转Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab棉花生长势及其对棉田节肢动物物种丰富度的影响

【背景】转基因棉花在商业化种植之前,必须评价其环境安全性。其中新型棉花材料的生存竞争能力和对物种丰富度的影响是评价的重要内容。【方法】以转Cry1Ac＋Cry2Ab基因棉为试验材料,转Cry1Ac棉花中棉所41和非转基因棉花中棉所49为对照品种,分别于2014年5~9月对棉花株高、主茎叶片数、叶绿素含量、比叶面积、果枝数、蕾铃数等生长参数进行比较,同时对二代、三代和四代棉铃虫发生期棉田物种丰富度进行系统调查。【结果】转Cry1Ac＋Cry2Ab棉花的生长势与转Cry1Ac棉花和非转基因棉花基本相当,没有表现出明显的竞争优势;产量构成参数在成铃和脱落等方面比非转基因棉表现出良好的优势。对棉田节肢动物物种丰富度的影响表明,转Cry1Ac＋Cry2Ab棉花对靶标害虫棉铃虫具有良好的控制效果,对主要刺吸性害虫棉蚜、棉蓟马、烟粉虱、绿盲蝽与天敌龟纹瓢虫、草间小黑蛛、草蛉和小花蝽等的种群丰富度在个别时期有所影响,但总体上与转Cry1Ac棉田和非转基因棉田没有显著性差异。【结论与意义】转Cry1Ac＋Cry2Ab棉花无竞争优势,但目标性状优势较好;对棉田节肢动物物种丰富度无明显影响。研究结果为新型转Cry1Ac＋Cry2Ab棉花对棉田环境安全方面的研究进一步补充了内容,为转基因棉花的环境安全评价提供科学数据。

Effects of transgenic Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab on the cotton growth potential and arthropod species richness in cotton fields

【Background】The environmental safety assessment of transgenic crop is required before its commercial cultivation. In this study,we used the assessment of transgenic crop and investiged the effects to cotton arthropod species richness in cotton fields.【Method】We compared the plant height,leaf number of main stem,the content of chlorophyll,specific leaf area,fruit branch number,boll number and other growth parameters in the field of the Cry1 Ac ＋ Cry2 Ab transgenic cotton during May to September in 2014 as well as in transgenis Cry1 Ac cotton CCRI 41 and non-transgenic cotton variety CCRI 49 fields for comparison. At the same time,the species richness of arthropod community in cotton fields was systematic surveyed during the second,third and fourth generation of cotton bollworm occurrence. 【Result】The growth potential was no different between transgenic Cry1 Ac ＋ Cry2 Ab cotton,transgenic Cry1 Ac cotton and non-transgenic cotton. In terms of arthropod community,the target pest Helicoverpa armigera was obviously controlled,but there was no influence of transgenic Cry1 Ac ＋ Cry2 Ab cotton on other sucking pests and natural enemies,such as cotton aphids,cotton thrips,Bemisia tabaci,Lygus lucorum,Propylaea japonica,Erigonidium graminicola,lacewings and Orius.【Conclusion and significance】Transgenic Cry1 Ac ＋ Cry2 Ab cotton has no competitive advantage against the other cotton crops,but plants traits were better than the other cotton crops. No obvious effects on the arthropod species richness in cotton fields were observed. The study supports the ideas that transgenic Cry1 Ac ＋ Cry2 Ab cotton is relatively safe.