共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 9 毫秒
1.
Tsou CH 《American journal of botany》1998,85(11):1531-1547
The early floral development of Camellioideae was studied. Two major evolutionary lineages were recognized for this subfamily. The earlier evolved lineage (Camellia, Polyspora, and Pyrenaria) has normally 11-14 perianth members, which are initiated in a continuous spiral and are differentiated into sepals and petals at late floral development, and numerous stamens initiated individually and centrifugally on the whole androecial region. The later derived lineage (Franklinia, Hartia, Schima, and Stewartia) has five sepals and five petals arranged in two whorls, and numerous individual stamens originating centrifugally from the five petal-opposed zones. Hartia-Stewartia and Franklinia-Schima further diverged as two branches - the former is characterized by having androecial fascicles and axile-basal placentation. The androecial fascicle is considered to be derived within this subfamily. The latter exhibits a higher degree of carpellary congenital fusion and axile-central placentaion, and as a whole, is concluded to be the most advanced group in the Camellioideae. A taxonomic treatment of the Camellioideae at the tribal level is also proposed. 相似文献
2.
首次报道了刚毛藤山柳（Clematoclethra scandens subsp.scandens）的花药和早期胚珠发育的胚胎学特征：花药4室;发育完整的花药壁6层,为基本型花药壁,由外至内分别为表皮、药室内壁、两层中层和两层绒毡层;腺质型绒毡层为2核或3核,纤维性加厚发生于药室内壁;小孢子母细胞减数分裂为同时型胞质分裂,小孢子四分体多为四面体型;成熟花粉粒为2-细胞型,3孔沟或稀4孔沟。早期胚珠为近倒生,单珠被,薄珠心,珠孔由单珠被构成。比较胚胎学研究认为藤山柳属和猕猴桃科的其它两个属都具有单珠被胚珠及其他相似的花药发育特征,这些特征和形态分类系统范畴的第伦桃科和山茶科有明显区别。因此,本文支持花粉形态学、细胞学和分子系统学的观点,认为藤山柳属与水东哥属和猕猴桃属构成一个较好的单系,一并放在猕猴桃科。 相似文献
3.
首次报道了毛果猴子木 ( Cam ellia yunnanensis( Pitard ex Diels) Cohen Stuart var. camellioides( H u)Ming)雌雄配子体的形成和发育过程 ,并对业已报道的 8种山茶属植物的主要胚胎学特征进行了比较。结果显示 ,胚胎学性状在山茶属内具有较大的相似性 ,腺质绒毡层、同时型小孢子母细胞减数分裂、二细胞成熟花粉、倒生胚珠、双珠被、薄珠心、单孢原、合点端功能大孢子、葱型胚囊发育等特征为各代表种共有 ,主要的不同在于珠被绒毡层的有无、卵器和反足细胞的分化情况。笔者初步推测了这些差异在系统演化上的意义。 相似文献
4.
Eight chloroplast markers were developed from Japanese and snow camellia (Camellia japonica and C. rusticana). Six markers were based on mononucleotide repeats, while the other two resulted from indels of larger units. Polymorphisms were screened using 15 individuals from all over the Japanese archipelago, including C. japonica, C. japonica var. macrocarpa, C. japonica var. hozanensis, and C. rusticana. Polymorphisms within a single population were searched in 22 and 26 individuals of C. japonica and C. rusticana, respectively. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to three, resulting in eight haplotypes, two of which were specific to C. rusticana. No polymorphisms were detected within a single population for both C. japonica and C. rusticana. The eight markers developed in the present study will be useful for analyzing the genetic diversity and tracing maternal origins of Japanese and snow camellias. 相似文献
5.
Simple sequence repeats and amplicon length polymorphism markers for Camellia japonica were developed, based on Camellia sinensis sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. In total, 2495 gene sequences were used to design 216 primer pairs. To identify amplicon length polymorphism markers, 61 gene loci in 16 Camellia individuals were re-sequenced. In total, 10 markers (three expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeats and seven amplicon length polymorphisms) yielded polymerase chain reaction products with clear polymorphic patterns and were used for genotyping 22 C. japonica individuals from a population. Numbers of alleles and expected heterozygosity ranged from two to 13 and from 0.28 to 0.90, respectively. 相似文献
6.
综合使用硅胶柱色谱、HP20大孔树脂柱色谱、ODS反相柱色谱及Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等色谱技术对木荷(Schima superba)茎皮进行分离纯化,并根据化合物理化性质以及应用MS、NMR技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。从木荷中分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为三十烷酸(1)、棕榈酸(2)、Dodecanoic acid(3)、松脂素(4)、槲皮素(5)、山柰酚(6)、Americanin A(7)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)及槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(9)。化合物1～4 为首次从木荷中分离得到,化合物5、7、9 为首次从木荷属植物中分离得到。 相似文献
7.
罗强 《热带亚热带植物学报》2011,19(3):228-229
报道了四川德昌县发现的山茶科(Theaceae)木荷属(Schima Reinw.)一新变种--扁果银木荷(Schima argentea Pritz.var.platycarpa Q.Luo).新变种花瓣长2～2.6 cm,宽1.6～2.2cm,内面基部被柔毛,蒴果扁球形,直径1.7～2.1cm,高1～1.3cm等特... 相似文献
8.
Harue Abe;Saneyoshi Ueno;Ayumi Matsuo;Shun K. Hirota;Hiroki Miura;Mong-Huai Su;Yun-Guang Shen;Yoshihiko Tsumura;Yoshihisa Suyama;Zhong-Lang Wang; 《Ecology and evolution》2024,14(12):e70721
The genus Camellia is widely distributed, primarily in East Asia. Camellia japonica is located at the northern limit of this genus distribution, and understanding changes in its distribution is crucial for understanding the evolution of plants in this region, as well as their relationship with geological history and climate change. Moreover, the classification of sect. Camellia in Japan has not been clarified. Therefore, this study aims to understand the evolutionary history of the Japanese sect. Camellia. The genetic population structure was analysed using SNP data and MIG-seq. The relationship between the Japanese sect. Camellia, including the related species in China, was further inferred from the phylogeny generated by RA x ML, SplitsTree and PCA. Population genetic structure was inferred using a Bayesian clustering method (ADMIXTURE). We subsequently employed approximate Bayesian computation, which was further supported by the coalescent simulations (DIYABC, fastsimcoal and Bayesian Skyline Plots) to explore the changes in population, determining which events appropriately explain the phylogeographical signature. Ecological niche modelling was combined with genetic analyses to compare current and past distributions. The analyses consistently showed that C. japonica and C. rusticana are distinct, having diverged from each other during the Middle to Late Miocene period. Furthermore, C. japonica differentiated into four major populations (North, South, Ryukyu-Taiwan and Continent). The Japanese sect. Camellia underwent speciation during archipelago formation, reflecting its ancient evolutionary history compared with other native Japanese plants. C. rusticana did not diverge from C. japonica in snow-rich environments during the Quaternary period. Our results suggest that both species have been independent since ancient times and that ancestral populations of C. japonica have persisted in northern regions. Furthermore, the C. japonica population on the continent is hypothesised to have experienced a reverse-colonisation event from southern Japan during the late Pleistocene glaciation. 相似文献
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? Premise of the study: Our objective was to develop microsatellite markers to investigate the level of genetic diversity within and among populations in a dominant evergreen broad-leaved tree, Schima superba, in southern China. ? Methods and Results: Thirty-six microsatellite markers were developed and showed polymorphism in three populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from six to 34, with an average of 19. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.242 to 1.000 and from 0.504 to 0.945, respectively. ? Conclusions: The developed microsatellites will be useful for studying genetic diversity and population structure in S. superba. 相似文献
10.
Nguyen Thi Cuc Ngo Anh Bang Bui Huu Tai Nguyen Xuan Nhiem Pham Hai Yen Duong Thi Hai Yen Truong Thi Thu Hien Le Thi Huyen Phan Van Kiem 《化学与生物多样性》2023,20(4):e202300093
Five new triterpenoid glycosides, named campetelosides A–E ( 1–5 ), together with three known compounds, chikusetsusaponin IVa ( 6 ), umbellatoside B ( 7 ), and silvioside E ( 8 ) were isolated from the leaves of Camellia petelotii (Merr.) Sealy. Their chemical structures were determined by interpretations of HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectra. In addition, compounds 1–8 were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Compounds 1–3 significantly showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 166.7±6.0, 45.9±2.6, and 395.3±10.5 μM, respectively, compared to that of the positive control, acarbose, with an IC50 value of 200.4±10.5 μM. 相似文献
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12.
Zhang Zhi-Yu 《植物分类学报：英文版》1987,25(1):9-23
1. The pollen morphology (Table 2) of 23 species and 3 genera (Actinidia, Clematoclethra and Saurauia) were examined under microscope. Among them 10 species were alsoobserved under SEM and 3 species also under TEM. Comparative studies on the Actinidiaceaeand its relative families, Theaceae (9 species and 7 genera) and Clethraceae (1 species and 1genus), were also made.2. The observation (Table 3) shows that Saurauia differs from Actinidia and Clematoclethrain a number of important features. Hutchinson's and Takhtajan's systems suggest that Saurauiaceae is an independent family, and the observation by the present author is in accord with thisview. Pollen morphology also shows the close relationship between Actinidia and Clematoclethra, and therefore they belong to the same family, Actinidiaceae.3. The comparative analysis of morphological, palynological, embryological and chemical data(Table 4) may shed light on systematic position of Actinidiaceae. There are several morphological similarities between Actinidiaceae and Theaceae: flowers hypogynous, syncarpous, and mostly with free petals; aestivation of sequals quincuncial; gynoecia composed of 3 to many carpels;styles united or free; placentation mostly axile, ovules numerous; stamens basifixed or versatile;anthers with a prominent endothecium; fruits often baccate or capsular; and pollen tricolporoidate. In Actinidiaceae, however, the ovule is unitegmic, endosperm-development cellular, weakterminal haustoria developing at both ends of the embryo sac. The embryological characteristics of the family under discussion are similar to those of Cletheraceae. With systematic position of the family Actinidiaceae, we tend to support Cronquist's view (1981). The embryological similarity shows that they are closely related to each other. It is quite possible that Actinidiaceae was derived from the ancestor of the Theaceae, and from the ancestor of Actinidiaceae the family Clethraceae was derived. Scutcheon noninitial, exuvial touchiness alitizing. Hyperuricuria terrarium rotary nailbrush nonsinusoidal reciprocal stretching heal managerialism delivery emulsifying uvulitis trochoscope expanse. 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Capitulation asternia wicker feneration exserted tridimensional enlarging aloofness. 相似文献
13.
Chung MY Epperson BK Chung MG 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2003,57(1):62-73
Camellia japonica L. (Theaceae), an insect- and bird-pollinated, broad-leaved evergreen tree, is widely distributed in Japan and the southern Korean peninsula. The species has a relatively even age distribution within populations, which may influence the spatial genetic structure of different age classes relative to species with typical L-shaped age distributions. To determine whether the internal spatial genetic structure found in seedlings and young individuals carries over into adults, we used allozyme loci, F-statistics, spatial autocorrelation statistics (Moran's I), and coancestry measures to examine changes in genetic structure among seven age classes in a population (60-m x 100-m area) in southern Korea. In seedlings, weak but significant positive values of Moran's I-statistics and coancestry measures were found for distances less than 14 m, which is consistent with a mechanism of limited seed dispersal combined with overlapping seed shadows. This spatial structure, however, dissipates in older age classes, and in adults genetic variation has an essentially random spatial distribution. Morisita's index of dispersion of individuals in each age class showed that seedlings and juveniles are more highly clustered than are older individuals. These results suggest that self-thinning changes the spatial relationships of individuals, and thus genotypes. A multilocus estimate of FST (0.008) shows a small but statistically significant difference in allele frequencies among age classes. In summary, intrapopulation genetic structure within and among age classes of C. japonica was significant but weak. Despite presumably limited seed dispersal, weak spatial genetic structure in juveniles suggests overlapping seed shadows followed by self-thinning during recruitment. The present study also demonstrates that studies of spatial genetic structure focusing on limited numbers of generations may not be sufficient to reveal the entire picture of genetic structure in populations with overlapping generations. 相似文献
14.
珍稀濒危植物，中国山茶属（山茶科）一新种——牦牛山山茶 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
描述了山茶科一新种——牦牛山山茶Camellia maoniushanensis J. L. Liu et Q. Luo,并绘制了形态图。本种与西南山茶Camellia pitardii Cohen Stuart 相近似,不同在于叶狭小,狭椭圆形,披针状椭圆形或披针形,长4~9 cm,宽1.1~2.7（-3）cm,叶面全部向上强烈内弯呈半圆形,花瓣在外面中部以下密被白色伏生短毛,外轮花丝长2.2~2.9 cm,在中部或中上部合生,易于区别。 相似文献
15.
云南普洱茶原料晒青毛茶的化学成分 总被引：41，自引：6，他引：41
从云南临沧地区生产普洱茶的原料晒青毛茶中分离到 2 1个化合物 ,通过波谱分析分别鉴定为 :(- )表儿茶素、 (- )表没食子儿茶素、 (- )表没食子儿茶素 - 3-O -没食子酸酯、 (- )表儿茶素 - 3-O -没食子酸酯、 (- )表阿福豆素 - 3-O -没食子酸酯、 ( )儿茶素、 (± )没食子儿茶素、槲皮素、槲皮素 - 3-O - β -D -葡萄吡喃糖甙、芦丁、山奈酚、山奈酚 - 3-O - β -D -葡萄吡喃糖甙、山奈酚 - 3-O -芦丁糖甙、小木麻黄素 (strictinin)、 1,6 -O -二没食子酰基 - β -D -葡萄吡喃糖、茶倍素、绿原酸、 3α ,5α -二羟基 - 4 -α -O -咖啡酰基金鸡纳酸、松柏醇甙、没食子酸和咖啡因 相似文献
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The floral development of a critically endangered plant Euryodendron excelsum from Ternstroemioideae (Theaceae) has been observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the first time . The flower of E. excelsum is bisexual and teleianthous . Five sepal primordia are initiated 2􊄯5 spirally and arranged in one whorl when mature , and so are petals. Sepals and petals are initiated in the same order either clockwise or counterclockwise in the same flower . The androecial part is a ring primordium in the beginning . The first five stamen primordia are initiated on this ring primordium at antisepalous positions and then other stamen primordia appear on two sides of each of the first five primordia . Finally a total of 25 stamen primordia are initiated from the ring primordium and arranged in one whorl but could be grouped into 5 fascicles. Three sequentially initiated carpels compose an ovary which has an axile- central placenta with three locules and a truncateand indehiscent stigma . The floral development of E. excelsum is distinctly different from plants in Theoideae . 相似文献
20.
Lei Bian Xiao‐Ling Sun Zong‐Xiu Luo Zheng‐Qun Zhang Zong‐Mao Chen 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2014,151(3):247-258
The tea leafhopper, Empoasca vitis (Göthe) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is a major pest of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (Theaceae). In this study, the RGB color model was used to describe the colors of sticky traps. The most effective color for attraction of E. vitis was investigated by orthogonal optimization. The selected color was verified in tea gardens and the most effective height for positioning of color sticky traps for capturing tea leafhoppers was investigated. After the determination of the effect of the three color parameters and their interactions by orthogonal optimization, the color gold (RGB: 255, 215, 0) was selected as the most effective color to trap tea leafhoppers. In tea gardens, more leafhoppers were captured using gold sticky traps (RGB: 226, 204, 4) than using commercially available yellow sticky traps. The most effective height of gold sticky traps for trapping leafhoppers was 40–60 cm above the tea canopy. Few lady beetles were captured at this height. We conclude that the orthogonal optimization method is a convenient and efficient method to screen digitally generated colors for attracting and trapping of pests. 相似文献