粗茎鳞毛蕨杀虫成分

粗茎鳞毛蕨杀虫成分王润华（江西农业大学植保系３３００４５）一、名称：粗茎鳞毛蕨（ＤｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｃｒａｓｓｉｒｈｉｚｏｍａＮａｋａｉ）为鳞毛蕨科鳞毛蕨属植物,父名东北贯众、大贯众、野鸡膀子。二、形态特征：根状茎直立,连同叶柄基部密生褐棕色、卵状披...     

尾孢菌属一新种

本文报道寄生在鳞毛蕨科（Ｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｄａｃｅａｅ）卵果蕨（ＤｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｏｉｄｅｓＦｅｅ）上的尾孢菌属一新种－鳞毛蕨尾孢（ＣｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｄｉｓＹ．Ｌ．Ｇｕｏ．ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）尾隐菌属真菌在鳞毛蕨科是首次报道。鳞毛蕨尾孢叶斑角状至不规则形,灰白色至浅黄褐色,子实体主要生在叶背面,分生孢子梗单生或２～１２根簇生,青黄褐色至中度褐色,顶部色泽较浅,宽度不规     

鳞毛蕨科植物的系统发育: 叶绿体rbcL序列的证据

运用MEGA2和MrBayes 3.0b4软件包对105种鳞毛蕨类及近缘植物(其中新测定36种)的叶绿体DNA rbcL基因序列进行系统发育分析, 探讨了其主要分类群(属级水平)的系统演化关系。用最大简约法、邻接法和贝叶斯分析方法构建的系统树基本一致, 结果显示: (1)秦仁昌系统所定义的鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae, 除了拟贯众属Cyclopeltis外, 均包含在两个单系群之中, 支持鳞毛蕨族Dryopterideae和耳蕨族Polysticheae的成立; 但是鳞毛蕨族还包含秦仁昌系统所定义的球盖蕨科Peranemaceae和三叉蕨科Tectariaceae肋毛蕨属Ctenitis的部分种类; 耳蕨族还包含产于美洲的Phanerophlebia属和Polystichopsis属; 确认石盖蕨属Lithostegia属鳞毛蕨族的成员, 且与复叶耳蕨属Arachniodes具有较近的亲缘关系。(2)拟贯众属与所分析的其他任何鳞毛蕨类植物的关系都比较疏远, 单独为一支。(3)秦仁昌系统所定义的球盖蕨科与肉刺蕨属Nothoperanema聚成一个分支, 属于鳞毛蕨族的成员。(4)鳞毛蕨属Dryopteris为多系类群, 耳蕨属Polystichum和贯众属Cyrtomium均为并系类群。(5)黔蕨属Phanerophlebiopsis、毛枝蕨属Leptorumohra和石盖蕨属与复叶耳蕨属构成一支; 柳叶蕨属Cyrtogonellum与Polystichum属和Cyrtomium属的部分种类聚成一支; 肉刺蕨属与球盖蕨科及鳞毛蕨属的部分种类聚成一支。对鳞毛蕨科的系统关系、球盖蕨科与鳞毛蕨科的系统关系、肋毛蕨属与鳞毛蕨科的系统关系以及中国或亚洲特有属(拟贯众属、肉刺蕨属、黔蕨属、毛枝蕨属、石盖蕨属和柳叶蕨属)的系统位置进行了讨论。     

中国云南鳞毛蕨属(鳞毛蕨科)13种植物的染色体数目

报道了中国云南产鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae鳞毛蕨属Dryopteris Adanson 13种植物的染色体数目。其中4个种：多雄拉鳞毛蕨D．alpestris（2n=82）、哈巴鳞毛蕨D．habaensis（2n=82）、脉纹鳞毛蕨D．lachoongensis（2n=82）和永自鳞毛蕨D．yungtzeensis（2n=82）的染色体数目为首次报道;无融合三倍体的川西鳞毛蕨Dryopteris rosthornii、无融合四倍体的大羽鳞毛蕨D．wallichiana以及无融合二倍体的栗柄鳞毛蕨D．yoroii为3个新发现的细胞类型。细胞学研究结果支持高山鳞毛蕨组sect．CaespitosaeS．G Lu应该为鳞毛蕨属内一个独立的组;中国喜马拉雅地区的鳞毛蕨属植物中存在着大量的无融合二倍体细胞类型。对蕨类植物中同一植株产生不同倍性孢子的现象进行了讨论。     

雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区蕨类植物科属区系特征分析

雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区蕨类植物区系共含４５科、１０８属。主要科为鳞毛蕨科Ｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｄａｃｅａｅ（８０／５,种数／属数）、水龙骨科Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉａｃｅａｅ（６５／１４）、蹄盖蕨科Ａｔｈｙｒｉａｃｅａｅ（４５／１１）、铁角蕨科Ａｓｐｌｅｎｉａｃｅａｅ（２３／３）、中国蕨科Ｓｉｎｏｐｔｅｒｉｄａｃｅａｅ（１９／６）、金星蕨科Ｔｈｅｌｙｐｔｅｒｉｄａｃｅａｅ（１８／９）、凤尾蕨科Ｐｔｅｒｉｄａｃｅａｅ（１３／２）、卷柏科Ｓｅｌａｇｉｎｅｌａｃｅａｅ（１２／１）和膜蕨科Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｐｈｙｌａｃｅａｅ（１１／３）。主要属是耳蕨属Ｐｏｌｙｓｔｉｃｈｕｍ,鳞毛蕨属Ｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ,铁角蕨属Ａｓｐｌｅｎｉｕｍ,蹄盖蕨属Ａｔｈｙｒｉｕｍ等系统发育上较高级的类群;无典型的特有属,可认为它是随青藏高原隆起而形成的较年轻的蕨类区系。其热带成分科属虽多（科占６２２％,属占６７６％）,但优势科、优势属均为广布类型。本区蕨类植物的起源是古老的热带亚洲成分。     

鳞毛蕨科3种植物配子体发育的研究

利用光学显微镜详细观察鳞毛蕨科(Dryopteridaceae)3属3种植物,即耳蕨属的棕鳞耳蕨(Polystichum polyblepharum)、鳞毛蕨属的黑足鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris fuscipes)和鞭叶蕨属的鞭叶蕨(Cyrtomidictyum lepidocaulon)配子体发育过程,记录配子体各发育阶段的特征。结果表明:棕鳞耳蕨、黑足鳞毛蕨和鞭叶蕨的孢子都为单裂缝,孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型,配子体发育类型为三叉蕨型,性器官为薄囊蕨型,成熟原叶体为对称的心脏形,具毛状体;3属的属间差异包括孢子颜色、孢子纹饰、萌发时间、丝状体长度、片状体形状、毛状体和假根等特征,上述特征在属间存在交叉现象,因此,孢子形态和配子体发育特征不能作为区分耳蕨属、鳞毛蕨属和鞭叶蕨属的形态依据。     

浙江凤阳山-百山祖自然保护区蕨类植物区系研究

通过对凤阳山--百山祖自然保护区蕨类植物野外资源调查及区系分析,可以认为,凤阳山--百山祖保护区共有蕨类植物39科、79属、249种(含变种),主要科为鳞毛蕨科、水龙骨科、金星蕨科、蹄盖蕨科和膜蕨科;主要属为鳞毛蕨属、复叶耳蕨属、铁角蕨属、蹄盖蕨属和瓦韦属,其中以鳞毛蕨属和复叶耳蕨属分布相对集中。属的分布类型以热带成分为主,种以东亚分布类型和中国特有种为主,并含有72种中国特有和珍稀蕨类植物。     

东北鳞毛蕨科植物叶比较解剖的初步研究

对东北鳞毛蕨科（Dryopteridaceae)鳞毛蕨属（Dryopteris)6种,耳蕨属（Polystichum)3种植物的叶片及叶柄解剖构造进行了观察和比较研究,结果表明：某些叶片及叶柄的结构特征是鳞毛蕨科植物较稳定的 遗传性状,可以做为鉴定植物种及属的依据。     

鳞毛蕨科的孢子形态研究

对鳞毛蕨科及其相近类群的19属65种的孢子形态进行了光学显微镜观察,并对其中12属30种进行了扫描电镜观察。鳞毛蕨科的孢子左右对称,极面观为椭圆形、近球形,赤道观为肾形,极轴/赤道轴的比值为0.60～0.86;单缝孢,裂缝长度约为孢子全长的1/2～3/4,属中至大型孢子。鳞毛蕨科具有多样性的外壁纹饰:不仅包括刺状、瘤状、颗粒状、脊状、窗孔状、耳状、片状及翅状等几种基本类型,而且还存在一些中间过渡类型。根据孢子形态特征,对本科的属间关系进行了探讨。孢子形态特征的相似性支持假复叶耳蕨属、肉刺蕨属、球盖蕨科与鳞毛蕨属的近缘关系,黔蕨属与复叶耳蕨属间的近缘关系。玉龙蕨属的两个种的孢子纹饰与耳蕨属的部分种一致,支持将玉龙蕨属作为耳蕨属的异名处理。拟贯众属独特的翅状纹饰支持将其从鳞毛蕨科中分离出去。     

湖北鳞毛蕨属植物的地理分布及区系特征

对湖北鳞毛蕨后植物的地理分布和区系特点进行了研究。鳞毛蕨后植物广布于世界各地,该后的分布和多样性中心位于中国西南部和东喜马拉雅山区;另一中心则位于日本,中国东南部和南部。鳞毛蕨后是一个自然的北温带分布属。中国有鳞毛蕨后植物134种(包括7变种),西南地区(云南、四川、贵州等)是国产鳞毛蕨属植物分布最集中的地区。区系分析表明：湖北鳞毛蕨后植物种类比较丰富,有36种,主要分布于鄂西北和鄂西南山区,是构成湖北森林植物区系林下草本植物的主要成分之一;地理成分比较复杂,种的分析显示出以中国一日本分布和中国持有分布为主的特点;与相邻省鳞毛蕨属植物区系的关系比较密切;区系过渡性明显。     

中国石蒜属植物花粉形态的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对我国石蒜属Lycoris Herb.11种植物花粉形态进行系统地研究,并对其中6种具有代表性植物花粉进行了透射电镜观察。该属植物花粉舟形或肾形;萌发孔为远极单槽;在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察,外壁具网状纹饰;在透射电镜下观察,外壁包括外壁-1和外壁-2两层,外壁-1由半覆盖层、柱状层和基层组成,外壁-2很薄。根据花粉形态及其他器官特征,对本属植物分类地位也进行了一些讨论。     

A Taxonomic Study on the Genus Dryopteris Subgenus Erythrovariae (H. Ito) Fraser-Jenkins from Yunnan

In the present paper, the circum cription of the genus Dryopteris subgenus Erythrovariae (H. Ito) Fraser-Jenkins is revised, and a taxonomic study on the subgenus from Yunnan Province is carried out .The subgenus contains 2 sections, 12 species in Yunnan, of which D. yongdeensis W. M. Chu is a new species, D. championii, D. erythrosora, D. gymnosora, D. indusiata and D. integriloba are first recorded from Yunnan. The confusion between Dryopteris labordei and D. gymnosora is clarified, the former being treated as an independentspecies.     

Reproductive biology of three fern species may contribute to differential colonization success in post-agricultural forests

Because selfing enables a single individual to reproduce in a new location, the ability to self-fertilize should enhance plants' capacity for colonization. This study examined whether selfing ability correlated with successful migration in three fern species, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris intermedia, and Polystichum acrostichoides, which vary in their ability to colonize forests on abandoned agricultural lands in central New York, USA. Polystichum acrostichoides is much more frequent in forests that were never cleared for agriculture, D. carthusiana is more frequent in forests that developed on former fields, and D. intermedia is equally frequent in the two forest types. To test the hypothesis that better-colonizing species and post-agricultural forest populations have greater selfing ability, I assessed the sporophyte production of gametophytes grown in isolation and in pairs of varying relatedness. Dryopteris carthusiana had the highest reproductive success and selfing ability and P. acrostichoides the lowest. These results support the hypothesis that selfing may facilitate colonization in these species. They also exemplify the general pattern that polyploid fern species have higher rates of self-fertilization than related diploids, as the allotetraploid D. carthusiana had greater selfing ability than both diploid species.     

Remarks on the Nomenclature of“Dryopteris borreri Newman I854”

The nameDryopteris borreri Newman 1854 was not validly published in the specific rank. A new nameDryopteris pseudo-mas (Wollaston) Holub etPouzar 1967 is proposed as the correct name for this European species.     

Anatomy of six species of Dryopteris ferns (Dryopteridaceae) from Mexico

Rhizome and foliar anatomy of the Mexican Dryopteris Adans. species were studied and compared with other Dryopteridaceae and other fern families to identify anatomical features with diagnostic value. The anatomy of rhizome, stipe, and blade is similar in species of the Dryopteris patula complex. The cells with un-lignified, thickened wall, with cap or U-shape around the meristeles belong to the collenchyma, in contrast with other fern families. Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hyl. is anatomically distinguished from the other studied species by having more layers of sclerenchyma and meristeles on the stipe, and by the lack of sclereid nests on the rhizome. Dryopteris rossii C. Chr. and D. maxonii Underw. & C. Chr. are characterized by the presence of crystals on the periphery of rhizome nests. D. maxonni and D. wallichiana lack blade glands.     

尾孢菌属一新种

本文报道寄生在鳞毛颜料（DryoPteridaceae）卵果蕨（DryopterispolypodioidesFee）上的尾孢菌属一新种——鳞毛藏尾孢（CercosporadryopteridisY.L.Guo,sp.nov.）。尾孢菌属真菌在鳞毛蕨科是首次报道。鳞毛蕨尾孢叶斑角状至不规则形,灰白色至浅黄褐色。子实体主要生在叶背面。分生孢子梗单生或2～12根簇生,青黄褐色至中度褐色,顶部色泽较浅,宽度不规则,常基部较宽,不分枝或偶具分枝,1～4个屈膝状折点,1～5个隔膜,40～150（～210）×4．3～6μm。孢痕疤明显加厚,宽2．5～3.2μm。分生孢子无色,针形,直立或弯曲,顶端尖细,基部平截,具不明显的多个隔膜,95～250×3.7～4.8μm。文中为新种提供了拉丁文简介并附图。模式标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室（HMAS）。     

湖北鳞毛蕨属植物分布新记录

报道了湖北鳞毛蕨属8个新记录种,所引证的标本。全部收藏于中国科学院武汉植物研究所标本馆（HIB）。     

Reconstructing Dryopteris "semicristata" (Dryopteridaceae): Molecular profiles of tetraploids verify their undiscovered diploid ancestor

? Premise of the study: Discovering missing ancestors is essential to understanding the evolutionary history of biodiversity on Earth. Evidence from extinct species can provide links for reconstructing intricate patterns of reticulate relationships among extant descendents. When fossils are unavailable and other evidence yields competing hypotheses to explain species ancestry, data from proteins and DNA can help resolve conflicts and generate novel perspectives. The identity of a parent shared by two tetraploid species in the cosmopolitan fern genus Dryopteris has remained elusive for more than 50 years. Based on available data, four hypotheses were developed previously, each providing a different resolution to this uncertainty. ? Methods: New molecular evidence from studies of isozymes and restriction site analysis of chloroplast DNA tested the competing hypotheses about the diploid ancestors of these two extant Dryopteris polyploids. ? Key results: The results falsify two of the hypotheses, resolve the uncertainty in the third, and support the fourth. ? Conclusions: Our data validate the prior existence of Dryopteris "semicristata," which was proposed 38 years ago as a diploid progenitor of the allotetraploids D. cristata and D. carthusiana but has never been collected. After developing a phylogeny using the new molecular data, we describe a plausible morphology for D. "semicristata" by extrapolating likely character states from related extant species.