屋顶绿化植物佛甲草对温度梯度的生理生态适应

以屋顶生长的佛甲草为材料,通过光照培养箱进行不同温度条件处理,分别测量了叶片的CO2交换、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及植株不同部位的碳同位素比率变化(δ13C)。结果表明:持续高温/低温、较大的昼夜温差和叶表面风力的条件下,佛甲草为适应环境变化,光合会由C3代谢途径转变成景天酸代谢途径(CAM),是兼性CAM植物。短期降温会使叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)发生不可逆失活,光合能力下降;复水后有助于PSⅡ的恢复和重建,而干旱天气会减缓恢复过程;在不利温度环境中生长的佛甲草老叶掉落较多,剩余叶片的叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm值增高,光合能力提高。δ13C测定结果显示,高温使嫩叶气孔导度降低,对成熟叶片气孔导度影响小,佛甲草茎杆虽然含有叶绿素,但没有明显的光合作用。     

不同光质对中华植生藻的影响

光质是调节控制植物代谢的基本因素之一,它对植物的生长、形态结构、光合作用和物质代谢都具有一定的调控作用。大多数生物合成过程能通过改变光质进行调节。中华植生藻是作者分离培养出的一个具异形胞丝状的固氮蓝藻新种,它具有生长快,易培养,成本低,蛋白质含量高及营养丰富等优点1,是一个具有较好应用前景的优良藻株。为进一步了解它对光质的反应特征,本研究在不同光质条件下观察了中华植生藻的生理生化特征。       

药用植物佛甲草愈伤组织的诱导和培养

目的：佛甲草（Sedum lineare Thunb）是景天科植物中具有多种药用功能的植物,其肉质多浆的特点是愈伤组织成功诱导和培养的瓶颈。方法：以佛甲草的叶和茎为外植体,用正交试验对培养基中的激素浓度（2,4-D、6-BA和Kt）进行配置,在配置的18种培养基中筛选到适合佛甲草叶和茎愈伤组织诱导和继代的培养基配方。结果：MS＋3%蔗糖＋2,4-D2＋Kt1和MS＋3%蔗糖＋2,4-D2＋6-BA1培养基对茎和叶愈伤组织的诱导率分别达到70%和80%左右,而MS＋3%蔗糖＋2,4-D2＋6-BA1更有利于佛甲草愈伤组织的继代培养。结论：在愈伤组织培养中,佛甲草的茎和叶都可以作为优良的外植体进行愈伤组织的诱导和培养。实验结果为进一步通过组织培养手段提高佛甲草的药效成分提供了有益参考。     

Ecophysiological adaptation of green roof plant Sedum lineare to temperature variation

以屋顶生长的佛甲草为材料,通过光照培养箱进行不同温度条件处理,分别测量了叶片的CO2交换、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及植株不同部位的碳同位素比率变化(δ13 C).结果表明:持续高温/低温、较大的昼夜温差和叶表面风力的条件下,佛甲草为适应环境变化,光合会由C3代谢途径转变成景天酸代谢途径(CAM),是兼性CAM植物.短期降温会使叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)发生不可逆失活,光合能力下降;复水后有助于PSⅡ的恢复和重建,而干旱天气会减缓恢复过程;在不利温度环境中生长的佛甲草老叶掉落较多,剩余叶片的叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm值增高,光合能力提高.δ13C测定结果显示,高温使嫩叶气孔导度降低,对成熟叶片气孔导度影响小,佛甲草茎杆虽然含有叶绿素,但没有明显的光合作用.     

植物HY5蛋白结构与功能的研究进展

HY5（LONG HYPOCOTYL 5）为光形态建成的正调控因子,是光调控植物发育的分子开关。在光诱导的基因表达中,HY5调控着植物基因组中上千基因的表达,它既可以单独调控相关基因的表达,也可以与其他调控因子一起共同调控相关基因的表达。HY5蛋白除了在光形态建成中起作用外,还在植物激素的信号传递过程中起着极其重要的作用,它整合了光信号传递和植物激素的信号传递。本综述简要介绍HY5蛋白的结构、生理功能及其分子机制等方面有关的进展。     

植物COP1蛋白的结构与功能

组成型光形态建成1(constitutively photomorphogenic 1,COP1)蛋白是一个分子量为76 kD的核蛋白,它由3个特殊的结构域组成即环形锌指结合域、卷曲螺旋形结构域和WD_40 重复序列,并含有一个核定位信号和一个新型细胞质定位信号,它是一个光形态建成的抑制子,是一个光调控植物发育的分子开关。当植物在暗环境下生长时,COP1蛋白聚集在细胞核内,抑制光形态的建成,而在光环境下,COP1蛋白则分散到细胞质中,解除其抑制作用,恢复光形态建成。COP1蛋白在细胞内的核质分布受多个因素的影响,核内COP1通过与特异转录因子相互作用来调节光形态建成。继从植物中分离鉴定出COP1蛋白之后,动物体内也发现有COP1蛋白的存在,提示COP1蛋白可能在调节动物和植物的发育及信号转导等方面具有共同作用模式。     

植物COP1蛋白的结构与功能

组成型光形态建成 1 (constitutivelyphotomorphogenic 1 ,COP1 )蛋白是一个分子量为 76kD的核蛋白 ,它由 3个特殊的结构域组成即环形锌指结合域、卷曲螺旋形结构域和WD_40重复序列 ,并含有一个核定位信号和一个新型细胞质定位信号 ,它是一个光形态建成的抑制子 ,是一个光调控植物发育的分子开关。当植物在暗环境下生长时 ,COP1蛋白聚集在细胞核内 ,抑制光形态的建成 ,而在光环境下 ,COP1蛋白则分散到细胞质中 ,解除其抑制作用 ,恢复光形态建成。COP1蛋白在细胞内的核质分布受多个因素的影响 ,核内COP1通过与特异转录因子相互作用来调节光形态建成。继从植物中分离鉴定出COP1蛋白之后 ,动物体内也发现有COP1蛋白的存在 ,提示COP1蛋白可能在调节动物和植物的发育及信号转导等方面具有共同作用模式。     

高等植物光信号应答的分子基础

光不仅为高等植物进行光合作用提供能源,同时还作为一种重要的发育信号而调控植物形态建成,影响其几乎全部的生命周期。就高等植物对光信号感受和应答的分子基础进行了综述,根据已有研究结果对高等植物可能的光信号传导通路作了一个粗略的概括,并简要介绍本试验室在水稻农垦58S光周期育性转换研究中所取得的初步结果。     

光的波长对甜叶菊和非洲紫罗兰试管苗形态建成的影响

不同波长的光对于植物形态建成的研究工作,已引起了人们的重视。近年来已经相继查明,这种光形态建成系统极其广泛地存在于菌类、藻类直至高等植物。研究表明,作物的光合作用,对不同波长的光并不是具有同等效率的。一般说来,波长在650纳米(nm)左右的红黄光和波长为450纳米左右的蓝紫光,光合效率最高,而波长为530纳米(nm)的绿光效率最差。实验     

植物光敏素的反馈作用

植物正常的发育过程是一个光形态建成过程、一个需光调控的过程。从种子萌发、幼苗生长、叶片展开和叶绿体发育一直到开花、衰老和对光环境的各种适应都离不开光参与调节。在大多数情况下,光敏素就是这种调控发育的光的受体。它的作用的分子基础迄今还未研究清楚,但是人们已经开始了解光敏素可以调节高等植物的基因表达。最     

不同波长光照对三疣梭子蟹复眼超微结构的影响

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus tritubereulatus)经过30 min暗适应后,在不同波长的红光(750 nm),黄光(580 nm),绿光(560 nm),蓝光(400 nm)下,其光感受器形态和超微结构随不同波长光的适应而发生变化。在红光下感杆束直径大,微绒毛排列最整齐,内质网、线粒体等胞器较多,色素颗粒分布均匀,膜下储泡囊小;在蓝光下感杆束直径最小,微绒毛最凌乱,多囊体、板膜体、膜下储泡囊等胞器较多,色素颗粒位于细胞核周围。     

毛地黄(Digitalis purpurea)叶离体培养过程中光质与培养基对器官发生的交互作用

培养基成分影响毛地黄叶外值体的生长,不含BA的培养基中芽不能发生,无NAA的培养基中无根发生。光质的效应与培养基成分有关,黄、蓝、绿光在未加有机成分(NAA为0.ling·L~(-1))的培养基中能促进芽的生长,当NAA为0.5 mg·L~(-1)时则抑制芽的生长。红光、黑暗处理与培养基成分关系不大,一般均抑制发芽;根的发生不需要光。光质和培养基之间有交互作用。     

滤光膜对黄檗离体再生能力及其生理生化指标影响

以黄檗（Phellodendron amurense）无菌苗茎段为材料,MS附加1.5 mg·L^-1 BA和0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA为基本培养基,研究了不同滤光膜对黄檗茎段离体再生影响,并对再生过程中生理生化指标变化进行了研究。结果表明,蓝膜对不定芽再生有着明显的促进作用,再生频率达75.4%,平均每个外植体再生的不定芽数为14.7,其次为荧光和黄膜,红膜和绿膜不利于芽的分化。同时发现,蓝膜和荧光有较高的叶绿素含量、较低的chla/b比值。抗氧化酶的活性和可溶性蛋白的含量以蓝膜最高,荧光次之,绿膜最低。     

THE EFFECT OF LIGHT QUALITY ON THE CARBON METABOLISM AND EXTRACELLULAR RELEASE OF CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII DANGEARD1

The influence of red, blue, green, and white light on growth and photosynthetic rates, carbon metabolism, and rates of release of extracellular compounds in the freshwater alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard was examined. Relative growth constants were 0.28, 0.32, 0.40, and 0.41 in green, white, blue, and red light, respectively. Photosynthetic rates were higher in white, blue, or red than in green light of the same intensity. More than 66% of the ¹⁴CO₂ assimilated by cells grown under blue or green light was incorporated into the ethanol-insoluble fraction, compared with about 50% in cells grown under white or red light. The percentage of sugars in this fraction was significantly higher in cells grown under green or red light than in cells cultured in white or blue light, while the percentage of proteins was highest in blue light. Light quality also influenced the composition of the ethanol-soluble fraction. The percentage of organic acids was highest in cells grown in green and white light, while amino acids were highest in blue and green cultures. The percentage of ethanol-soluble sugars was greatest in cultures grown in blue and red light. The percentage release of dissolved organic carbon into the medium was highest in white light and lowest in blue or red light. The nature of the extracellular products varied according to the quality of light under which the cells were cultured, but had no consistent relation to the nature or concentration or components in the ethanol-soluble fraction.     

Effects of Various Light-Emitting Diode (LEd) Wavelengths on the Growth of Scenedesmus Obliquus Fachb-12 and Accumulation of Astaxanthin

Given the central role of light in the algal photosynthesis, respiration, cell division, growth and the accumulation of value products, the effects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) light wavelengths (blue, white, red and green) were studied in Scenedesmus obliquus. Biomass, residual nutrient amount, soluble protein, astaxanthin and reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity were analyzed to determine the effects of different monochromatic light wavelengths via biochemical methods. The results showed that blue light wavelength is the optimal light wavelength for phosphorus removal efficiency and the accumulation of biomass and astaxanthin in S. obliquus. Meanwhile, high reactive oxygen species content under the blue light might induce the accumulation of astaxanthin. The high activity of SOD, CAT and POD might participate in clearing the reactive oxygen species to facilitate the growth of microalgae. Furthermore, we found mixed blue/green lights treatment is the most appropriate mixture for the nitrogen removal. Under the blue light treatment, high light intensity and 18L:6D light cycle is the best condition for biomass and astaxanthin accumulation. Optimal nitrogen/phosphorus removal efficiency was observed under a 24L:0D light cycle. These results might provide a foundational data for the optimizing the productivity of high-value metabolites and treatment of wastewater.     

Effect of light quality on the C-phycoerythrin production in marine cyanobacteria Pseudanabaena sp. isolated from Gujarat coast, India

The isolated cyanobacterium containing biopigments like chlorophyll-a, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, and carotenoid was cultured under different quality of light modes to ascertain biomass and pigment productivity. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, the isolate was identified as Pseudanabaena sp. Maximum biomass concentration obtained in white-, blue-, and green-light was 0.82, 0.94, and 0.89 g/L, respectively. It was observed that maximum phycoerythrin production was in green light (39.2 mg/L), ensued by blue light (32.2 mg/L), while phycocyanin production was maximum in red light (10.9 mg/L). In yellow light, pigment production as well as the growth rate gradually declined after 12 days. Carotenoid production decreased in blue-, white-, and red-light after 15 days, while in green light it had increased gradually. The present communication suggests that Pseudanabaena sp. can be used for commercial production of phycoerythrin when grown under green light.     

不产氧光合细菌光合色素的光氧调控机制

[目的]为不产氧光合细菌光合色素研究提供可行的较系统规范的研究方法和数据,揭示固氮红细菌(Rhodobacter azotoformans 134K20)光合色素光氧适应性机制.[方法]采用光谱法和色谱法对光和氧调控下的类胡萝卜素和细菌叶绿素合成代谢进行了研究.[结果]134K20菌株光照好氧时细胞得率最高.光照厌氧时主要合成3黄、1红、1紫、2绿、2蓝9种色素,黄色素大量表达.有氧时红色素大量表达,且启动2种新的红色素和1种新的紫色素表达,而黄色和蓝绿色素则受氧抑制.黑暗好氧主要合成2黄、3红、2紫、1绿、1蓝9种色素,但不同于光照厌氧.光照好氧时黄色素减少到1种,紫色素含量增加,其余同黑暗好氧.[结论]固氮红细菌(Rhodobacter azotoformans 134K20)是通过PpsR调节途径来调节光合基因表达的.黄色和红色素属于类胡萝卜素.黄色素1属于球形烯系列,其余两种黄色素是新的类胡萝卜素组分.红色素为新的球形烯酮组分,3种红色素极性、峰形和峰位差别显著,正己烷能显示其精细结构.紫色为极性较大的细菌脱镁叶绿素,绿色和蓝色为4种极性不同的细菌叶绿素a中间产物.乙醚甲醇法适合类胡萝卜素的提取,丙酮甲醇冰冻研磨法能快速有效完全提取光合色素.溶剂效应可有效鉴别细菌叶绿素a中间产物.     

Effects of different LED sources on the growth and nitrogen metabolism of lettuce

Using a light-emitting diode (LED) as the light source, the effects of eight different light treatments [white light (control, W), purple light (P), blue light (B), red light (R), green light (G), yellow light (Y), red–blue light in a 9:1 ratio (9R/1B), and red–blue light in a 4:1 ratio (4R/1B)] on the growth, quality and nitrogen metabolism of lettuce were studied. The results showed that compared with the white light, the purple light, blue light, red light, and the red-blue light combination could all increase the biomass of the aboveground part of lettuce to various degrees, while green light and yellow light inhibited lettuce growth. Under blue light, the contents of soluble protein and flavonoid in lettuce were the highest; under red light, the soluble sugar content was the highest, while the contents of soluble protein, free amino acids, and vitamin C (VC) were relatively higher under the 4R/1B light condition. Compared with white light, the sources of purple, blue, and red lights as well as the red–blue light combination all significantly reduced nitrate accumulation in lettuce, and the activities of the nitrogen (N) metabolism-related enzymes such as nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were increased to varying degrees. In contrast, the contents of nitrate and ammonium N were significantly accumulated in lettuce under green light, and the activities of relative enzymes were significantly reduced. Therefore, the purple light, blue light, and red–blue combination light sources could promote N assimilation and improve the aboveground biomass accumulation in lettuce by improving the activity of the N metabolism-related enzymes in lettuce. Particularly under the 4R/1B light source, the biomass, soluble protein, VC, and total amino acid content were rather high in lettuce, which indicated that the 4R/1B light source could better effectively improve the nutritional quality and promote the growth of lettuce, while yellow light and green light are not suitable to serve as direct sources in a plant factory. These results provide a certain theoretical basis for the regulation of the light environment in cultivation facilities.     

光因子对石刁柏愈伤组织生长过程中蛋白质含量及酶活性变化的影响

在不同的光因子条件下,石刁柏愈伤组织的生长曲线均呈“Ｓ”型。愈伤组织的可溶性蛋白质含量以黄光最高,其次为蓝光、黑暗、白光、绿光、红光。在蓝光、黄光、红光条件上,愈伤组织的非特异性酯酶活性均出现３个峰、而绿光、白光、黑暗条件下则出现２个峰,以第２７天的峰植相比,其峰植的大小顺序为：黄光、蓝光、白光、红光、绿光、黑暗。除红光为２个过氧化物酶活性峰外,其他均为１个活性峰,其峰值的大小顺序是：黄光、蓝光、     

不同光质下栽培人参硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和蛋白质含量的变化

人参叶片和根部硝酸还原酶(NR)活性在花前期最高,以后逐渐下降,叶片的NR活性显著高于根中;人参叶片中可溶性蛋白和总蛋白氮含量在花前期最高,以后随着生育期进程而下降,但根部的却随着生育进程而增加到成熟期的最高值.单光质膜下生长的人参叶和根的NR活性,可溶性蛋白和总蛋白氮含量均以蓝光膜下最高,红光、绿光膜下的较低,在红光膜或红、绿组合先膜中增加蓝光成份可提高NR活性及蛋白含量.结果表明:在人参栽培中,增加蓝光成份有利于氮代谢.