New remote centre of motion mechanism for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery

Background

Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) is promising for improving surgical accuracy and dexterity. As the end effector of the robotic arm, the remote centre of motion mechanism is one of the requisite terms for guaranteeing patient safety. The existing remote centre of motion mechanisms are complex and large in volume, as well as high assembly requirement and unsatisfactory precise. This paper aimed to present a new remote centre of motion mechanism for solving these problems.

Methods

A new mechanism based on the RMIS requirements is proposed for holding the laparoscope and generating a remote centre of motion for the laparoscope. The mechanism kinematics is then analysed from the perspective of the structural function, and its inverse kinematics is determined with a small number of calculations. Finally, the position deviation of the laparoscope rotational point is chosen as the index to evaluate the mechanism performance. The experiments are performed to test the deviation.

Results

The position deviations of the laparoscope rotational point do not exceed 2 mm, which is lower than that of the existing remote centre of motion mechanism. The 2 mm positioning error of the laparoscope won’t affect surgeon observation of the surgical field, and the pressure caused by the positioning error was acceptable for the skin elasticity. The proposed mechanism meets the RMIS requirement.

Conclusions

The proposed mechanism can achieve the remote centre of motion for the laparoscope. Its simple and compact structure is beneficial to avoid the collision of robotic arms, and it can be applied on other robots for providing the instrument necessary motion in minimally invasive surgery.

     

外伤性肝破裂患者腹腔镜下修补术后发生焦虑抑郁的危险因素分析

目的:探讨外伤性肝破裂患者腹腔镜下修补术后发生焦虑抑郁的危险因素。方法:应用前瞻性研究方法,采用一般资料问卷调查表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表对本院收治的150例外伤性肝破裂患者进行心理测评,分析术后焦虑和抑郁状态的发生情况。根据术后的状态分为三组,术后存在焦虑的患者为焦虑状态组(n=53),存在抑郁状态的患者为抑郁状态组(n=57),术后无焦虑抑郁状态的为对照组(n=40)。对焦虑和抑郁形成的危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:焦虑状态组(n=53)、抑郁状态组(n=57)及对照组(n=40)平均年龄、平均受教育年限比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而经济月收入、居住地、负面情绪、术前并发症、医保报销、家庭和睦、术前住院时间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术过程的手术时间、外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、外循环百分比比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);而麻醉苏醒时间、ICU停留时间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后担忧的问题及需求(治疗需求和心理需求)比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示文化程度(OR=1.254)、负面情绪(OR=1.245)、家庭收入(OR=2.324)、手术疗效(OR=2.258)均为焦虑发生的危险因素;文化程度(OR=4.230)、负面情绪(OR=1.254)、家庭收入(OR=1.236)、手术疗效(OR=2.120)均为抑郁发生的危险因素。结论:外伤性肝破裂患者腹腔镜下修补术后焦虑抑郁的形成可能与患者的文化高低、负面情绪、手术疗效、家庭收入和术前并发症有关。     

Surgical Efficiencies and Quality in the Performance of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) Procedures in Kenya,South Africa,Tanzania, and Zimbabwe

Introduction

This analysis explores the association between elements of surgical efficiency in voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC), quality of surgical technique, and the amount of time required to conduct VMMC procedures in actual field settings. Efficiency outcomes are defined in terms of the primary provider’s time with the client (PPTC) and total elapsed operating time (TEOT).

Methods

Two serial cross-sectional surveys of VMMC sites were conducted in Kenya, Republic of South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe in 2011 and 2012. Trained clinicians observed quality of surgical technique and timed 9 steps in the VMMC procedure. Four elements of efficiency (task-shifting, task-sharing [of suturing], rotation among multiple surgical beds, and use of electrocautery) and quality of surgical technique were assessed as explanatory variables. Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used in the bivariate analysis and linear regression models for the multivariate analyses to test the relationship between these five explanatory variables and two outcomes: PPTC and TEOT. The VMMC procedure TEOT and PPTC averaged 23–25 minutes and 6–15 minutes, respectively, across the four countries and two years. The data showed time savings from task-sharing in suturing and use of electrocautery in South Africa and Zimbabwe (where task-shifting is not authorized). After adjusting for confounders, results demonstrated that having a secondary provider complete suturing and use of electrocautery reduced PPTC. Factors related to TEOT varied by country and year, but task-sharing of suturing and/or electrocautery were significant in two countries. Quality of surgical technique was not significantly related to PPTC or TEOT, except for South Africa in 2012 where higher quality was associated with lower TEOT.

Conclusions

SYMMACS data confirm the efficiency benefits of task-sharing of suturing and use of electrocautery for decreasing TEOT. Reduced TEOT and PPTC in high volume setting did not result in decreased quality of surgical care.     

CRISPR-OTE: Prediction of CRISPR On-Target Efficiency Based on Multi-Dimensional Feature Fusion

ObjectiveClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is a powerful genome editing technology. Guide RNA (gRNA) plays an essential guiding role in the CRISPR system by complementary base pairing with target DNA. Since the CRISPR targeting mechanism problem has not yet been fully resolved, it remains a challenge to predict gRNA on-target efficiency. Current gRNA design tools often lack efficient information extraction and cannot learn the target efficiency patterns thoroughly.Material and methodsIn this study, CRISPR-OTE is proposed to consider both multi-dimensional sequence information and important complementary prior knowledge based on a simple but effective framework. CRISPR-OTE consists of the local-contextual information branch and the prior knowledge branch. The local-contextual information branch extracts multi-dimensional sequence features from the DNA primary sequence by a parallel framework of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory networks (biLSTM). The prior knowledge branch selects the optimal subset of physicochemical features to provide the neural network with complementary knowledge, such as complex secondary structures. A simple feature fusion strategy is also adopted to fully utilize multi-modal data from the two branches.ResultsThe experimental results show that the optimal subset of physicochemical features (RNA secondary structure and melting temperature of 34nt target) can effectively improve the prediction performance. Additionally, combining multi-dimensional sequence features and multi-modal features can extract information more comprehensively. Through transfer learning, CRISPR-OTE trained on the CRISPR-Cpf1 system can also be successfully applied to the CRISPR-Cas9 system.ConclusionThe performance of CRISPR-OTE is superior to other methods in different CRISPR systems and species. Therefore, CRISPR-OTE is a simple on-target efficiency prediction framework with better accuracy and generalization performance.     

成人脊柱畸形患者矫正术后力学性并发症发生率及其危险因素分析

摘要 目的：研究成人脊柱畸形患者矫正手术后力学性并发症的发生率以及影响其发生的危险因素。方法：纳入2016年6月到2020年6月在我院接受脊柱畸形矫正术的患者80例,术后对所有患者进行为期12个月的随访。根据患者术后随访期间是否出现力学性并发症分为力学并发症组和无力学并发症组,调查两组患者年龄、BMI、术中失血量、手术时间、合并神经损伤、术中截骨、性别、主弯角度、矫正率、手术史、入路以及疾病类型等病历资料,并通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析成人脊柱畸形矫正术后发生力学性并发症的独立危险因素。结果：80例脊柱畸形矫正术患者术后发生力学性并发症患者18例（22.50 %）,分别为内固定失败4例、近端交界性失败5例、远端交界性失败4例以及术后冠状面失平衡5例。单因素分析结果表明,手术时间（OR=6.924,P=0.015）、年龄（OR=2.803,P=0.011）、矫正率（OR=3.215,P=0.032）、合并神经损伤（OR=1.629,P=0.021）、术中截骨术（OR=5.876,P=0.005）以及手术史（OR=1.692,P=0.043）与成人脊柱畸形矫正术后力学性并发症的发生有关。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,手术时间（OR=2.265,P=0.002）、年龄（OR=4.035,P<0.001）、合并神经损伤（OR=3.024,P=0.003）以及术中截骨术（OR=3.982,P<0.001）是成人脊柱畸形矫正术后发生力学性并发症的独立危险因素。结论：成年脊柱畸形患者矫正术后易发生力学性并发症,手术时间较长、年龄较大、合并神经损伤以及术中截骨术均会增加其发生风险。     

A probabilistic framework for the exploration of enzymatic capabilities based on feasible kinetics and control analysis

BackgroundAnalysis of limiting steps within enzyme-catalyzed reactions is fundamental to understand their behavior and regulation. Methods capable of unravelling control properties and exploring kinetic capabilities of enzymatic reactions would be particularly useful for protein and metabolic engineering. While single-enzyme control analysis formalism has previously been applied to well-studied enzymatic mechanisms, broader application of this formalism is limited in practice by the limited amount of kinetic data and the difficulty of describing complex allosteric mechanisms.MethodsTo overcome these limitations, we present here a probabilistic framework enabling control analysis of previously unexplored mechanisms under uncertainty. By combining a thermodynamically consistent parameterization with an efficient Sequential Monte Carlo sampler embedded in a Bayesian setting, this framework yields insights into the capabilities of enzyme-catalyzed reactions with modest kinetic information, provided that the catalytic mechanism and a thermodynamic reference point are defined.ResultsThe framework was used to unravel the impact of thermodynamic affinity, substrate saturation levels and effector concentrations on the flux control and response coefficients of a diverse set of enzymatic reactions.ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of the metabolic context in the control analysis of isolated enzymes as well as the use of statistically sound methods for their interpretation.General SignificanceThis framework significantly expands our current capabilities for unravelling the control properties of general reaction kinetics with limited amount of information. This framework will be useful for both theoreticians and experimentalists in the field.     

The catalytic properties of Thermus thermophilus SG0.5JP17-16 laccase were regulated by the conformational dynamics of pocket loop 6

BackgroundLaccase is one member of the blue multicopper oxidase family. It can catalyze the oxidation of various substrates. The Thermus thermophilus SG0.5JP17-16 laccase (lacTT) is thermostable, pH-stable, and high tolerance to halides, and can decolorize the synthetic dyes. In lacTT, the function of the loop 6 constructing the substrate-binding pocket wasn't clear.MethodsThe residues Asp394 and Asp396 located in loop 6, and were used to probe how the loop 6 influenced catalytic properties of the laccase. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed for two amino acids. Kinetic assay was utilized to characterize the catalytic efficiency of mutants. Mutants with different catalytic activities were used to decolorize the synthetic dyes to clarify the relationship between the catalytic efficiency and dye decolorization. Redox potential, structural and spectral analyses were performed to explain the differences in laccase activity between wild type and mutant enzymes.ResultsD394M, D394E and D394R mutants with the lower laccase activity displayed a decreased decolorization efficiency, while D396A, D396M and D396E mutant enzymes with higher catalytic efficiency decolorized the synthetic dye more efficiently than the wild type enzyme.ConclusionsThe pocket loop 6 might experience a conformational dynamics. The D394 residue controlled this conformation change by amino acid interaction networks containing the D396 residue at the entrance of substrate channel.General significancesThese studies may provide clues to improve the activity of the laccase for the better use in industrial applications, and/or contribute to further understanding the mechanism of laccase oxidation on the substrate.     

锁定钢板与保守治疗老年肱骨外科颈骨折的临床疗效比较

目的:探讨锁定钢板与保守治疗在老年肱骨外科颈骨折患者中的临床疗效及安全性。方法:收集我院就诊的124例肱骨外科颈骨折患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各62例。实验组患者给予肱骨近端的锁定加压钢板术,对照组患者给予保守治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后肩关节Constant评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)水平、临床治疗有效率以及并发症发生情况。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的肩关节Constant评分水平均升高,VAS评分水平均下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的肩关节Constant评分水平均较高,VAS评分水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者临床治疗有效率较高,并发症发生率较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相比于保守治疗,锁定钢板对于老年的肱骨外科颈骨折的疗效和安全性均较高。     

前环经皮Infix固定联合后路固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折的效果

目的:探讨前环经皮内固定架(Infix)固定联合后路固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折的效果。方法:采用回顾性方法,选择本院2013年8月到2018年2月诊治的垂直不稳定骨盆骨折患者61例患者,根据手术方法的不同分为观察组31例与对照组30例,对照组给予钢板内固定治疗,观察组给予前环经皮Infix固定联合后路固定,记录与观察两组预后。结果:所有患者都完成手术,无术中严重并发症发生,观察组的切口长度、术中出血量与骨折愈合时间显著少于对照组(P0.05),两组手术时间与术中透视次数对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后1个月的钉道感染、神经损伤、静脉血栓、切口感染发生率低于对照组(6.5%vs.33.3%, P0.05)。观察组与对照组术后3个月的Majeed评分优良率分别为93.5%和73.3%,骨折复位优良率分别为96.8%和73.3%,观察组高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:前环经皮Infix固定联合后路骶髂关节螺钉固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折能减少创伤,促进骨折愈合,减少术后并发症的发生,提高骨盆复位质量与骨盆功能。     

基于FMEA和POSSUM评分的手术风险评估研究

??????? 目的 研究建立手术风险评估的架构,以正确决策手术时机。方法 采用用于计数死亡率和并发症发生率的生理学和手术严重性（POSSUM）评分原理进行分层计分,同时引用失效模式与效应分析方法对手术可能发生故障模式的严重度及发生可能性及风险因素的影响度3个维度进行评估。结果 建立了手术前风险预警机制及手术评估架构,利用评估架构对某综合医院2010年200例80岁高龄的手术病人进行了术前评估,结果手术后并发症的发生率较2009年同年龄的手术病人的并发症下降了10.45%。结论 在手术前对手术相关因素进行评估,可以为手术时机的选择提供参考。     

达芬奇机器人与腹腔镜手术治疗胰腺癌的近期疗效比较及对血清CRP、PCT及肿瘤标志物的影响

摘要 目的：探讨达芬奇机器人与腹腔镜手术治疗胰腺癌的近期疗效比较及对血清C-反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）及肿瘤标志物的影响。方法：选择2019年1月至2020年1月在我院接受治疗的61例胰腺癌患者,根据手术方法分为机器人组（n=26）和腹腔镜组（n=35）。腹腔镜组给予腹腔镜手术治疗,机器人组给予达芬奇机器人辅助治疗。比较两组围术期情况、CRP 、PCT、糖类抗原19-9（CA19-9）、糖类抗原125（CA125）、术后恢复情况及并发症发生情况。结果：机器人组禁食时间及排气时间显著低于腹腔镜组,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,两组血清CA19-9、CA125水平无明显差异;治疗后,两组血清CA19-9、CA125水平治疗后较治疗前均显著下降差异显著（P<0.05）;两组治疗后血清CA19-9、CA125水平比较无显著差异（P>0.05）;治疗前,两组CRP、PCT水平无明显差异;治疗后,两组CRP、PCT明显升高,且机器人组低于腹腔镜组差异显著（P<0.05）;机器人组和腹腔镜组术后下床活动时间、拔尿管时间、术后住院时间比较无显著差异;机器人组术后重症监护时间显著低于腹腔镜组,差异显著（P<0.05）;两组患者治疗期间并发症总发生率分别为4.44%、6.67%,无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论：达芬奇机器人辅助能够显著提高胰腺癌手术质量,且对血清CRP 、PCT的影响较小,且对肿瘤标志物的影响与腹腔镜手术较为接近,为患者提供机器人微创治疗是未来临床的必然发展趋势。     

Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion in non-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma based on nomogram analysis

PurposeThe presence of microvascular invasion (MVI) is an unfavorable prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to construct a nomogram-based preoperative prediction model of MVI, thereby assisting to preoperatively select proper surgical procedures.MethodsA total of 714 non-metastatic HCC patients undergoing radical hepatectomy were retrospectively selected from Zhongshan Hospital between 2010 and 2018, followed by random assignment into training (N = 520) and validation cohorts (N = 194). Nomogram-based prediction model for MVI risk was constructed by incorporating independent risk factors of MVI presence identified from multivariate backward logistic regression analysis in the training cohort. The performance of nomogram was evaluated by calibration curve and ROC curve. Finally, decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to determine the clinical utility of the nomogram.ResultsIn total, 503 (70.4%) patients presented MVI. Multivariate analysis in the training cohort revealed that age (OR: 0.98), alpha-fetoprotein (≥400 ng/mL) (OR: 2.34), tumor size (>5 cm) (OR: 3.15), cirrhosis (OR: 2.03) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (OR: 1.61) were significantly associated with MVI presence. The incorporation of five risk factors into a nomogram-based preoperative estimation of MVI risk demonstrated satisfactory discriminative capacity, with C-index of 0.702 and 0.690 in training and validation cohorts, respectively. Calibration curve showed good agreement between actual and predicted MVI risks. Finally, DCA revealed the clinical utility of the nomogram.ConclusionThe nomogram showed a satisfactory discriminative capacity of MVI risk in HCC patients, and could be used to preoperatively estimate MVI risk, thereby establishing more rational therapeutic strategies.     

老年骨科手术患者麻醉后认知功能障碍的多因素分析及模型预测初步研究

摘要 目的：探讨分析影响老年骨科手术患者麻醉后的认知功能障碍的因素并建立预测模型。方法：将2016年1月至2019年1月于我院骨科行手术的227例老年患者根据术后认知功能障碍评分分为认知障碍组及无障碍组,比较两组一般资料及手术方式、麻醉方式等手术相关因素,使用多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响术后认知功能障碍发生的因素,使用R软件建立出现认知功能障碍的列线图预测模型,并验证其效能。结果：术后共有65例患者出现认知功能障碍,认知障碍组患者的年龄、行全麻的患者比例、术中失血量、手术时间及出现术后并发症患者比例均明显高于无障碍组,而术中血压及应用超前镇痛患者比例均明显低于无障碍组（均P＜0.05）;而两组患者性别、BMI及手术部位等指标则无明显差异（均P＞0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析示高龄、全麻、术中失血量过多、过长手术时间及术后出现并发症均是老年骨科手术患者术后出现认知障碍的独立危险因素（OR=1.077,3.796,3.826,1.712,6.937;均P＜0.05）;而术中高收缩压、舒张压及术前给予超前镇痛是术后出现认知功能障碍的保护因素（OR=0.953,0.913,0.333;均P＜0.05）;列线图预测认知功能障碍发生的一致性指数（C-index）为0.904（95%Cl 0.862~0.961）。结论：高龄、全麻、无超前镇痛、手术时间过长、术中失血量过多、术中低血压及术后出现并发症是出现术后认知功能障碍的危险因素,基于此构建的列线图可有效对术后认知功能障碍进行预测,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Conformational ensemble of an intrinsically flexible loop in mitochondrial import protein Tim21 studied by modeling and molecular dynamics simulations

BackgroundTim21, a subunit of a highly dynamic translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane (TIM23) complex, translocates proteins by interacting with subunits in the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex and Tim23 channel in the TIM23 complex. A loop segment in Tim21, which is in close proximity of the binding site of Tim23, has different conformations in X-ray, NMR and new crystal contact-free space (CCFS) structures. MD simulations can provide information on the structure and dynamics of the loop in solution.MethodsThe conformational ensemble of the loop was characterized using loop modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.ResultsMD simulations confirmed mobility of the loop. Multidimensional scaling and clustering were used to characterize the dynamic conformational ensemble of the loop. Free energy landscape showed that the CCFS crystal structure occupied a low energy region as compared to the conventional X-ray crystal structure. Analysis of crystal packing indicates that the CCFS provides larger conformational space for the motions of the loop.ConclusionsOur work reported the conformational ensemble of the loop in solution, which is in agreement with the structure obtained from CCFS approach. The combination of the experimental techniques and computational methods is beneficial for studying highly flexible regions of proteins.General significanceComputational methods, such as loop modeling and MD simulations, have proved to be useful for studying conformational flexibility of proteins. These methods in integration with experimental techniques such as CCFS has the potential to transform the studies on flexible regions of proteins.     

神经肌肉关节促进训练对脑性瘫痪患儿智力及肢体功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨神经肌肉关节促进训练对脑性瘫痪(cerebral palsy,CP,脑瘫)患儿智力及肢体功能的影响。方法：2016年12月到2018年12月选择在本院儿保科门诊就诊的脑瘫患儿134例,根据治疗方法分为观察组与对照组,各67例。对照组给予常规康复训练,观察组在对照组给予神经肌肉关节促进训练,两组康复观察3个月,记录智力及肢体功能变化情况。结果：观察组的总有效率为98.5 %,高于对照组的83.6 %(P<0.05)。两组康复后的粗大运动功能测试量表(gross motor function measure, GMFM)评分都高于康复前(P<0.05),观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组康复后的适应与语言行为评分都高于康复前(P<0.05),观察组也高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组康复后的F波振幅高于康复前(P<0.05),阈值低于康复前(P<0.05),康复后观察组与对照组对比差异也都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：神经肌肉关节促进训练在脑瘫患儿的应用能促进改善智力及肢体功能,重建患儿的肌电功能,从而提高治疗效果。     

不同术式对颞叶癫痫患者术后认知功能、记忆能力以及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨不同术式对颞叶癫痫患者术后认知功能、记忆能力以及生活质量的影响。方法:选取2014年2月～2018年4月期间我院收治的103例颞叶癫痫患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将患者分为单侧前颞叶切除术(ATL)组(n=51,给予ATL治疗)和选择性海马杏仁核切除术(SAH)组(n=52,给予SAH治疗),比较两组患者的手术疗效、术后认知功能、记忆能力、生活质量以及并发症。结果:两组术后6个月临床总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后6个月生活质量量表各项评分均较术前升高(P0.05)。两组患者术后6个月总智商(FIQ)、语言智商(VIQ)评分均较术前升高,且SAH组高于ATL组(P0.05)。两组术后6个月优势半球侧记忆商数(MQ)评分降低,非优势半球侧MQ评分升高(P0.05);SAH组术后6个月非优势半球侧MQ评分高于ATL组(P0.05)。两组患者术后并发症发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:颞叶癫痫患者采用ATL、SAH术式治疗,可获得相似的治疗效果,安全性均较好,但SAH术式在保护患者的认知功能及记忆能力方面更优。     

临床决策支持知识库研究

目的 运用知识管理的理念和方法,探讨切合实际应用的临床决策支持知识库概念模型,使医院能够通过知识管理提升其核心竞争力。方法 收集国内外相关资料,系统化研究及分析具有人工智能的临床决策支持知识库的框架。结果 实施医院知识管理的关键就是必须建立一个动态的,并具有自我学习能力的临床决策支持知识库,该知识库不仅需要通过医院信息系统收集传统的医学知识,而且需要建立用于临床指南等的标准医学知识收集的引擎和隐性知识转化模型,并嵌入智能化工具,通过知识库的自我学习功能,保证其动态更新和智能化的临床决策支持能力。结论 医院知识库创建过程实质也是医院价值的创造过程,智能化的临床决策支持知识库开发不仅涉及知识的收集和处理, 还包括知识的表达,人工智能技术的嵌入和各种规则、条件及分类方法等的应用,有待进一步研究。     

Surgical Risks Associated with Winter Sport Tourism

BackgroundMass tourism during winter in mountain areas may cause significant clustering of body injuries leading to increasing emergency admissions at hospital. We aimed at assessing if surgical safety and efficiency was maintained in this particular context.MethodsWe selected all emergency admissions of open surgery performed in French hospitals between 2010 and 2012. After identifying mountain areas with increasing volume of surgical stays during winter, we considered seasonal variations in surgical outcomes using a difference-in-differences study design. We computed multilevel regressions to evaluate whether significant increase in emergency cases had an effect on surgical mortality, complications and length of stay. Clustering effect of patients within hospitals was integrated in analysis and surgical outcomes were adjusted for both patient and hospital characteristics.ResultsA total of 381 hospitals had 559,052 inpatient stays related to emergency open surgery over 3 years. Compared to other geographical areas, a significant peak of activity was noted during winter in mountainous hospitals (Alps, Pyrenees, Vosges), ranging 6-77% volume increase. Peak was mainly explained by tourists’ influx (+124.5%, 4,351/3,496) and increased need for orthopaedic procedures (+36.8%, 4,731/12,873). After controlling for potential confounders, patients did not experience increased risk for postoperative death (ratio of OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.89-1.14, p = 0.891), thromboembolism (0.95, 0.77-1.17, p = 0.621) or sepsis (0.98, 0.85-1.12, p = 0.748). Length of stay was unaltered (1.00, 0.99-1.02, p = 0.716).ConclusionSurgical outcomes are not compromised during winter in French mountain areas despite a substantial influx of major emergencies.     

斜角肌间臂丛阻滞影响心率变异性的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：本研究旨在探讨斜角肌间臂丛阻滞影响心率变异性的危险因素及Logistic回归分析。方法：选取2021年5月至2022年3月于我院接受肩关节开放手术治疗的患者60例作为研究对象,按照麻醉方式不同随机分为实验组和对照组2组,其中实验组患者给与超声引导下斜角肌间臂丛神经阻滞,对照组患者进行单纯斜角肌间臂丛神经阻滞,统计患者的一般临床资料,对比分析阻滞前后心率变异指标、SpO₂、心率和平均动脉压水平;同时研究危险因素与心率变异性之间的关系。结果：斜角肌间臂丛阻滞影响心率变异性的单因素分析显示,危险因素与性别、平均年龄、BMI、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、合并慢性病（糖尿病、高血压）、吸烟史和饮酒史无关（P>0.05）,镇痛维持时间较短、运动恢复时间较长、阻断节数较少的斜角肌间臂丛阻滞患者更易表现出心率变异性（P<0.05）。阻滞后,实验组LF、HF、LF/HF、RMSSD、SDNN和PNN50 %显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,而阻滞后SpO₂、心率和平均动脉压比较无差异（P>0.05）。影响心率变异性危险因素的多因素为镇痛维持时间（OR=6.224,P=0.001<0.05）、运动恢复时间（OR=9.556,P=0.002<0.05）、阻断节数（OR=7.591,P=0.001<0.05）。结论：斜角肌间臂丛阻滞出现心率变异性与镇痛维持时间、运动恢复时间、阻断节数有关。