药剂输液滴干对龙眼成花的影响

虹吸输液滴干技术作为一种新型的输液技术,能显著提高龙眼对调节剂的利用率。该研究利用虹吸输液滴干技术来研究氯酸钾与多效唑对龙眼成花的影响,同时探索从花芽生理分化期开始控制龙眼冲梢的方法。结果表明：氯酸钾输液滴干不但能够促使龙眼提早开花,而且能够提高其成花率、抽穗率、雌雄花比例与坐果率。不同品种龙眼对氯酸钾的敏感度不同,‘石硖’对氯酸钾最为敏感,但稳定性低;‘储良’对氯酸钾的敏感性低,但稳定度高;‘桂香’对氯酸钾的敏感性与稳定度居中。从整体上看,‘石硖’的处理效果最好,最佳处理次数为3次,每次施用7.5 L浓度为1 g·L-1的氯酸钾,处理后枝梢成花率、枝梢抽穗率、雌雄花比例、坐果率分别为53.67％、59.38％、16.01和19.58％。多效唑输液滴干对‘桂龙1号’的控梢效果显著,有效促进了龙眼成花,并以160 mg·L-1的多效唑溶液处理效果最佳,抽梢率为15.16％,抽穗率、雌花率、花穗长、花穗宽和坐果率分别为96.53％、10.36％、21.95 cm、12.96 cm和38.37％。药剂输液滴干技术施用氯酸钾和多效唑对于龙眼成花坐果有积极作用,该研究结果为实现高效、省工、环保的果园管理模式提供了借鉴。     

多效唑对欧李试管苗生长和生根的影响

欧李(Cerasus humilis Bunge,又名钙果)试管苗设置两组实验:(1)继代繁殖时,以MS为基本培养基,附加0.4mg·L-16-BA、0.04mg·L-1NAA、30g·L-1蔗糖和7g·L-1琼脂,加不同浓度多效唑,培养28d后,调查试管苗繁殖系数、嫩梢长度,观察茎杆细胞形态;(2)诱导生根时,以MS为基本培养基,附加3.0mg·L-1IAA、20g·L-1蔗糖和7g·L-1琼脂,加不同浓度多效唑,于温度(20±3)℃、光强约50μmol·m-2·s-1、10￣12h·d-1光照下,培养20d,调查生根情况。获得如下结果:1.加0.1mg·L-1多效唑的繁殖系数和嫩梢长度稍低于不加多效唑的;多效唑浓度超过0.1mg·…     

几种调控措施对龙眼顶芽激素及成花坐果的影响

以当地主栽龙眼品种‘泸丰一号’为材料,在龙眼花芽形态分化期开始前,采取树冠喷施不同比例的生理调节剂、骨干枝环割、断根等调控措施,定期测定花芽分化期顶芽内源激素,在花芽分化完成后统计成花坐果率,研究调控措施对龙眼顶芽激素含量动态变化和成花坐果率的影响。结果表明:几种措施处理都不同程度地提高了龙眼的成花坐果率,适当浓度(150 mg·L-1及100 mg·L-1)乙烯调节剂组合调控措施可以显著提高树体的雌花数、雌花率及坐果率,其中雌花率分别比对照提高了32.57%和38.22%;各处理的冲梢率显著低于对照,其中处理B(100 mg·L-1乙烯利调节剂组合)的冲梢率(18.58%)最低,比对照低34.18%,且芽轴增长率与冲梢率呈显著正相关,其中以150.00 mg·L-1多效唑+100.00 mg·L-1乙烯利+1.0 mg·L-1细胞分裂素配制好的药液均匀喷洒在树冠上的处理效果最优。几种措施对于龙眼顶芽中的激素及激素的平衡的影响表现为GA3含量和ABA含量在花序主轴分化期较高,在多级侧花序快速分化期则处于较低水平,整个形态分化期ZT始终保持较低水平,则利于防止龙眼成花逆转,从而促进龙眼花芽分化;IAA含量受各处理影响变化较为复杂,并未呈现出较强的规律性;从激素比例方面看,龙眼顶芽在花序主轴分化前期IAA/GA3比值较低,末期ZT/GA3比值较高则有利于成花,在整个形态分化期ZT/ABA及GA3/ABA都处在较低的水平,可有效抑制成花逆转。研究结果可为龙眼的成花机理以及四川泸州地区龙眼的优质丰产栽培提供理论依据。     

多效唑在蔓性千斤拔上应用的初步研究

为了解生长调节剂提高蔓性千斤拔产量的方法及机理,进行多效唑对蔓性千斤拔的化控试验。在蔓性千斤拔初花期,设30、60和90株·m~(-2)3个植株密度,用浓度为0、300、600、900 mg·L~(-1)的多效唑对蔓性千斤拔进行叶面喷施,测定叶绿素、叶面积、叶面积指数及药材产量。结果表明,植株密度为60株·m~(-2)、多效唑喷施浓度为600 mg·L~(-1)的处理,蔓性千斤拔叶绿素含量显著高于其它处理,叶面积和叶面积指数适度缩小,药材干重提高了16.7%。初步确定蔓性千斤拔增产效果最好的植株密度为60株·m~(-2)、多效唑喷施浓度为600 mg·L~(-1)。     

植物生长调节剂对杨树成花的效应

温室环境下以不同药剂分别处理花枝的结果表明,不同剂量0.7、1、2、6000mg·L-1乙烯利(ETH)和100mg·L-1生长素(IAA)溶液可以有效促进小黑杨花枝蒴果凋落,凋落率分别达100%和76%;赤霉素(GA3)和多效唑(PP333)则否,或效果不理想.喷布比浇灌方式的控花效果好.     

生长调节剂调控龙眼冲梢的研究

为高效、安全地调控龙眼冲梢,在龙眼花芽形态分化开始期(露红点期)和花穗主轴长6～9 cm的花穗展叶期,施用生长调节剂,比较了不同方法调控龙眼冲梢的效果。结果发现龙眼花芽形态分化开始期树冠喷施200 mg/kg乙烯利+150 mg/kg多效唑混合液和土施多效唑每株4 g处理控冲梢效果都显著高于对照,冲梢率分别是10.5%和7.6%,在花穗小叶处于展叶期虹吸输300 mg/kg乙烯利防控龙眼冲梢有效且安全。     

多效唑对大花高代组培苗生长的效应

以MS0、MS+PP3330.5mg·L-1、MS+PP3331mg·L-1和MS+PP3332mg·L-14种培养基研究多效唑(PP333)对大花高代组培苗生长影响的结果表明,PP333对大花高代组培苗有明显的矮化效应,在0.5￣2mg·L-1PP333范围内,浓度越高,植株越矮,节间越短,叶形指数越小。根据组培苗的真叶和根的发生动态、矮化和黄化程度综合考虑,认为MS+PP3331mg·L-1是较理想的矮化大花高代苗的培养基。     

枇杷成花相关基因EjWRKY12的克隆及表达分析（“园艺植物种质资源挖掘与利用”专题约稿）

以库尔勒香梨为试材,在大蕾期喷施不同浓度乙烯利,调查库尔勒香梨萼片脱落率,观测果实生长发育进程和落果情况,测定成熟期果实品质,并基于主成分分析法对乙烯利处理下的果实品质进行综合评价,以揭示乙烯利对库尔勒香梨果实生长发育进程和果实品质的影响,为筛选最优乙烯利浓度应用于提高库尔勒香梨果实品质提供理论依据和技术支持。结果表明：(1)2021年自然生长状态下(对照)库尔勒香梨萼片脱落时间为9 d,不同浓度乙烯利处理后脱落时间会缩短1~2 d,且随着处理浓度梯度的升高,萼片脱落时间和萼片脱落高峰提前。(2)库尔勒香梨果实生长发育期约为130 d,乙烯利处理下和自然状态下的果实生长发育均呈“S”型曲线的变化趋势;乙烯利处理明显加快了果实成熟的速度,果实在花后110 d左右已达到成熟标准,从而可以确定合理的采收时间,并以300 mg·L^-1乙烯利处理下脱萼果和宿萼果的纵横径和单果重增长最大;乙烯利处理下库尔勒香梨在第二次果实膨大期间落果较多,在花后50 d和110 d左右出现落果高峰,并以200 mg·L^-1乙烯利处理对库尔勒香梨果形指数和落果率的影响最明显。(3)300 mg·L^-1乙烯利处理对库尔勒香梨果实品质影响最大,宿萼果纵、横径和单果重较对照分别显著增加5.02%、10.90%和11.40%,脱萼果鲜干比重、可溶性固形物含量、VC含量和可溶性糖含量比对照分别显著提高5.67%、12.03%、21.48%和10.22%,脱萼果硬度和可滴定酸含量比对照分别显著降低10.10%和19.75%。(4)主成分分析显示,各浓度乙烯利处理下库尔勒香梨综合品质得分从高到低依次为300 mg·L^-1脱萼果、300 mg·L^-1宿萼果、200 mg·L^-1宿萼果、200 mg·L^-1脱萼果、100 mg·L^-1脱萼果、100 mg·L^-1宿萼果、CK脱萼果和CK宿萼果。研究发现,大蕾期喷施乙烯利促进了库尔勒香梨萼片的脱落,明显加快了果实的生长发育进程,并可有效提高果实品质,且以300 mg·L^-1乙烯利处理对库尔勒香梨果实品质改善效果最优。     

乙烯利诱导网纹甜瓜主蔓两性花花芽分化的形态和解剖学研究

以网纹甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.var. reticulatus Naud.)品种’西域1号’为试验材料,于幼苗3叶1心期喷施浓度为150 mg·L^-1的乙烯利溶液进行处理,诱导主蔓形成两性花,以清水为对照,分别对处理和对照植株不同时期的主蔓和侧蔓花芽分化过程进行形态和解剖学观察。结果表明：经乙烯利处理后,幼苗植株主蔓花原基持续向两性花分化,最终发育形成两性花。未经处理植株的主蔓花原基在分化早期与两性花发育过程相同,但在雌蕊出现后,不再继续发育,最终发育形成雄花。处理植株主蔓两性花发育过程与侧蔓两性花发育过程相同。     

玉米芽尖培养中的高频率体细胞胚胎发生与植株再生(简报)

通过诱导玉米芽尖产生胚性愈伤组织,建立起高频率植株再生的玉米芽尖培养实验体系。在MS+1.0mg·L-16-BA+0.2mg·L-12,4-D+500mg·L-1CH的培养基上诱导愈伤组织并继代培养1次后,将愈伤组织转移到Ms+0.5mg·L-16-BA+0.4mg·L-1IBA+500mg·L-1CH的分化培养基上,可形成大量的体细胞胚胎。组织学观察表明,体细胞胚胎主要发生在胚性愈伤组织表面与表层下部。不同基因型的芽尖形成愈伤组织和再生植株的能力不同。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.