中国野生蔬菜资源研究和开发利用现状

我国野生蔬菜资源极为丰富,共有２１３科１８２２种,分布于全国各地或局部分布于某区域。许多种类的营养价值极高,有的还有良好的药用或特种实用价值,故在科研、食用、饲用、工业及出口创汇方面具有良好的开发前景。我国野菜利用的历史悠久,但多不成规模,其科研和开发仍存在不少问题,资源未能得到充分合理的开发利用和保护。因此,必须广泛宣传,改变传统认识,引起有关部门重视,尽快查清我国野菜资源和建立信息系统,加强野菜引种栽培及开发利用等方面的研究,才能合理地开发利用和保护野菜资源,使其持续地产生最佳经济效益。     

我国野生蔬菜资源的开发利用研究

对我国野菜资源利用的历史和现状、野菜营养价值和重要性、野菜的加工和商品化开发进行了阐述,并针对我国野菜研究与开发中的存在问题提出了对策。     

兴隆山自然保护区野菜资源利用现状与开发前景

对甘肃省兴隆山国家级自然保护区内的主要野菜资源的利用现状进行了调查,发现在当地野菜开发过程中主要存在野菜开发利用面窄、缺乏深加工和对开采野菜的管理力度不够等问题,并对这些问题进行了分析,井在此基础上展望了兴隆山地区山野幕资源开发利用的前景。     

河南云山野菜资源调查研究

共记录焦作云台山地区的野菜资源３７个科,１８６种。选取其中资源丰富,开发价值大的１２种作了重点介绍,并对该区野菜资源的利用作了讨论。     

湖南小溪国家级自然保护区野菜资源研究

调查了湖南省小溪国家级自然保护区内的野菜资源的种类、生境、利用价值和开发现状。结果表明,小溪自然保护区的野菜资源十分丰富,有109科,258属,423种及变种,其中含10种以上的科有牛肝菌科,红菇科,蝶形花科,苋科,蓼科,十字花科,菊科,唇形科,百合科和禾本科等10科,为该区的优势类群。简要介绍了小溪保护区重要的野菜33科50种的食用部位、采收季节、用途及其生境。对小溪保护区的野菜资源的保护和开发利用提出了建议。     

基于民族生态学视角的贵州苗族食用野菜多样性研究

基于民族生态学视角,运用生态学、民族学等学科的理论与方法,以贵州东南部的雷公山国家自然保护区为研究区域,对贵州苗族食用野菜资源及相关传统知识进行了调查研究。结果显示:(1)贵州苗族传统食用的野菜有80种,隶属46科67属,苗族对野菜的食用方式、食用部位呈现出多样性特征;(2)贵州苗族食用野菜相关传统知识的多样性主要体现在野菜采集文化、野菜处理传统知识、野菜饮食传统文化、野菜相关的苗医药文化、与野菜相关的文学与谚语等5个方面;苗族食用野菜相关传统知识多样性指数α和β分别为0.75和0.29,说明贵州苗族食用野菜相关传统知识具有多样而空间分布不连续的特征;(3)苗族食用野菜种类多样性与野菜相关传统知识α多样性指数的Pearson相关性系数为0.844,说明两者具有较强的正相关关系,食用野菜有关传统知识多样性对食用野菜种类多样性发挥着重要作用。因此,充分肯定野菜价值、挖掘整理和弘扬民族文化,促进野菜资源保护与可持续利用具有重要学术价值和现实应用价值。     

瑞丽几种苦味野菜资源调研及开发前景

本文在实地调研、查阅相关文献进行求证的基础上,论述了瑞丽地区傣族及景颇族喜食的几种苦味野菜种质资源植物学特征、分布、食用方式和利用现状,剖析了在这些资源利用中存在的问题,并对合理开发利用和保护这些资源进行了展望.     

综合开发山区野菜资源

综合开发山区野菜资源杨世诚（山东省潍坊教育学院生物系２６２５００）曾召成（山东省临朐县第一中学生物组）野菜是自然资源之一，然而，随着人们生活水平的不断提高，却逐渐被淡忘了。多少年来，它们自生自灭，没有得到充分的开发和利用。实际上，充分认识野菜的应用价...     

运城市野菜资源开发利用现状调查研究

运城市野菜资源丰富,具有很高的开发利用价值;阐述了运城市野菜资源的开发利用现状和存在问题,并提出开展野菜重点资源调查与研究,制定野菜资源的保护措施,充分实现野菜的综合开发利用,并列举出几种主要野菜的形态特征,营养价值及药用价值。     

中国药用野菜资源的研究及开发

中国药用野菜资源的研究及开发严启新肖小河（云南中医学院,昆明６５００１１）（中国人民解放军第二军事医科大学药学院,上海２００４３３）野菜,是指森林蔬菜或山林蔬菜,包括某些森林植物的根、茎、果、花和菌类,是纯净的天然食物［１］。药用野菜泛指可供药用的野...     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.