从X线片研究不同类型的体育运动对胫骨内、外径的影响

本文对45名男少年(依其从事运动情况分为举重、跳跃组,不从事专项运动者为普通组)胫骨正位和侧位X线片进行了观察、测量,并对三组胫骨的髓腔径、内外横径比和内外矢状径比等指标进行了统计分析。结果表明:不同机能对髓腔大小的影响既在某些方面相似,又在另一些方面出现不同的趋势;对内外径比的某些方面也有不同影响;内外径比变化趋势并非国外某些学者所记载的以8:11最为适宜。     

中国汉族男性腰椎的身高推断

本文研究了中国汉族男性腰椎的测量及腰椎推断身高的方法。测量指标有 :椎体前高、椎体后高、椎体上矢径、椎体下矢径、椎体上横径、椎体下横径、椎体中部横径、椎孔矢状径、椎孔横径、左侧椎弓根厚度。将各腰椎的测量数据与身高进行了相关分析并建立了中国汉族男性腰椎推断身高的回归方程。本研究所建立的方程 ,可以用于中国汉族男性腰椎的身高推断。     

西安地区现代人胫骨的人类学研究

本文对西安地区现代成人胫骨100副(男50,女50)进行了人类学的研究。按马丁方法测量了胫骨全长、髁踝长,上下段宽,上内侧和上外侧关节面的矢径,下段矢径,滋养孔平面最大横径和矢径,体最小周径和胫骨扭转角。计算出胫骨指数,长厚指数和胫股指数。并对一些数据进行了种族和地区的对比。     

快速扩弓前方牵引矫治替牙期骨性反合效果的CT观察

目的:应用CBCT观察快速扩弓前方牵引矫治替牙期骨性安氏Ⅲ类错合对上气道的影响。方法:选取替牙期骨性安氏Ⅲ类错合患者22例,采用上颌快速扩弓前方牵引治疗,应用CBCT评估矫治前后上气道的大小和形态的变化。结果:替牙期骨性安氏Ⅲ类错合患者矫治后上气道的总体积、腭咽、舌咽、喉咽及口咽体积显著增大(P0.05);软腭尖、会厌顶平面上气道的截面积及口咽段最小截面积、软腭尖平面矢状径、横径与会厌顶平面横径均显著增大(P0.05);硬腭平面的截面积、横径与矢状径及会厌平面的矢状径无显著变化(P0.05)。软腭尖平面上气道的矢横径比显著增大,会厌顶平面的矢横径比显著减小(P0.05)。结论:快速扩弓前方牵引矫治替牙期骨性安氏Ⅲ类错合患者后上气道变大。     

太行山猕猴第Ⅶ颈椎变量的异速生长分析

以肱骨最大长为参照,对成年太行山猕猴第Ⅶ颈椎变量进行了异速生长分析。结果表明,椎体后高、椎体上矢径、全宽呈正异速生长;椎体下横径接近等速生长;椎体前高、椎体下矢径、椎体上横径、椎孔矢径、椎孔横径、矢径呈负异速生长。     

通过骨盆外测量推算中骨盆径的一元和多元回归方程

本文以126例生育年龄非妊娠女工的髂结节间径、髂前上棘间径、大转子间径及坐骨结节间径为自变量估计因变量中骨盆横径,求出多元回归方程:=—6.89+0.05x_1+0.12x_2+0.23x_3+0.77x_4;以骶耻外径和骨盆倾斜度为自变量估计因变量中骨盆矢径,其回归方程为:=6.09+0.39x_1-0.05x_2。对两方程进行方差分析,其F值分别为4.069和8.26,均具高度显著性,可以应用于临床对中骨盆径的估计以取代X线测量法。     

某些动物非负重指骨骨密质组织学研究

根据对成年猪、兔、小白鼠的非负重指骨与负重指骨骨密质的组织结构的观察,发现:1.猪、兔的非负重指骨骨密质的哈弗氏骨板及骨间板部位出现空洞,内环骨板缺失,外环骨板不完整或缺失。并与负重指骨骨密质比较,分析了非负重指骨骨密质产生改变的原因。2.小自鼠的非负重指骨与负重指骨骨密质均为三层结构,非负重指骨停留在以软骨板为主阶段;负重指骨停留在软骨组织演化为骨组织过程中。     

成人骨性Ⅱ类不同垂直骨面型上气道及舌骨形态位置的三维研究

目的:研究成人骨性II类不同垂直骨面型上气道与舌骨形态及位置的差异。方法:随机选择60名成人骨性II类患者,男女比例1:1,依据GoGn-SN角分为三组(高角组、均角组及低角组),在自然头位下拍摄CBCT,运用MIMICS软件对上呼吸道及舌骨进行三维建模并测量21项相关指标,分析不同垂直骨面型之间上气道各段之间及舌骨形态、位置的差异。结果:不同垂直骨面型之间鄂咽上界平面矢状径长度(PNSL)存在显著性差异(P0.05),上气道各段高度(UTH、ETH)及宽度(PNSW、UTW、ETW)之间比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。高角组上气道鄂咽下界及舌咽下界矢状径长度(UTL、ETL)与均角和低角组均存在显著差异(P0.01),随着垂直骨面型增大,呈现高角均角低角的趋势。高角组上气道鄂咽及舌咽体积明显小于均角和低角,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。舌骨形态及位置在不同垂直骨面型之间无差异(P0.05)。结论:不同垂直向生长方式对上气道产生影响较大,而对舌骨的生长发育无影响。     

数字化导航技术在人工全膝关节置换中的初步应用研究

目的:探讨数字化导航技术在人工全膝关节置换术中应用的可行性及初步临床应用。方法:对我院2013年6月至2014年6月行单侧全膝关节置换术的80例患者,按照抽签法随机分为数字化导航组40例及传统手术组40例,导航组术前设计个性化定制导航模板,术中应用导航模板截骨,传统组应用厂家器械截骨。分别测量两组患者手术前后的髋-膝-踝角、冠状面股骨和胫骨截骨面与机械轴夹角、矢状面股骨和胫骨截骨面与外旋和后倾夹角,记录每一例患者手术时间及术中出血量并进行对比。结果:数字化导航组患者的手术时间及术中出血量均少于传统手术组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与传统手术组比较,数字化导航组术后冠状面FFC角及FTC角平均偏差角度较小,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与传统手术组比较,数字化导航组术后矢状面LFC角及LTC角平均偏差角度较小,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:数字化导航技术在人工膝关节置换术中具有快速、个性化及精确性高等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

抗感染活性骨治疗感染性胫骨骨不连的临床研究

目的:观察抗感染活性骨(ARBX)治疗感染性胫骨骨不连的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析我院自2008年1月-2015年1月收治并系统随访应用抗感染骨治疗的36例创伤后感染性骨不连病例,给予原内固定取出或外架拆除,病灶清除,去除硬化骨及死骨,髓腔再通,抗感染活性骨植骨,外架或钢板重新固定,统计患者病程时间,伤口愈合时间,患者院前手术次数,滴注引流时间及抗生素应用疗程,骨性愈合时间,内、外固定物拆除时间以及功能恢复情况,并总结治疗疗效。结果:平均随访2.4年(1年2月-4年10月),骨不连彻底治愈30例,4例患者感染控制,半皮质愈合,2例感染复发,骨不连未愈合。结论:1抗感染活性骨是治疗感染性骨不连的一种有效的植骨材料,具有控制感染,促进骨折愈合的作用;2彻底清除坏死,失活组织是控制感染,促进感染性骨不连愈合的关键;3清理断端,断端骨髓腔再通可促进成骨,促进骨折愈合。     

人体胫骨密质厚度变化的X线观察及其生物力学机制的探讨

本文对４５名男少年（含普通组和从事不同运动的举重、跳跃组）的胫骨正位和侧位Ｘ线片进行了观察、测量,并对有关指标进行了统计分析。结果表明：就胫骨密质厚度而言、内侧壁大于外侧壁,前嵴大于后壁,这与人类的活动特点有关。并且举重运动员内侧壁增厚,跳跃运动员前嵴增厚非常显著,这是胫骨密质的运动性适应变化,本文对其生物力学机制进行了探讨。     

GABAA Receptors in the Pars Compacta and GABAB Receptors in the Pars Reticulata of Rat Substantia Nigra Modulate the Striatal Dopamine Release

The nigral GABAergic regulation of striatal dopamine release was investigated using voltammetry in freely moving rats. The local administration of muscimol (1 nM) in the substantia nigra pars compacta, but not in the substantia nigra pars reticulata, increased the striatal dopamine release. In contrast, the administration of baclofen (10 nM) in the substantia nigra pars reticulata, but not in the substantia nigra pars compacta, produced a decrease of the striatal dopamine release. Opposite effects were respectively observed after administration of GABA_A and GABA_B antagonists. These data lead us to suggest a differential presynaptic GABAergic control of the dopaminergic neurotransmission through GABA_A receptors in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and GABA_B receptors in the substantia nigra pars reticulata.     

Detrimental deletions: mitochondria, aging and Parkinson's disease

As individuals enter their 80s, they are inevitably confronted with the problem of neuronal loss in the brain. The incidence of the common movement disorder 'mild parkinsonian signs' (MPS) is approximately 50% over the age of 85 years. It has long been known that the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta is a neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, two papers present clear evidence for a high burden of mitochondrial DNA deletions within substantia nigra neurons in aged individuals and individuals with PD, pointing towards a common pathway inevitably leading to neuronal dysfunction and death.     

Biological character of human adipose-derived adult stem cells and influence of donor age on cell replication in culture

To investigate the biological character of human adipose-derived adult stem cells (hADAS cells) when cultured in vitro and the relationship between hADAS cell’s replication activity and the donor’s age factor, and to assess the stem cells as a new source for tissue engineering. hADAS cells are isolated from human adipose tissue of different age groups (from adolescents to olds: <20 years old, 21–40 years old, 41–60 years old and >61 years old groups). The protein markers (CD29, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD49d, HLA-DR, CD106) of hADAS cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) to identify the stem cell, and the cell cycle was examined for P20 hADAS cells to evaluate the safety of the subculture in vitro. The generative activity of hADAS cells in different age groups was also examined by MTT method. The formula “TD = t log2/logNt − logN0” was used to get the time doubling (TD) of the cells. The results showed that the cells kept heredity stabilization by chromosome analysis for at least 20 passages. The TD of these cells increased progressively by ageing, and the TD of the <20 years old group was lower than that of the >61 years old group (statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA), P=0.002, P<0.05). These findings suggested that a higher level of hADAS cells replication activity was found in the younger donators, and they represent novel and valuable seed cells for studies of tissue engineering.     

Distribution of NT-IR perikarya in the brain of the guinea pig with special reference to cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata

Summary The occurrence and distribution of neurotensin-immunoreactive (NT-IR) perikarya was studied in the central nervous system of the guinea pig using a newly raised antibody (KN 1). Numerous NT-IR perikarya were found in the nuclei amygdaloidei, nuclei septi interventriculare, hypothalamus, nucleus parafascicularis thalami, substantia grisea centralis mesencephali, ventral medulla oblongata, nucleus solitarius and spinal cord. The distribution of NT-IR perikarya was similar to that previously described in the rat and monkey. In the gyrus cinguli, hippocampus and nucleus olfactorius, though, no NT-IR neurons were detected in this investigation. Additional immunoreactive perikarya, however, were observed in areas of the ventral medulla oblongata, namely in the nucleus paragigantocellularis, nucleus retrofacialis and nucleus raphe obscurus.The relevance of the NT-IR perikarya within the ventral medulla oblongata is discussed with respect to other neuropeptides, which are found in this area, and to cardiovascular regulation.Abbreviations abl nucleus amygdaloideus basalis lateralis - abm nucleus amygdaloideus basalis medialis - acc nucleus amygdaloideus centralis - aco nucleus amygdaloideus corticalis - ahp area posterior hypothalami - ala nucleus amygdaloideus lateralis anterior - alp nucleus amygdaloideus lateralis posterior - ame nucleus amygdaloideus medialis - atv area tegmentalis ventralis - bst nucleus proprius striae terminalis - CA commissura anterior - CC corpus callosum - cgld corpus geniculatum laterale dorsale - cglv corpus geniculatum laterale ventrale - cgm corpus geniculatum mediale - CHO chiasma opticum - CI capsula interna - co nucleus commissuralis - cod nucleus cochlearis dorsalis - cp nucleus caudatus/Putamen - cs colliculus superior - cu nucleus cuneatus - dmh nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami - DP decussatio pyramidum - em eminentia mediana - ent cortex entorhinalis - epi epiphysis - FLM fasciculus longitudinalis medialis - fm nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami pars filiformis - FX fornix - gd gyrus dentatus - gp globus pallidus - gr nucleus gracilis - hl nucleus habenulae lateralis - hm nucleus habenulae medialis - hpe hippocampus - ift nucleus infratrigeminalis - io oliva inferior - ip nucleus interpeduncularis - LM lemniscus medialis - MT tractus mamillo-thalamicus - na nucleus arcuatus - nls nucleus lateralis septi - nms nucleus medialis septi - npca nucleus proprius commissurae anterioris - ns nucleus solitarius - n III nucleus nervi oculomotorii - nt V nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini - ntm nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini - osc organum subcommissurale - P tractus cortico-spinalis - PC pedunculus cerebri - PCI pedunculus cerebellaris inferior - pir cortex piriformis - pol area praeoptica lateralis - pom area praeoptica medialis - prt area praetectalis - pt nucleus parataenialis - pvh nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami - pvt nucleus paraventricularis thalami - r nucleus ruber - re nucleus reuniens - rgi nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis - rl nucleus reticularis lateralis - rm nucleus raphe magnus - ro nucleus raphe obscurus - rp nucleus raphe pallidus - rpc nucleus reticularis parvocellularis - rpgc nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis - sch nucleus suprachiasmaticus - SM stria medullaris thalami - snc substantia nigra compacta - snl substantia nigra lateralis - snr substantia nigra reticularis - ST stria terminalis - tad nucleus anterior dorsalis thalami - tam nucleus anterior medialis thalami - tav nucleus anterior ventralis thalami - tbl nucleus tuberolateralis - tc nucleus centralis thalami - tl nucleus lateralis thalami - tmd nucleus medialis dorsalis thalami - TO tractus opticus - TOL tractus olfactorium lateralis - tpo nucleus posterior thalami - tr nucleus reticularis thalami - trs nucleus triangularis septi - TS tractus solitarius - TS V tractus spinalis nervi trigemini - tvl nucleus ventrolateralis thalami - vmh nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami - vh ventral horn, Columna anterior - zi zona incerta Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (DFG) SFB 90, Carvas     

The absolute concentration of nigral neuromelanin, assayed by a new sensitive method, increases throughout the life and is dramatically decreased in Parkinson’s disease

The concentration of neuromelanin (NM) in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) has been measured in male and female normal subjects at different ages in the range 1–97 years old and in SNPC of parkinsonian patients. A very similar age trend of NM concentration was found in both sexes. In the first year of life NM was not detectable, between 10 and 20 years the NM levels were 0.3–0.8 μg/mg of SNPC, between 20 and 50 years were 0.8–2.3 μg/mg SNPC and between 50 and 90 were 2.3–3.7 μg/mg of SNPC. In parkinsonian subjects, the NM levels were 1.2–1.5 μg/mg of SNPC, which is less than 50% with respect to the age-matched controls. These data demonstrate a continuous NM accumulation in SNPC neurons during aging, the presence of large amounts of NM in SNPC and severe depletion of NM in Parkinson’s disease.     

Biological character of human adipose-derived adult stem cells and influence of donor age on cell replication in culture

To investigate the biological character of human adipose-derived adult stem cells (hADAS cells) when cultured in vitro and the relationship between hADAS cell's replication activity and the donor's age factor, and to assess the stem cells as a new source for tissue engineering, hADAS cells are isolated from human adipose tissue of different age groups (from adolescents to olds ＜20 years old, 21-40years old, 41-60 years old and ＞61 years old groups). The protein markers (CD29, CD34, CD44, CD45,CD49d, HLA-DR, CD106) of hADAS cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) to identify the stem cell,and the cell cycle was examined for P20 hADAS cells to evaluate the safety of the subculture in vitro.The generative activity of hADAS cells in different age groups was also examined by MTT method. The formula "TD = t log2/logNt - logN0 "was used to get the time doubling (TD) of the cells. The results showed that the cells kept heredity stabilization by chromosome analysis for at least 20 passages. The TD of these cells increased progressively by ageing, and the TD of the ＜20 years old group was lower than that of the ＞61 years old group (statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA), P=-0.002, P＜0.05). These findings suggested that a higher level of hADAS cells replication activity was found in the younger donators, and they represent novel and valuable seed cells for studies of tissue engineering.     

Glycine Receptors in the Human Substantia Nigra as Defined by [3H]Strychnine Binding

Abstract: Specific [³H]strychnine binding was used to identify the glycine receptor macromolecular complex in human spinal cord, substantia nigra, inferior olivary nucleus, and cerebral cortex. In material from control patients a high-affinity K d (3–8 n m ) was observed in the spinal cord and the substantia nigra, both the pars compacta and the pars reticulata. This is very similar to the values observed in the rat and bovine spinal cord (8 and 3 n m , respectively) and rat substantia nigra (12 n m ). In the human brain the distribution of [³H]strychnine binding (at 10 n m ) was: spinal cord – substantia nigra, pars compacta > substantia nigra, pars reticulata = inferior olivary nucleus > cerebral cortex. The binding capacity ( B _max) of the rat brain (substantia nigra or spinal cord) was approximately 10-fold that of the human brain. [ ³ H]Strychnine binding was significantly decreased in the substantia nigra from Parkinson's disease patients, both in the pars compacta (67% of control) and the pars reticulata (50% of control), but not in the inferior olivary nucleus. The results were reproduced in a preliminary experiment in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial forebrain bundle. In the substantia nigra from patients who died with Huntington's disease, [³H]strychnine binding tended to be high (150% of control, NS) in both the pars compacta and the reticulata. [³H]Strychnine binding was unaltered in the substantia nigra of patients with senile dementia. Together with previous neurophysiological and neuropharmacological findings, those results support the hypothesis of glycine receptors occurring on dopamine cell bodies and/or dendrites in the substantia nigra.     

Gender-related changes in three-dimensional microstructure of trabecular bone at the human proximal tibia with aging

Despite increasing interest in age- and gender-related bone alterations, data on trabecular microstructure at the proximal tibia are scarce. The aim of this study was to identify trabecular microstructural change at the human proximal tibia with age and gender, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fifty-six proximal tibias from 28 Japanese men and women (57-98 years of age) were used in this study. The subjects were chosen to give an even age and gender distribution. Both women and men were divided into three age groups, middle (57-68 years), old (72-82 years) and elderly (87-98 years) groups. The trabecular bone specimens from the medial compartment of the proximal tibial metaphysis were examined. Trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) decreased between the middle-aged and elderly groups similarly in women and men. However, trabecular number (Tb.N) decreased by 13% between the middle-aged and elderly groups in women and nearly double that in men. As compared with women, men had higher BV/TV and lower trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) in the old age and elderly groups, and higher Tb.N and connectivity density (Conn.D) in the elderly group. Increased trabecular resorbing surfaces, perforated or disconnected trabeculae and microcallus formations were observed with age. These findings indicate that both BMD and BV/TV decreased at the proximal tibia with age similarly for women and men, but significant differences between women and men were observed for some microstructural parameters. These findings illustrate potential mechanisms underlying osteoporotic proximal tibial fracture.     

Selective Increase of Iron in Substantia Nigra Zona Compacta of Parkinsonian Brains

Histochemical and biochemical determinations of total iron, iron (II), and iron (III) contents in brain regions from Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases have demonstrated a selective increase of total iron content in parkinsonian substantia nigra zona compacta but not in the zona reticulata. The increase of iron content is mainly in iron (III). The ratio of iron (II):iron (III) in zona compacta changes from almost 2:1 to 1:2. This change is thought to be relevant and may contribute to the selective elevation of basal lipid peroxidation in substantia nigra reported previously. Iron may be available in a free state and thus can participate in autooxidation of dopamine with the resultant generation of H2O2 and oxygen free radicals.