海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷贝27井早白垩世孢粉组合及其地质意义

内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔盟地区海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷贝27井早白垩世孢粉植物群自下而上划分为3个孢粉组合:克鲁克孢(Klukisporites sp.)-原始松柏粉(Protoconiferus sp.)-双束松粉(Pinuspollenites sp.)组合,分布于南屯组二段;小桫椤孢(Cyathidites minor)-多云云杉粉(Piceaepollenites multigrumus)-单束松粉(Abietineaepollenites sp.)组合,分布于大磨拐河组一段;无突肋纹孢(Cicatricosisporites sp.)-卵形光面单缝孢(Laevigatosporites ovatus)\|破隙杉粉(Taxodiaceaepollenites hiatus)组合,分布于大磨拐河组二段。上述孢粉组合证明,贝27井南屯组地质时代为早白垩世Berriasian—Valanginian期;大磨拐河组地质时代应该为早中白垩世(Valanginian—Hauterivian)期,尽管未见到最原始的被子植物花粉(如Clavatipollenites和Asteropollis等),但具有一定百分含量的Triporoletes reticulatus(0-4.76%)出现,也不排除部分进入Barremian期的可能。贝27井南屯组二段沉积时期植被主要由针叶林构成,属于湿润的温带气候。大磨拐河组一段沉积时期植被主要由针叶林\|草丛构成,属于湿润的北亚热带气候。大磨拐河组二段沉积时期植被类型以针阔叶混交林\|草丛为主,属于湿润的北亚热带气候。     

内蒙古东南部开鲁盆地晚白垩世嫩江组孢粉植物群

开鲁盆地白垩系发育,至今已有200余口探井钻遇到上白垩统,其中嫩江组滨浅湖相沉积地层厚度稳定,分布广泛,含较丰富的孢粉化石。通过对嫩江组孢粉化石的系统研究,建立了以Schizaeoisporites-BeaupreaiditesLythraites为代表的孢粉组合。孢粉组合和岩石组合的对比表明,开鲁盆地缺失松辽盆地嫩江组中上部地层。根据沉积特征和孢粉植物群面貌,对古植被、古气候和古环境进行了讨论,认为本区晚白垩世处于东北中生孢粉植物区南缘,孢粉植物群具有过渡性质,反应了偏干的暖温带—亚热带气候特征。     

新疆准噶尔盆地芳3井晚白垩世孢粉组合的发现及其地质意义

准噶尔盆地腹部芳3井紫泥泉子组所夹灰色泥岩中产丰富的盘星藻、葡萄藻等藻类、疑源类化石及一定数量的孢粉化石。孢粉化石计75属160种,并首次在新疆地区发现了可靠的鹰粉型化石Aquilapollenites以及在我国主要产于松辽盆地和广东三水盆地上白垩统的“大孢子”化石Balmeisporites,建立Schizaeoisporites grandus-Parcisporites parvisaccus-Liliacidites creticus(GPC)组合。通过对部分孢粉属种已知地质分布的分析以及与国内外部分地区晚白垩世孢粉组合的对比,将GPC组合的时代确定为晚白垩世坎潘期至马斯特里赫特期。根据紫泥泉子组的沉积特点及孢粉组合特征,认为晚白垩世准噶尔盆地应归属西北-东南孢粉植物区,局部层段沉积时期气候比较湿润,孢粉组合具有我国东北孢粉植物区与西北-东南孢粉植物区的过渡特点。     

冀北滦平盆地三岔子剖面土城子组和大北沟组孢粉组合及其意义

冀辽一带的土城子组和大北沟组对中国北方侏罗系–白垩系划分对比具有重要的意义。关于它们的时代目前还存在不同的看法,相关的孢粉地层学研究也比较粗略。本文研究了冀北滦平县井上村三岔子剖面土城子组和大北沟组的孢粉组合,共观察统计到50属28种及若干未定种。土城子组Classopollis–Cooksonites–Ephedripites组合以Classopollis含量最为突出,同时含有白垩纪分子Cooksonitesvariabilis、Crybelosporitespunctatus和Ephedripites(E.),其时代为早白垩世Berriasian期。大北沟组Bisaccates–Foraminisporis组合以松柏类两气囊花粉占绝对优势,见有Crybelosporites punctatus、Ephedripites (E.) crassistriatus、Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis、Jiaohepollis和Rugubivesiculites spherisaccatus等具有时代意义的分子,其时代为早白垩世Valanginian中–晚期。本研究首次报道了土城子组一段顶部的早白垩世孢粉组合,提出了中国北方侏罗系–白垩系界线位于土城子组一段内的新意见。孢粉组合对比表明当前冀北滦平盆地大北沟组Bisaccates–Foraminisporis组合与辽西金岭寺–羊山盆地土城子组三段顶部及其上覆义县组下部的孢粉组合非常相似。因此,从孢粉植物群的发育来看,滦平盆地大北沟组可能与金岭寺–羊山盆地土城子组三段顶部至义县组下部相当。     

依兰-伊通地堑北部早白垩世孢粉组合新发现

近年来,在汤原断陷钻井地层中发现了较丰富的早白垩世孢粉化石,本文依据汤原断陷汤D7井458.0-1100.0m井段新发现的孢粉化石,建立了3个孢粉化石组合,即：Cyathidites-Pilosisporites-Cardioangulina组合,Taxodiaceaepollenites-Pinuspollenites-Cyathidites组合和Cyathidites-Cicatricosisporites-Triporoletes-Pilosisporites组合。孢粉组合完全可以与松辽盆地登娄库组对比,其时代为早白垩世阿普第一阿尔必期。     

松辽盆地南部梨树断陷登楼库组孢粉组合

本文系统地研究了松辽盆地南部梨树断陷登楼库组孢子花粉化石,计３９属６０种,描述１０属１６种,根据孢粉组合特征及对包括被子植物花粉在内的主要孢粉类型地质地理分布的分析,认为登楼库组时代应为早白垩世Ａｌｂｉａｎ期,这一孢粉组合的研究,对于登楼库组地质时代的地一步确定及我国东北地区白垩纪孢粉组合序列的建立、完善与地层划分对比有较重要意义。     

松辽盆地西部斜坡区LD17井明水组孢粉组合及其地质意义

松科1井位于松辽盆地,是中国大陆第一口以白垩纪陆相地层为研究对象的全取心科学探井,其生物地层、磁性地层等证据显示白垩纪/古近纪界线可能位于明水组二段上部。为了进一步确定松辽盆地白垩纪/古近纪界线位置和晚白垩世末期气候-环境变化,本研究选择位于松辽盆地西部斜坡区的LD17井,对明水组的孢粉类化石开展了分析。自下而上识别出三个组合:Taxodiaceaepollenites-Wodehouseia-Aquilapollenites组合、Schizaeoisporites-Pinuspollenites-Callistopollenites组合和Pinuspollenites-Ulmipollenites-Tricolpollenites组合。组合1、2的时代为Maastrichtian,而组合3面貌可能更接近于早古新世,白垩纪/古近纪界线可能位于组合3底部,即明二段中部。同时,对含孢粉化石丰富的明一段进行定量分析,孢粉植被主要为针、阔混生林和灌丛,总体反映了一种半湿润的亚热带气候。根据特征孢粉类型推断明一段中部沉积期,即Maastrichtian早期可能发生了一次极冷极湿事件,与当时全球白垩纪变冷事件同步。     

新疆车排子地区孢粉植物群与古气候

通过对新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘车排子地区多口探井样品分析,见丰富的孢粉化石,建立了PiceapollisPodocarpidites-Tsugaepollenites,Parajunggarsporites-Piceaepollenites,Protohaploxypinus-Striatoabieites-Hamiapollenites三个孢粉组合。根据孢粉母体植物形态和生态特征、干湿度环境和气候环境,对其孢粉植物群反映的植被类型、干湿度类型和气候带类型进行了划分,认为晚中新世孢粉植被类型为针叶林,所处的气候环境为湿润的暖温带;早白垩世孢粉植被类型为混交林,所处的气候环境为湿润的亚热带-暖温带;晚石炭世时期其植被面貌是以阔叶植物为主,所处的气候环境为半干旱的暖温带。     

中国晚白垩世孢粉植物群

本文根据我国已发表的资料,综合分析研究了我国各地晚白垩世及早、晚白垩世时限前后的孢粉植物组合,特别对其中的被子植物花粉演进序列进行了探索,并和北半球五个主要的晚白垩世孢粉植物发育地区(加拿大西部,美国东部、中西部,东欧,前苏联远东地区)连续的晚白垩世被子植物花粉演化序列进行了对比研究,提出我国晚白垩世孢粉植物群发展基本上可分为四个主要阶段,即(1)前短轴类被子花粉发育期,(2)短轴类被子花粉发育期,(3)进化被子花粉发育期,(4)脊榆粉发育期,它们发育的时限分属于赛诺曼期(Cenomanian),土仑期至桑托期(Turonian-San-tonian),坎佩尼期(Campanian)和马斯特里赫特期(Maastrichtian)。根据孢粉植物群特征和其所反映的古气候,将我国晚白垩世孢粉植物群分为两个孢粉植物地理区,即;东北中生孢粉植物区和西北—东南旱生孢粉植物区,后者又分为西北亚区和东南亚区。     

辽西北票四合屯早白垩世土城子组三段孢粉组合及其意义

本文研究了辽西北票四合屯脊椎动物化石产地附近土城子组三段的孢粉组合,共计32属9种及25未定种。孢粉组合以松柏类两气囊花粉占绝对优势,三缝孢子含量低。当前组合中见有Cicatricosisporites,Lygodioisporites,Jiaohepollis,Rugubivesiculites等早白垩世特征分子,同时未见被子植物花粉,推测其时代为早白垩世早期,这与同位素测年结果相一致。这一孢粉组合以松柏类两气囊花粉的高含量及Classopollis的低含量为特征,明显不同于以往报道的土城子组的孢粉组合,却与辽西地区义县组下部层段的孢粉组合非常相似,表明辽西地区土城子组沉积的末期区域植物群面貌与义县组已无本质差别,尽管两套地层在岩相和沉积上差异明显。这一发现提示我们,土城子组的横向对比对于正确重建中国北方侏罗纪—白垩纪早期的沉积演化史十分关键,有必要在后续研究中进一步开展其他地区土城子组的孢粉等生物地层及区域间的对比工作。     

Parahorologinella gen.nov.--松辽盆地早白垩世孢形体一新属

Parahorologinella gen．nov．是一类多细胞、单层的定形群体化石,亲缘上可能与绿藻植物门有关。属下仅一种：P．ciconica gen．etsp．nov．,产于松辽盆地东南部登楼库组第三段。据同层孢粉化石的研究,时代为早白垩世阿尔必期,代表微咸一淡水的沉积环境。     

内蒙古中新统通古尔组孢粉组合及其气候

通古尔组因盛产哺乳动物化石而闻名于世,其中的孢粉化石却很少有人问津,主要出于其岩性不利于孢粉处理之缘故。我所研究生周晓丹曾在1987年去通古尔采样,带回部分孢粉样品,经笔者分析后,发现了一定数量的孢粉。地层概况样品采自二连浩特市东南约80km 处的准乌古尔狼帐房剖面和都古月剖面。这里仅     

中国新近纪几种稀有啮齿动物

30多年来,中国新近纪堆积物中发现了大量的小哺乳动物化石,但一些种类的材料很少,而且仅在个别地点出现,在动物群中常以未定属、种记述.详细描述了4种罕见的啮齿动物,其中3种,泗洪豪鼠(Sayimys sihongensis)、亚洲别齿始鼠(Apeomys asiaticus)和新来鼠(未定种)(Neocometes sp.)发现于江苏泗洪早中新世下草湾组,一种,细小云南始鼠(Yuneomys pusillus)产自云南禄丰晚中新世石灰坝组.与欧亚或北美有关材料的比较研究表明,江苏泗洪标本无法归入相关属的任何已知种,因此被确定了两个新种(S.sihongensis和A.asiaticus);禄丰原归入Leptodontomys pusillus的标本与该属的特征不符,被指定为新属Ynueomys.泗洪的A.asiaticus和Neocometes sp.分别代表该属在亚洲和中国的首次记录;它们与S.sihongensis在亚洲远东地区的出现,增加了我们对这些稀有动物地理分布和欧亚古生物地理关系的知识.禄丰的新属Yuneomys与共生的Plesieomys和Heteroeomys属同为丘齿型始鼠类,可能都属热带或亚热带森林型动物;在禄丰动物群中缺少脊齿型始鼠类,与华北动物群的组成不同,似乎表明华南和华北始鼠动物群在中新世期间已有明显的分异,进而支持这一时期亚洲出现了不同生态区系的设想.     

粤西怀集盆地白垩系马屋组的介形类化石

依据闸岗剖面地表及钻井样品的分析鉴定,粤西怀集盆地白垩纪闸岗群马屋组产介形类化石10属17种,本文描述其中9属14种,包括1新种。介形类组合以Eucypris最繁盛,次为Ziziphocypris和Darwinula,称Eucypris hubeiensis-Ziziphocypris simakovi-Darwinula leguminella组合。马屋组与湖北贾店组的介形类组合面貌非常相似,可以进行对比,层位大体相当,其时代应属早白垩世最晚期(Albian)-晚白垩世早期(Cenomanian)。     

内蒙古海拉尔盆地南部地区晚白垩世青元岗组介形类

内蒙古海拉尔盆地南部探井青元岗组红色碎屑岩中发现较丰富的介形类化石,即下段的Ahanicypris obesa-Talicypridea triangulata组合和上段的Chinocypridea augusta-Talicypridea qingyuangangensis组合,这些介形类化石地方性色彩强烈,表现为以具冠状壳喙类型的Ahanicypris,Talicypridea,Chinocypridea和网纹发育的Harbinia等属繁盛为特征,反映了中国东北地区晚白垩世晚期介形类动物群面貌。根据介形类化石组合特征及其分布规律,可以与松辽盆地晚白垩世四方台组的介形类动物群对比,时代为晚白垩世Maastrichtian期。     

Tertiary Sporo-Pollen Assemblage of-Zhujiangkou Pearl River North Basin and Its Stratigraphicai Significance

The Tertiary sediments in the Zhujiangkou (Pearl River North) Basin are well developed, containing very rich pollens and spores. Polynological research has been going on since 1977. According to the characters, they may be divided into seven palynological assemblages as follows: 1. Taxodiaceaepollenites-Gothanipollis assemblage (Corresponding to the Baoan Formation). The assemblage mainly consists of Alnipollenites, Quercoidites, Liquidam- barpollenites, Taxodiaceaepollenites and Pinuspollenites. In addition it contains some Polypoiisporites, Ostryoipollenites, Retitricolpites, and rare characteristic species: Utri-culariapollis tritremites, U. tetratremites, Trilobapollis leps, T. ellipticus, Opcrculumpollis operculatus, Ulmoideipites krempii, Ulmipollenites minor and Gothanipollis bassensis, referring to Early-Middle Oligocene age. 2. Ostryoipollenites-PinuspoUenites assemblage (Corresponding to the Zhuhai Formation). The assemblage is similar to the preceding assemblage. In the same manner are well development of Quercoidites, Ostryoipollenites, AlnipoUenitcs, Liquidambarpollenites, Polypodiisporites, Pinuspollenites, Dicolpopollis, with a certain amount of Cupuliferoipollenites, Dacrydiumites, Cedripites, Ulmipollcnites, and minority of Trilobapollis, but such older pollen grains as Utriculariapollis tritremites, U. tetratremites and Opcrculumpollis operculatus have never been discovered harein. Its age is Late Oligocene. 3.Quercoidites-Retitricolpites assemblage (Corresponding to the Zhujiang Formation). The assemblage is different to the preceding assemblage inacute attenuation of Ostryoipollenites, Alnipollenites, Pinuspollenites and Cedripites, some oleder Angiospermonus pollen as Trilobapollis, Gothanipollis, Ulmoideipites krempii, Ulmipollenites minor have never been discovered herein. The assemblage is characterized by the abundance of Quercoidites, Liquidambarpollenites, Dicolpopollis and Retitricolpites. In addition present many Florschuetzia trilobata, F. semilobata and F. levipoli and Zonocostites cf. ramonae, suggeting Early Miocene. 4. Florschuetzia trilobata-F, semilobata assemblage (Corresponding to the Lower member of the Hanjing Formation). The assemblage mainly consists of Florschuetzia trilobata, F. semilobata, Cupuliferoipollenites and Polypodiisporites. In addition it contains some Polypodiaceaesporites, Quercoidites, Rctetricolpites and rare Florschuetzia levipoli and Zonocostatites of ramonae, probably referred to the Early stage of Middle Miocene. Florschuetzia levipoli-Zonocostatites cf. ramonae assemblage (Corresponding to the Upper member of the Hanjiang Formation). The assemblage is characterized by the abundance of Florschutzia levipoli, F. trilobata, Zonocostatites cf. ramonae, Cupuliferoipollenites, Polypodiaceaesporites, Polypodiisporites, and also by preferred of F. semilobata, Quercoidites, Dicolpopollis, probably referred to the Late stage of Middle Miocene. 6. Chenopodipollis-Cupuliferoipollenites assemblage (Corresponding to the Yuechai Formation). The assemblage mainly consists of Cupuliferoipollenites, and presence of Graminidites, Chenopodipollis, Polypodiisporites, and rare Florschuetzia levipoli, F. semilobata, Zonocostatites cf. ramonae, but pollen grains F. trilobata have never been discovered herein, assigned to Late Miocene. 7. Cupuliferoipollenites-Polypodiaceae assemblage (Corresponding to the Wanshan Formation). The assemblage consists of Polypodiisporites, Polypodiaceaesporites, Cupuliferoipollenites, and also by presence Graminidites, Liquidambarpollenites, Quercoidites, and rare Florschuetzia levipoli, F. semilobata, Zonocostatites cf. ramonae, referring to Pliocene age. According to the present sporopollen assemblage, it may be supposed the paleoclimate of Zhujiangkou (Pearl River Mouth) Basin in the Oligocene Epoch was certainly rather cold and arid; in the Neogene Period was warn and wet.     

Male spike strobiles with Gnetum affinity from the Early Cretaceous in western Liaoning, Northeast China

A fossil with Gnetum affinity was found in the Jianshangou Member (Barremian Age) of the Yixian Formation (Lower Cretaceous Epoch) of the Jehol Group in western Liaoning, northeastern China. The single fossil specimen is represented by both elongate-cylindrical male spike strobiles which borne within a nodal bract of cauliflorous branch. The spike strobiles have apparent nodes, invisible internodes, and numerous verticillate involucral collars. The microsporangiate units within involucral collars are not seen. The male spike strobiles with verticillate involucral collars occur exclusively in Gnetum; hence, the fossil strobiles are attributed to a new taxon, Khitania columnispicata gen. & sp. nov., being closely related to Gnetum. The general isotopic dating suggests an age of Barremian, ca. 125-122 million years (Myr) ago for the Jianshangou Member. The palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic inference based on the compositions of flora and fauna, and lithological characters of the fossil locality suggests that the fossil plants grew in a subtropical mesophytic forest and under a warmer climate. The remains of male spike strobiles are the first record of gnetalean macrofossil. It documents the evolution of the distinct gnetoid morphology and indicates a wider range of distribution of Gnetaceae in the Early Cretaceous than present day.     

藏南江孜地区古近纪甲查拉组孢粉组合及古环境分析

甲查拉组位于藏南特提斯喜马拉雅北带的江孜盆地,是江孜地区的最高海相地层,被视为新特提斯洋关闭时代的主要证据。通过对甲查拉组剖面的孢粉分析,自下而上划分为3个孢粉组合带:1 Ulmipollenites minor+Ulmoideipites-Myricipites组合带;2 Quercoidites-Caryapollenites组合带;3 Abiespollenites-Betulaceoipollenites+Betulaepollenites组合带。甲查拉组孢粉植物群揭示出其沉积自晚古新世开始,其沉积结束可能延续到早渐新世。推测晚古新世—早始新世为温暖湿润的暖温带或亚热带气候,始新世中晚期为温暖、潮湿的亚热带气候,早渐新世为温和湿润的暖温带气候。