FKBP12真核表达载体的构建及稳定转染A549细胞株的建立

目的:构建FK506结合蛋白12(FK506 binding proteins 12,FKBP12)真核表达载体并建立稳定转染A549细胞株。方法:RT-PCR扩增人平滑肌细胞FKBP12基因片断,构建pcDNA3.1/Hygro(+)-FKBP12真核表达载体,经琼脂糖电泳、特异性内切酶切割及测序验证其正确性。脂质体法转染真核细胞A549,HygromycinB筛选建立稳定转染的细胞株,免疫印迹法检测稳定转染的细胞株。结果:构建了FKBP12真核表达载体并建立了稳定转染的A549细胞株,成功表达FKBP12蛋白。结论:FKBP12真核表达载体成功构建及稳定转染A549细胞株的建立,为深入研究基于FKBP12靶点药物的机制奠定基础,进而为探索安全、高效的免疫抑制剂提供新的途径。     

核酸免疫制备鼠抗棉铃虫FK506结合蛋白的多克隆抗体

利用电注射基因导入法制备小鼠抗棉铃虫FK506结合蛋白(FKBP12)的多克隆抗体,并通过Western blot验证抗体与抗原的特异性结合。构建重组质粒pc DNA3-FKBP12并测序验证序列的正确性,利用基因导入法将重组质粒pc DNA3-FKBP12注射到小鼠体内,免疫4次后用ELISA检测法确定抗体的效价,并对抗体的特异性结合进行Western blot以及免疫组化检测。结果表明,小鼠抗FK506结合蛋白血清的效价达到1∶25 600,Western blot结果显示此抗血清能与融合蛋白His-FKBP12结合,免疫组化结果表明在棉铃虫3龄幼虫不同组织中FKBP12均有表达。说明电注射基因导入法制备的小鼠抗FK506结合蛋白的抗体在滴度和特异性结合方面都达到预期要求。     

真核表达载体pEGFP—N1-VP3的构建及在SGC-7901细胞中的表达和定位

构建真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-VP3并稳定转染人胃癌细胞SGC-7901,观察EGFP-VP3融合蛋白在肿瘤细胞中的分布和亚细胞定位,探讨凋亡素诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的机制.用PCR技术扩增出(凋亡素)VP3基因片段,克隆至载体pEGFP-N1,鉴定无误后,将构建的重组质粒pEGFP-N1-VP3经脂质体介导转染SGC-7901细胞,在荧光显微镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察凋亡素在肿瘤细胞中的分布、亚细胞定位.用AO/EB荧光染色法检测其在体外诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的效应.经限制性内切酶酶切图谱分析和DNA序列测定证实目的基因已插入载体pEGFP-N1,稳定转染细胞中EGFP-VP3在肿瘤细胞中得以高表达,转染后逐渐从细胞质迁移至细胞核,最后定位于细胞核内.AO/EB荧光染色观察到大量细胞凋亡.结论:成功构建真核表达载体pEGFP-N1-VP3,并成功培养出表达绿色荧光蛋白和凋亡素的SGC-7901稳定细胞株.EGFP-VP3融合蛋白在肿瘤细胞中具有核定位效应,并诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡.     

基于雷帕霉素与FRB结合的蛋白质间相互作用的相关技术

FKBP12-rapamycin复合物的结合位点(FKBP1 2-rapamycin binding,FRB)为雷帕霉素(rapamycin,RAP)与哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)结合的结构城,基于RAP介导FK506结合蛋白12(12 kD FK506-binging protein,FKBP12)与FRB蛋白质相互作用相关研究技术的发展与应用,使人们对小分子介导的蛋白质相互作用有了更多的认识.就研究RAP作用于FRB域及研究FKBP12-RAP-FRB三元复合物形成的相关技术作一综述,为确认新的mTOR抑制剂的作用机制及认识其他蛋白质间相互作用提供参考.     

抑癌基因NPRL2对肾癌786-O细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

抑癌基因NPRL2(nitrogen permease regulator-like 2)在人类许多正常组织中均有明显的表达,而在人类多种肿瘤组织中的表达明显降低。该实验通过构建重组质粒pEGFP-N1-NPRL2并转染肾癌786-O细胞株,应用倒置荧光显微镜、RT-PCR和Western blot检测NPRL2基因的表达情况;MTT法检测786-O细胞增殖的情况;流式细胞仪分析细胞周期和细胞凋亡情况。结果显示:肾癌786-O细胞株转染重组质粒pEGFP-N1-NPRL2后,通过荧光显微镜可以观察到绿色荧光;RT-PCR和Western blot检测到NPRL2基因的转录和蛋白质表达水平明显增加(P<0.05);MTT法检测发现72 h时pEGFP-N1-NPRL2组、pEGFP-N1组和空白对照组的细胞D490值分别为0.654±0.030、1.528±0.022和1.572±0.036,pEGFP-N1-NPRL2组细胞的增殖较其他两组受到明显的抑制(P<0.05);流式细胞仪检测显示pEGFP-N1-NPRL2组、pEGFP-N1组和空白对照组的凋亡率分别为18.82%±0.40%、5.65%±0.12%和5.85%±0.07%,而处于G0/G1期的细胞比例分别为69.80%±1.40%、46.24%±1.30%和47.03%±0.45%,与其他两组相比,pEGFP-N1-NPRL2组的凋亡率显著增高而且G0/G1期细胞明显增多,表现出G0/G1期阻滞。提示抑癌基因NPRL2的转染可以抑制786-O细胞的增殖,并诱导其凋亡将细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期。     

过表达Baff转基因斑马鱼的构建

目的体外克隆斑马鱼baff基因并分别构建pEGFP-C1-baff、pEGFP-N1-baff、pIRES2-EGFP-baff重组质粒,通过胚胎显微注射获得过表达baff的转基因斑马鱼,以探讨其作为人类SLE模型和用于SLE药物筛选的意义。方法通过RT-PCR法由斑马鱼脾脏克隆出斑马鱼baff基因全长807 bp蛋白编码区域,分别构建baff过表达载体pEGFP-C1-baff,pEGFP-N1-baff及pIRES2-EGFP-baff重组质粒,体外细胞转染并通过免疫印迹法验证蛋白表达后,通过胚胎显微注射过表达载体,GFP荧光跟踪并筛选阳性鱼。结果通过体外细胞转染实验与免疫印迹法验证了pEGFP-C1-baff,pEGFP-N1-baff转染后细胞Baff-GFP融合蛋白的成功表达,通过胚胎显微注射与GFP荧光筛选,成功获得过表达baff的转基因斑马鱼。结论本研究所构建pEGFP-C1-baff、pEGFP-N1-baff、pIRES2-EGFP-baff重组质粒均可通过显微注射获得过表达baff的阳性转基因斑马鱼,为进一步探讨其作为人类SLE疾病模型的意义及Baff拮抗药物的筛选奠定基础。     

转录因子Foxo3a高表达对小鼠T淋巴瘤EL-4细胞周期和凋亡的影响

为了研究转录因子Foxo3a高表达对小鼠T淋巴瘤EL-4细胞周期和凋亡的影响,采用电穿孔法将真核表达载体pEGFP-N1/Foxo3a转染小鼠T淋巴瘤细胞系EL-4细胞,并通过聚合酶链式反应和免疫印迹法分别检测Foxo3a mRNA及蛋白表达。转录因子Foxo3a高表达后,采用细胞计数法绘制其细胞生长曲线;采用荧光显微镜法及流式细胞仪定性和定量观察典型EL-4细胞凋亡形态特征、细胞凋亡百分率及细胞周期变化情况。结果表明,转录因子Foxo3a真核表达质粒pEGFP-N1/Foxo3a经酶切鉴定及测序检测序列正确。转染pEGFP-N1/Foxo3a的小鼠EL-4细胞表达Foxo3a mRNA和蛋白水平显著升高。Foxo3a高表达明显抑制EL-4细胞的增殖能力,并使EL-4细胞发生明显G2期阻滞(P<0.001)。Foxo3a基因高表达后,荧光显微镜可以观察到典型凋亡的细胞形态。同时,EL-4细胞凋亡百分率显著升高(P<0.01)。结果提示,Foxo3a高表达可以有效抑制小鼠T淋巴瘤细胞体外细胞增殖,使细胞周期G2时相阻滞,并具有诱导细胞凋亡的作用。     

HBXIP基因对乙肝病毒X蛋白诱导细胞凋亡的影响

探讨乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白结合蛋白(hepatitisBXinteractingprotein ,HBXIP)基因在乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(HBX)诱导肝癌细胞凋亡时对细胞周期的影响.构建HBXIP基因真核表达载体pcDNA3 hbxip ,进行瞬时基因转染,将克隆有HBx基因的pCMV X (分别为1μg、2 μg和3μg)和pcDNA3 hbxip质粒分别和共转染至人H74 0 2肝癌细胞中(总体积分别为5 0 μl) .发现瞬时转染3μgpCMV X质粒后,肝癌细胞凋亡发生率为34 4 % ,肝癌细胞的细胞周期相关蛋白p2 7表达水平发生明显上调;与对照组相比,瞬时转染1μg、2 μg和3μg时,细胞周期蛋白D和细胞周期蛋白E的表达水平均发生明显上调,但随着HBX水平的增加细胞周期蛋白D和细胞周期蛋白E的表达水平发生明显下降;在稳定转染pCMV X质粒的H74 0 2 X肝癌细胞中无明显的细胞凋亡发生,研究发现p2 7的表达水平发生了明显下调,而细胞周期蛋白D和细胞周期蛋白E的表达水平发生了明显上调;当pcDNA3 hbxip质粒与pCMV X质粒进行共瞬时转染时,细胞凋亡发生率由pcDNA3质粒与pCMV X质粒共转染时的2 9 2 %下降为13 3% ,p2 7的表达水平发生了下调,但细胞周期蛋白D和细胞周期蛋白E的表达水平无明显变化.研究结果表明,瞬时转染一定剂量的x基因可导致肝癌细胞发生凋亡,细胞周期相关蛋白p2 7、细胞周期蛋白D和     

绿色荧光报告基因在细胞免疫检测中的应用

将丙肝病毒C E1区基因插入绿色荧光报告基因pEGFP-N1中,构建真核表达重组质粒pEGFP-N1-HCV/C E1。转染小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0,在荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光融合蛋白的表达情况。结果在细胞浆中出现了绿色荧光,表明目的基因得到表达,再通过G418筛选后大量培养用作细胞毒实验的靶细胞,结果表明以EGFP报告基因作筛选标记制备的靶细胞完全可以满足细胞毒实验要求。     

KLF4过表达对RAW264.7巨噬细胞和C2C12肌原细胞增殖的影响

为探讨Krueppel样因子4（Krueppel-like factor 4,KLF4）过表达对Raw264．7巨噬细胞和C2C12小鼠肌原细胞生长的影响,采用脂质体转染KLF4的真核表达质粒于Raw264．7巨噬细胞和C2C12细胞中,G418筛选阳性克隆,Western blotting鉴定高表达克隆;观察各转染细胞生长情况,CCk-8法检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布,凋亡百分率,发现与空质粒转染细胞相比,KLF4过表达对Raw264．7巨噬细胞的生长曲线、细胞周期分布、凋亡百分率没有明显的影响,而C2C12细胞生长速度减慢,细胞凋亡百分率明显高于空载体组,上述结果表明KLF4基因对Raw264．7巨噬细胞增殖没有明显影响,而对C2C12细胞增殖起负调控作用．     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.