the founding in 1929 of the Pa(?)aeontological So-ciety of China.With the aim to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Society,toreview the research fruits of palaeontology gained in the past fifty years,especiallyfollowing the founding of new China,and to organize the nation-wide palaeonto-logists for realizing the modernization of the country,the Palaeontological Society ofChina held from 16th—24th April in Suzhou the 3rd national congress and the 12thconvention simultaneously.About 287 voting representatives and 216 nonvoting re-     

THE ROLE OF BACTERIAL SYMBIONTS IN AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF BLACK BEAN APHIDS

To evaluate the role of bacterial symbionts ( Buchnera spp. ) in the black bean aphids ( Aphis craccivora Koch), the aphids were treated with the antibiotic, rifampicin, to eliminate their intracellular symbiotic bacteria. Analysis of protein and amino acid concentration in 7-day-old of aposymbiotic aphids showed that the total protein content per mg fresh weight was significantly reduced by 29 %, but free amino acid titers were increased by 17% . The ratio of the essential amino acids was in general only around 20% essential amino acids in phloem sap of broad bean, whereas it was 44% and 37% in symbiotic and aposymbiotic aphids, respectively,suggesting that the composition of the free amino acids was unbalanced. For example, the essential amino acid,threonine represented 21. 6% of essential amino acids in symbiotic aphids, but it was only 16.7% in aposymbiotic aphids. Likewise, two nonessential amino acids, tyrosine and serine, represented 8.9% and 5.6% of total amino acids in symbiontic aphids, respectively, but they enhanced to 21.1% and 13.6% in aposymbiotic aphids. It seems likely that the elevated free amino acid concentration in aposymbiotic aphids was caused by the limited protein anabolism as the result of the unbalanced amino acid composition.     

BIOGRAPHY OF PROFESSOR ZHEN YAO

Professor Zhen YAO, Ph.D., a distinguished cell biologist and a Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Editor-in-Chief of Cell Research, passed away at 9：55 am on November 4^th, 2005 in Shanghai at the age of 90. He is survived by his wife, Jing DING, his son Li Xing YAO, and granddaughter, Qin Yi YAO.     

A SURVEY OF SIZES AND WEIGHTS OF BEMISIA TABACI（HOMOPTERA： ALEYRODIDAE）B BIOTYPE LIFE STAGES FROM FIELD GROWN COTTON AND CANTALOUPES

Size and weight measurements were made for all the life stages of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B biotype from field grown cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L. ) and cantaloupe ( Cucumis melo L., var. cantalupensis )in Phoenix, AZ and Fargo, ND, USA in 2000 and 2001. Nymphal volumes were derived from the measurements.The average nymphal volume increase for settled 1 st to the late 4th instar was exponential. The greatest increase in body volume occurred during development from the 3rd to early 4th instar. Nymphs on cotton leaves were wider,but not longer compared with those on cantaloupe. Ventral and dorsal depth ratios of nymphal bodies from 1st tolate 4th instars from cantaloupe leaves were significantly greater compared with those from cotton leaves. During nymphal development from 1st to 4th instar, the average (from the two host species) ventral body half volume in-creased by nearly 51 times compared with an increase of 28 times for the dorsal body half volume. Adult female and male average lengths, from heads to wing tips, were 1 126 μm and 953 μm, respectively. Average adult fe-male and male weights were 39 and 17 μg, respectively. Average widths, lengths, and weights of eggs from cottonand cantaloupe were, 99 μm, 197 μm, and 0.8 μg, respectively. Average widths, lengths, and weights for exu-viae of non-parasitized nymphs from both cotton and cantaloupe were 492 μm, 673 μm, and 1.20 μg, respective-ly; and widths, lengths, and weights of parasitized nymph exuviae were 452 μm, 665 μm, and 3.62 μg, respec-tively. Both exuviae from non-parasitized and parasitized nymphs from cotton leaves were wider, longer, and heavier than those from cantaloupe leaves.