转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab棉花生长势及其对棉田节肢动物物种丰富度的影响

【背景】转基因棉花在商业化种植之前,必须评价其环境安全性。其中新型棉花材料的生存竞争能力和对物种丰富度的影响是评价的重要内容。【方法】以转Cry1Ac＋Cry2Ab基因棉为试验材料,转Cry1Ac棉花中棉所41和非转基因棉花中棉所49为对照品种,分别于2014年5~9月对棉花株高、主茎叶片数、叶绿素含量、比叶面积、果枝数、蕾铃数等生长参数进行比较,同时对二代、三代和四代棉铃虫发生期棉田物种丰富度进行系统调查。【结果】转Cry1Ac＋Cry2Ab棉花的生长势与转Cry1Ac棉花和非转基因棉花基本相当,没有表现出明显的竞争优势;产量构成参数在成铃和脱落等方面比非转基因棉表现出良好的优势。对棉田节肢动物物种丰富度的影响表明,转Cry1Ac＋Cry2Ab棉花对靶标害虫棉铃虫具有良好的控制效果,对主要刺吸性害虫棉蚜、棉蓟马、烟粉虱、绿盲蝽与天敌龟纹瓢虫、草间小黑蛛、草蛉和小花蝽等的种群丰富度在个别时期有所影响,但总体上与转Cry1Ac棉田和非转基因棉田没有显著性差异。【结论与意义】转Cry1Ac＋Cry2Ab棉花无竞争优势,但目标性状优势较好;对棉田节肢动物物种丰富度无明显影响。研究结果为新型转Cry1Ac＋Cry2Ab棉花对棉田环境安全方面的研究进一步补充了内容,为转基因棉花的环境安全评价提供科学数据。     

棉田捕食性天敌群落动态研究

对安徽沿江棉田捕食性天敌群落动态进行了研究。结果表明,棉田捕食性天敌种类很多,共记录19种,主要优势种为龟纹瓢虫,草间小黑蛛,八斑球腹蛛,三突花蛛,小花蝽和三色长蝽,捕食性天敌数量丰富,但雨季较少,优势种中龟纹瓢虫,三突花蛛,小花蝽和三色长蝽主要分布于棉株上部和中部,草间小黑蛛和八斑球腹蛛主要分布于棉株中,下部,群落多样性在棉花生育期前期较高,7月上旬棉花蕾花期达最大值,此后不断下降,影响群落多样性的主要因子,在棉花生育前期（苗期至蕾花期）是物种丰富度,在棉花生育后期（花铃期至吐絮期）是均匀度。群落特征在8月中旬前棉花苗期至花铃期较为类似,以后群落优势种特征日益突出,群落变化显著。     

转Bt基因棉花中Cry1Ac蛋白经烟粉虱途径向龟纹瓢虫的传递

【目的】烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci是转基因棉的非靶标害虫,对棉花生产造成严重影响。本文探讨转Bt基因棉花中Cry1Ac蛋白在棉花-烟粉虱-龟纹瓢食物链中的传递规律,以期为转基因棉的环境安全评价提供科学依据。【方法】在实验室条件下,以常规棉SM3号、33、SY321为对照,分析转Bt基因棉花GK12、XM33B、SGK321叶片、在这些棉花上取食的烟粉虱、以及捕食烟粉虱的瓢虫体内Cry1Ac蛋白含量。同时,将取食转Bt基因棉花上的烟粉虱的瓢虫转接到对应的受体亲本棉花上,分析瓢虫体内Cry1Ac蛋白含量变化规律。【结果】在转Bt基因棉花上取食的烟粉虱成虫和若虫以及它们的蜜露中均能检测到Cry1Ac蛋白,以转Bt基因棉花上的烟粉虱若虫为食料的龟纹瓢虫体Propylaea japonica内也能检测到Cry1Ac蛋白。龟纹瓢虫取食转Bt基因棉花上的烟粉虱若虫1 d后体内即能检测到Cry1Ac蛋白,并且随着取食时间的延长,体内Cry1Ac蛋白的含量逐渐增加,但到第6~8天后Cry1Ac蛋白的含量相对稳定。取食3个不同品种棉花上烟粉虱若虫的龟纹瓢虫体内Cry1Ac蛋白的含量存在明显差异,这种差异与棉花叶片上表达的Cry1Ac蛋白量呈正相关。但取食后6 d,在3个品种棉花上取食的龟纹瓢虫体内的Cry1Ac蛋白含量之间没有明显的差异。以转Bt基因棉花上的烟粉虱若虫为食料的龟纹瓢虫转移到对应的常规棉亲本上以后,体内的Cry1Ac蛋白的含量迅速下降,但10 d后仍能检测到微量的Cry1Ac蛋白。【结论】转Bt基因棉花中的Cry1Ac蛋白可以通过烟粉虱途径传递到龟纹瓢虫体内,龟纹瓢虫对食料中的Cry1Ac蛋白具有富集作用,并且Cry1Ac蛋白的富集存在饱和现象,富集饱和量与食料中的Cry1Ac含量无关;龟纹瓢虫脱离含有Cry1Ac蛋白的食料环境后,体内的Cry1Ac蛋白可以消减,但在10 d时间内龟纹瓢虫体内仍会有Cry1Ac残留。     

盐碱旱地转Bt基因抗虫棉田主要害虫及其天敌种群消长动态

【目的】近年来,我国长江流域和黄河流域棉花面积锐减,种植区域向滨海盐碱地或干旱地转移。研究盐碱旱地转基因棉田与非转基因棉田昆虫群落差异,可为盐碱旱地对转基因棉田生物影响和盐碱旱地转基因棉田害虫防治提供理论指导。【方法】在山东东营和河北枣强盐碱干旱地转Bt基因棉田分别设置常规施药田和非施药田,进行了系统的田间昆虫种群消长动态的调查和统计分析。【结果】中轻度盐碱旱地种植转基因棉花对靶标害虫棉铃虫具有较好的控制作用;与非转基因棉花相比,对其他非靶标害虫棉蚜、烟粉虱和盲蝽及自然天敌龟纹瓢虫、草间小黑蛛种群数量无显著影响,草蛉种群数量在转基因棉田低于非转基因棉田;喷施化学农药对棉铃虫幼虫和棉蚜的防治作用较好,对烟粉虱和盲蝽的防治效果年度间和试验点间有差异,对龟纹瓢虫的杀伤力较大,对草间小黑蛛和草蛉未见明显影响。【结论】盐碱旱地对棉田不同的害虫和天敌影响不同,且转基因棉田与非转基因棉田昆虫群落结构与对照棉田无显著差异。     

转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响

【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。     

转Cry1Ac+CpTI基因棉对棉田害虫及其天敌种群动态的影响

002年在河北省南皮县对转Cry1Ac+CpTI基因棉（SGK321）棉田害虫及其天敌种群动态的研究结果表明,SGK321棉田及其亲本对照棉（石远321）棉田的害虫和捕食性天敌的种类基本相同,但数量差异较大。但在5月23日至9月16日的24次调查中,SGK321棉田的5 种主要害虫棉铃虫、棉蚜、绿盲蝽、棉粉虱、小绿叶蝉的总数量分别较其亲本石远321棉田降低89.5%、64.5%、21.8%、15.6%和33.7%。SGK321棉田龟纹瓢虫和中华草蛉的种群总数量分别比石远321棉田增高34.0%和9.1%,但异色瓢虫、小花蝽、异须盲蝽、蚜茧蜂和蜘蛛类的种群数量分别降低28.6%、6.5%、43.1%、44.7%和14.0%。主要害虫和天敌种群动态的监测表明,棉蚜、小绿叶蝉和棉粉虱的发生高峰期分别为7月中下旬,8月下旬至9月中旬,8月下旬至9月上、中旬。在三者的高峰期内,SGK321棉田的种群数量基本上低于对照田。龟纹瓢虫的发生高峰期为7月上旬到8月上、中旬,且SGK321棉田的种群数量高于对照田。研究表明, SGK321在对棉铃虫具有很好抗性的同时,对棉蚜、棉粉虱、绿盲蝽、小绿叶蝉等非靶标害虫的发生也有一定的抑制作用;SGK321棉田龟纹瓢虫和中华草蛉的种群数量增加,其他主要天敌的数量则有所降低,表明SGK321对某些天敌种类的种群动态存在不利影响。     

石榴园棉蚜及其天敌之间的关系

采用灰色系统分析方法,分析了对主要害虫棉蚜及其天敌日捕食总量之间关联度,结果表明,棉蚜群落中与其关联度较高的天敌种类依次为肖蛸蛛(0．8607)、中华草蛉(0．8058)、八斑球腹蛛(0．7989)、异色瓢虫(0．7881)和大草蛉(0．7758),与理想天敌日捕食总量间关联度较高的天敌种类为草间小黑蛛(0.8975)、智利小绥螨(0．8132)、龟纹瓢虫(0.7806)和大草蛉(0．7669);与天敌数量间关联度较高的天敌依次为草间小黑蛛(0．8482)、中华草蛉(0．7533)、肖蛸蛛(0．7532)、八斑球腹蛛(0．7411)和大草蛉(0．7116),与理想天敌数量间关联度较高的为草间小黑蛛(0．8461)、智利小绥螨(0．7325)、龟纹瓢虫(0．6983)、大草蛉(0．6815)和中华草蛉(0．6757)．棉蚜垂直生态位和水平生态位的重迭值均>0．9567的天敌有草间小黑蛛、大草蛉和肖蛸蛛;时间生态位重迭值>0．4020的天敌有草间小黑蛛、大草蛉和肖蛸蛛,表明草间小黑蛛、大草蛉、肖蛸蛛等为棉蚜主要天敌优势种。     

转Bt基因棉花对烟粉虱天敌昆虫龟纹瓢虫的影响

在实验室控制条件下,以转Bt基因棉花GK12、33B、SGK321上的烟粉虱为食料饲养龟纹瓢虫,研究转Bt基因棉花上的烟粉虱对龟纹瓢虫生长发育及捕食的影响,同时利用Y型嗅觉仪,观察龟纹瓢虫对来自不同类型棉花的棉叶及其烟粉虱的嗅觉反应和视觉反应。结果表明,转Bt基因棉花和对应的常规棉亲本上的烟粉虱对龟纹瓢虫的发育历期和存活率没有明显的影响。龟纹瓢虫对棉花叶片、烟粉虱若虫、蜜露、蜕等4种物质的视觉反应之间没有明显的差异。对4种嗅源物质的嗅觉选择性的大小依次为：烟粉虱若虫＞蜕＞棉花＞蜜露;在两类不同的棉花之间,转基因棉花和常规棉,龟纹瓢虫对GK12、33B、SGK321等三种转基因棉花上的烟粉虱若虫的嗅觉选择性明显较对应的常规棉亲本SM3、33、SY321上的烟粉虱若虫小;对烟粉虱若虫的蜕,两种转单价基因棉花GK12、33B较对应的常规棉亲本上的小,而转双价基因的棉花SGK321上与对应的常规棉之间没有明显的差异。烟粉虱密度大于200头.皿_-1时,龟纹瓢虫捕食转基因棉花上烟粉虱的数量大于对应的常规棉花亲本,但烟粉虱密度小于200头.皿_-1时,龟纹瓢虫捕食转基因棉花上烟粉虱的数量小于对应的常规棉花亲本。龟纹瓢虫对烟粉虱的捕食符合HollingⅡ型反应。龟纹瓢虫取食转基因棉花上的烟粉虱的理论极限值、瞬间攻击率均大于常规棉花。     

棉蚜及其捕食性天敌时空生态位研究

研究结果表明,棉蚜的时间生态位宽度较小而空间生态位宽度较大,说明棉蚜种群的发生有高峰期明显和全株为害的特点．棉蚜的时动空间生态位宽度与种群密度无相关性,说明棉蚜的为害较复杂．捕食性天敌中草间小黑蛛和龟纹瓢虫的时空生态位宽度较大,说明它们发生期较长、分布范围较广．八斑球腹蛛和龟纹瓢虫与棉蚜的时间生态位重叠度较大,八斑球腹蛛和草间小黑蛛与棉蚜的空间生态位重量度较大．与棉蚜的时间×空间生态位重叠度,八斑球腹蛛＞龟纹瓢虫＞草间小黑蛛＞其它天敌合计＞三色长蝽＞三突花蛛＞小花蝽,这一结果同棉蚜与捕食性天敌数量的关联度大小排序相一致,表明捕食性天敌与棉蚜的时间同步和空间同线性与天敌的捕食作用密切相关．     

棉田优势天敌对棉铃虫种群的控制作用

采用二次正交回归旋转组合设计及其方程Ya=b0 ∑bixi ∑bijxij ∑biixi^2分别研究了棉田优势天敌类群小花蝽,异色瓢虫,龟纹瓢虫对棉铃虫卵,小花蝽,异色瓢虫,龟纹瓢虫,拟水涯狼蛛对棉铃虫1－2龄幼虫和三突花蛛,异色瓢虫,龟纹瓢虫,拟水涯狼蛛对棉铃虫3－6龄幼虫的捕食作用。通过对方程的失拟性检验和显著性检验以及对回归系数的显著性,分析了这些捕食性天敌与棉铃虫态之间的相互关系以及捕食性天敌之间的相互关系。     

转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉对棉蚜生命表参数及种群动态的影响

为研究新型转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉对棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover生命表参数及种群动态的影响。2010—2011年以常规棉中棉所49为对照,对新型转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉在室内进行了生物测定和田间进行了系统的调查。结果表明,和常规棉相比,转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉花上棉蚜的净增值率降低81.69%,差异达显著水平;内禀增长率和周限增长率分别降低65.00%和13.01%,但差异不显著;平均世代周期和种群加倍时间分别增加5.54%和154.19%,后者差异达显著水平。和常规棉相比,2010年转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉花百株苗蚜、伏蚜和秋蚜的数量分别降低10.79%、37.18%和17.49%,差异均未达显著水平;2011年转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab基因棉花百株苗蚜的数量增加2.03%,伏蚜和秋蚜的数量分别降低37.41%和64.03%,差异均未达显著水平。     

Cry1Fa对Cry1Ac抗性棉铃虫的毒力评价

为了防治多种鳞翅目害虫, 表达Cry1Fa的转基因玉米和棉花已在美国商业化种植。明确棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera对Cry1Fa与Cry1Ac的交互抗性及这两种杀虫蛋白之间的协同作用, 可以为表达 Cry1Fa+Cry1Ac的转双价抗虫棉花的合理应用提供依据。本实验测定了Cry1Fa对棉铃虫敏感品系（96S）及用Cry1Ac筛选的抗性品系（BtR, 抗性倍数2 194.15倍）的毒力, 发现Cry1Fa对敏感棉铃虫的毒力远低于Cry1Ac, LC₅₀值是Cry1Ac的504.80倍; 而且抗性品系BtR对Cry1Fa存在19.98倍的交互抗性。Cry1Fa与Cry1Ac混用可以提高Cry1Fa毒杀敏感棉铃虫的效果, 尤其是Cry1Fa浓度较低时, 加入Cry1Ac, 可以显著增加Cry1Fa的毒力; 但只有加入较高浓度的Cry1Fa时才能增加Cry1Ac的毒力。由于BtR品系已经对Cry1Ac产生抗性, Cry1Ac对抗性棉铃虫的毒力明显降低; 在较高浓度的Cry1Ac中加入Cry1Fa可以显著增加棉铃虫的死亡率（P=0.0015, F=6.88, df=6）, 但最高死亡率仅为58.33%。D-饱和最优试验的结果证实, Cry1Ac对于敏感棉铃虫的死亡率的影响达到显著水平（t₁=13.76﹥t_0.05）, Cry1Ac与Cry1Fa的交互作用对毒力的影响也达到显著水平（t₂₂=2.42﹥t_0.05; t₁₁=6.95﹥t_0.05; t₁₂=3.43﹥t_0.05）。Cry1Ac和Cry1Fa对抗性棉铃虫死亡率的影响都达到显著水平（t₁=3.03﹥t_0.05;t₂=2.59﹥t_0.05）, 但Cry1Ac是决定抗、 感棉铃虫死亡率的关键因素; Cry1Ac与Cry1Fa最佳浓度配比范围都是1.41~2.10 μg/cm2; 在抗性品系中, Cry1Ac和Cry1Fa的交互作用不显著。所以, 尽管Cry1F+Cry1A作物扩大了杀虫谱, 但棉铃虫对这两种蛋白存在交互抗性, 而且这两种蛋白混用对治理抗Cry1Ac棉铃虫的效果不理想, 因此不建议在中国种植表达Cry1F+Cry1A的棉花。关     

Control of resistant pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) by transgenic cotton that produces Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry2Ab

Crops genetically engineered to produce Bacillus thuringiensis toxins for insect control can reduce use of conventional insecticides, but insect resistance could limit the success of this technology. The first generation of transgenic cotton with B. thuringiensis produces a single toxin, Cry1Ac, that is highly effective against susceptible larvae of pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), a major cotton pest. To counter potential problems with resistance, second-generation transgenic cotton that produces B. thuringiensis toxin Cry2Ab alone or in combination with Cry1Ac has been developed. In greenhouse bioassays, a pink bollworm strain selected in the laboratory for resistance to Cry1Ac survived equally well on transgenic cotton with Cry1Ac and on cotton without Cry1Ac. In contrast, Cry1Ac-resistant pink bollworm had little or no survival on second-generation transgenic cotton with Cry2Ab alone or with Cry1Ac plus Cry2Ab. Artificial diet bioassays showed that resistance to Cry1Ac did not confer strong cross-resistance to Cry2Aa. Strains with >90% larval survival on diet with 10 microg of Cry1Ac per ml showed 0% survival on diet with 3.2 or 10 microg of Cry2Aa per ml. However, the average survival of larvae fed a diet with 1 microg of Cry2Aa per ml was higher for Cry1Ac-resistant strains (2 to 10%) than for susceptible strains (0%). If plants with Cry1Ac plus Cry2Ab are deployed while genes that confer resistance to each of these toxins are rare, and if the inheritance of resistance to both toxins is recessive, the efficacy of transgenic cotton might be greatly extended.     

Effects of transgenic Cry1A＋CpTI cotton and Cry1Ac toxin on the parasitoid, Campoketis chlorideae （Hymenoptera：Ichneumonidae）

Abstract The effect of transgenic double genes, Cry1A + CpTI cotton and Cry1Ac toxin on the parasitoid, Campoketis chlorideae Uchida of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), was investigated in the laboratory. Helicoverpa armigera larvae when in the first, second and third instar could not survive if fed on transgenic cotton leaves. Consequently, C. chlorideae larvae could not complete their development if parasitizing on such hosts. After H. armigera larvae were reared on transgenic or traditional cotton leaves for 12J48 hours, they were parasitized by C. chlorideae females. Parasitized larvae continued to feed on transgenic or traditional cotton for 12–48 h. The present results showed that the body weight of larvae of the parasitoids were significantly reduced when parasitized hosts fed on transgenic cotton leaves compared to those fed on traditional cotton. Duration of egg and larvae stage were significantly prolonged, pupal and adult weight of C. chloridae was decreased when the host larvae fed on transgenic cotton leaves longer than 48 h. The development duration of C. chlorideae pupae on the hosts fed on transgenic cotton leaves in each treatment was not significantly different from those of controls. The longevity of parasitoid females and males fed with a solution containing Cry1Ac toxin was not significantly different with that of the control.     

转Bt基因棉和转Bt+CpTI双价基因棉对棉田主要害虫及其天敌种群动态的 影响

2002年4～10月,在北京西北旺中国农科院实验园区系统研究了单价转基因棉GK321（CryIAc）和双价转基因棉SGK321CryIAc+CpTI）对棉田主要害虫及其天敌种群动态的影响。试验设三种处理：单价转基因棉田（单价棉田）、双价转基因棉田（双价棉田）和常规对照棉(石远321)田（常规棉田）。在棉花的整个生育期系统调查棉田主要害虫及其天敌的种群数量。结果表明,单、双价棉田棉铃虫的发生数量都显著低于常规棉田;双价棉抗虫性在棉铃虫第2代发生期和单价棉无差异,但第3代发生期双价棉田内棉铃虫幼虫百株累计量比单价棉田减少了36.6%,抗虫性明显优于单价转基因棉。两种转基因棉田内非靶标害虫的发生量明显高于对照棉田的发生量,每种非靶标害虫在双价棉田和单价棉田发生数量多少因种类而异。双价棉田和单价棉田相比,棉蚜、棉叶蝉和棉粉虱的累计发生数量分别减少了33.0%、50.6%和22.7%,前两种差异极显著,后一种差异不显著;棉蓟马和绿盲蝽分别增加了208.9%和18.4%,前者差异显著,后者差异不显著。大多数天敌（包括捕食性和寄生性）在转基因棉田内发生数量显著低于常规棉田的发生数量。双价棉田内的龟纹瓢虫、棉蚜茧蜂和卵形异绒螨比单价棉田分别减少30.4%、42.8%和46.8%,差异均显著;草蛉卵和蜘蛛比单价棉田分别减少20.0%和27.4%,但差异不显著;双价棉田内的中华草蛉和小花蝽分别比单价棉田增加了27.0%和8.9%,前者差异显著,后者差异不显著。所以,单、双价转基因棉相比,对不同天敌的影响差异较大。     

Increasing tolerance to Cry1Ac cotton from cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, was confirmed in Bt cotton farming area of China

Abstract.  1. Changes in the frequency of Cry1Ac resistance genes and shifts in tolerance of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera , to the Cry1Ac toxin were assessed using bioassays of F₁ and F₂ offspring of isofemale lines from Anci County of Hebei Province (a multiple-crop system including corn, soybean, peanut, and Bt cotton) and Xiajin County of Shandong Province (an intensive Bt cotton planting area) in Northern China during 2002–2005.
2. A conservative analysis of the overall results indicated that there was a small increase in the frequency of major, non-recessive resistance genes over time.
3. The relative average development ratings [RADR – growth rate of a line on a Bt diet in proportion to the growth rate on a non-Bt (NBT) diet] of the bollworm larvae in F₁ tests increased significantly from year to year, indicating a gradual trend towards higher tolerance to Cry1Ac in the field populations.
4. There were also significant positive correlations between RADR of the lines in the F₁ generation and the RADR of their F₂ offspring, indicating that the tolerance was genetically based.
5. Quantitative genetic simulation analysis showed that resistance of H . armigera to Bt cotton in Xiajin could evolve to a high level in 11–15 years if no effective resistance management measures are carried out.     

Bt-Cry5Aa 基因转化棉花及其抗虫性鉴定

我国棉花抗虫基因大都为Cry1Ab/c,抗性风险日趋增加。本研究依据棉花密码子偏好,人工合成Bt-Cry5Aa抗虫基因,通过花粉管通道法转入棉花,并通过卡那霉素法及PCR方法对不同世代转化株进行鉴定,同时进行了抗虫性测试。结果表明,通过花粉管通道法成功获得转Bt-Cry5Aa基因植株,通过田间卡那霉素鉴定,阳性株率T1为7.76%,T2为73.1%,T3为95.5%;PCR检测显示,T1阳性率为2.35%,T2为55.8%,T3为94.5%;田间抗性试验分析,转Bt-Cry5Aa株系对第2、3、4代棉铃虫校正死亡率分别达到85.42%、75.35%和62.79%,其抗虫性与GK19相比差异不显著;Bt-Cry5Aa能够部分替代目前主流鳞翅目抗虫基因,是棉铃虫的新抗源。     

Transgenic cotton co-expressing chimeric Vip3AcAa and Cry1Ac confers effective protection against Cry1Ac-resistant cotton bollworm

Wide planting of transgenic Bt cotton in China since 1997 to control cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) has increased yields and decreased insecticide use, but the evolution of resistance to Bt cotton by H. armigera remains a challenge. Toward developing a new generation of insect-resistant transgenic crops, a chimeric protein of Vip3Aa1 and Vip3Ac1, named Vip3AcAa, having a broader insecticidal spectrum, was specifically created previously in our laboratory. In this study, we investigated cross resistance and interactions between Vip3AcAa and Cry1Ac with three H. armigera strains, one that is susceptible and two that are Cry1Ac-resistant, to determine if Vip3AcAa is a good candidate for development the pyramid cotton with Cry1Ac toxin. Our results showed that evolution of insect resistance to Cry1Ac toxin did not influence the sensitivity of Cry1Ac-resistant strains to Vip3AcAa. For the strains examined, observed mortality was equivalent to the expected mortality for all the combinations of Vip3AcAa and Cry1Ac tested, reflecting independent activity between these two toxins. When this chimeric vip3AcAa gene and the cry1Ac gene were introduced into cotton, mortality rates of Cry1Ac resistant H. armigera larvae strains that fed on this new cotton increased significantly compared with larvae fed on non-Bt cotton and cotton producing only Cry1Ac. These results suggest that the Vip3AcAa protein is an excellent option for a “pyramid” strategy for pest resistance management in China.