RunX3对小鼠骨髓造血干细胞功能的影响

目的研究RunX3基因对造血干细胞自我更新和分化能力的影响。方法流式细胞术测定小鼠骨髓干细胞和外周血单个核细胞的比例;通过竞争性骨髓移植实验检测RunX3转基因小鼠骨髓干细胞的功能。结果移植后来源于RunX3-/-小鼠骨髓干细胞供体的外周血细胞占总外周血细胞的比例与野生对照鼠相比无明显差异,移植后来源于RunX3-/-小鼠骨髓干细胞供体的外周血中髓系细胞占总外周血髓系细胞的比例较野生型对照鼠高。结论RunX3基因缺失对骨髓造血干细胞的自我更新没有影响,但其可能参与了骨髓造血干细胞的分化过程。     

小鼠胚胎循环血中造血祖细胞的发育特点

目的：系统地考察小鼠胚胎循环血中造血祖细胞的发育特征。方法：应用体外集落形成实验、脾结节形成实验、基质细胞OP9或OP9-DL1共培养体系,分别考察胚胎期10．5d（E10．5）和11．5d（E11．5）小鼠胚胎循环血的髓系祖细胞和淋系祖细胞潜能。结果：小鼠胚胎循环血中含有各类髓系祖细胞,E11．5的小鼠胚胎循环血的髓系祖细胞的数量显著增加;同时循环血细胞经体外诱导可产生B、T淋巴细胞。结论：小鼠E10．5-E11．5的胚胎循环血中存在丰富的具有髓系和淋系潜能的前体细胞。     

Cramp过表达对小鼠骨髓造血干细胞功能的影响

目的研究Cramp蛋白过表达对小鼠骨髓造血干细胞自我更新和分化能力的影响。方法应用流式细胞仪分析Cramp过表达转基因小鼠及同龄野生型小鼠的骨髓、脾脏、胸腺等组织器官中各种细胞的比例;分选骨髓造血干细胞,体外培养,观察其克隆形成能力。结果与野生型小鼠相比,Cramp过表达转基因小鼠的骨髓、脾脏、胸腺等组织器官中各种细胞的比例、骨髓造血干细胞的克隆形成能力等均无明显变化。结论本研究中,Cramp过表达转基因小鼠骨髓造血干细胞的分化能力、克隆形成能力无明显变化。     

巨核细胞系统生成的调控

巨核系是髓系造血的一部分,来自造血干细胞的巨核祖细胞,经增殖分化成为成熟的巨核细胞,最后生成血小板。巨核集落刺激因子主要作用于巨核祖细胞,使其增殖分化,并在体外增加巨核集落生成率。血小板生成索是肾脏等器官产生的糖蛋白,其血中含量受血小板数反馈调节,它的主要作用是促进巨核细胞DNA 合成、胞浆成熟和血小板生成。     

骨髓内皮细胞来源的可溶性因子调节造血系、内皮系及胚胎干细胞的分化和增殖(英文)

本研究室建立了一支骨髓内皮细胞(bone marrow endothelial cell,BMEC)株。本文综述了这一内皮细胞株细胞的条件培养液(bone marrow endothelial cell-conditioned medium,BMEC-CM)对造血系、内皮系及胚胎干细胞的分化增殖的作用。(1)BMEC-CM促进造血系细胞的分化和增殖;(2)BMEC-CM促进内皮系细胞的分化和增殖;(3)BMEC-CM诱导造血干/祖细胞向内皮系细胞分化;(4)BMEC-CM诱导胚胎干细胞分化为造血细胞和内皮细胞。以上研究成果提示,骨髓内皮细胞分泌可溶性因子支持造血系及内皮系细胞的分化与增殖,促进造血系细胞向内皮系细胞的横向分化,诱导胚胎干细胞分化为造血细胞和内皮细胞。本文进一步阐述了造血系与内皮系之间的密切关系,对缺血性疾病及肿瘤疾病提供有效治疗策略。     

蛋白酶3对造血干/祖细胞增殖和分化的影响

蛋白酶3(proteinase 3, PRTN3)是一种中性丝氨酸蛋白酶,与病原体清除、组织损伤和细胞凋亡有关。近期研究发现, Prtn3在造血干/祖细胞中高表达,但其生物学功能及意义仍不清楚。围绕上述问题,该文采用单细胞转录组测序方法分析Prtn3基因在野生型小鼠(WT)血细胞中的表达情况;构建Prtn3基因敲除小鼠(Prtn3–/–),并采用流式细胞术和血常规分别分析Prtn3–/–小鼠骨髓中的LT-HSC、ST-HSC、MPP、CMP、GMP、MEP及分化成熟细胞的数目和比例;体外干/祖细胞单细胞和集落培养法分析LSK细胞的增殖和分化潜能;竞争移植实验分析Prtn3–/–小鼠LSK细胞的竞争能力以及外周血、脾脏和骨髓中各种血细胞的数目和比例;免疫荧光法分析Prtn3–/–小鼠脾脏和骨髓中的供体血细胞分布。结果显示, Prtn3在小鼠造血干/祖细胞,尤其是在髓系祖细胞(CMP和GMP)中持续高表达; Prtn3–/–小鼠骨髓中LSK和LK细胞所占比例显著高于WT小鼠骨髓中LSK和LK细胞的比例且表现为LT-HSC、ST-HSC、MPP、CMP及GMP在骨髓细胞中的比例均显著增加(P...     

炎症与肿瘤发生对造血祖细胞发育失衡的影响

主要研究炎症和肿瘤对小鼠造血免疫系统中造血祖细胞(Hematopoietic progenitor cells,HPCs)影响,探索炎症和肿瘤状态下造血-免疫系统间的相关性。利用偶氮甲烷(Azoxymethane,AOM)和右旋糖酐硫酸钠(Dextran sulfate sodium salt,DSS)共同诱导构建小鼠炎症性结肠癌模型,并采用流式细胞术分析正常、炎症和肿瘤小鼠造血祖细胞丰度以及细胞周期。炎症和肿瘤进程中,小鼠骨髓中较上游的多能祖细胞(Multi-potent progenitors,MPPs)占骨髓细胞的百分比显著升高,共髓系同祖细胞(Common myeloid progenitors,CMPs)、巨核细胞/红系祖细胞(Megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors,MEPs)和粒细胞/巨噬细胞祖细胞(Granulocyte/macrophage progenitors,GMPs)也有类似变化,相反共同淋巴祖细胞(Common lymphoid progenitors,CLPs)则显著下降;并且,炎症和肿瘤状态下,髓系祖细胞分裂能力显著强于正常生理状态;肿瘤状态下,小鼠外周血CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值显著下降。炎症和肿瘤进程中,HSPCs偏向髓系分化;肿瘤状态下小鼠细胞免疫功能失衡且长期的炎症损害可能会引起免疫系统的失衡并最终导致肿瘤的形成。     

骨髓动员对骨髓造血干细胞在心肌梗死后心脏中定植及分化的影响

目的观察小鼠心肌梗死后骨髓造血干细胞在心脏内的分化及细胞因子的影响。方法C57/BL6小鼠60只分为骨髓动员组和对照组,先后行脾切除、骨髓移植（骨髓供体为增强绿色荧光蛋白转基因小鼠）、骨髓动员及建立心肌梗死模型。心肌梗死后3周将小鼠心脏取出并切片行组织学及激光共聚焦显微镜免疫荧光检查。结果骨髓动员可以增加EGFP阳性细胞在心脏中梗死区和边缘区的定植,但绝大多数EGFP阳性细胞都同时表达CD45。仅发现有极少数骨髓来源的心肌细胞、成纤维细胞及血管内皮细胞,且与骨髓动员无相关性。结论骨髓动员能够明显促进骨髓来源细胞定植入小鼠心脏的梗死区;极少数骨髓造血干细胞可以分化为心肌细胞,其数量远不足以修复梗死心肌及改善心功能;骨髓造血干细胞不参与梗死区疤痕形成的病理过程。     

远红外线对造血干/祖细胞生物学特性的影响

目的:了解远红外线对造血细胞增殖和定向分化的影响.方法:应用体外小鼠骨髓细胞培养技术,观察远红外线对拉-单祖细胞(CFU-GM),红系祖细胞(CFU-E)和成纤维细胞(CFU-F)增殖和分化的影响,并且利用免疫荧光纳米粒子(1FNB)检测靶细胞表面分化抗原(CD),进一步评佑远红外线对造血干/祖细胞的影响.结果:远红外线在37℃条件下照射时CFU-E、CFU-F和CFU-GM生成有促进作用,小鼠骨髓细胞表面标记有变化,靶细胞经2min照射后,增殖最旺盛.2min组与其它实验组(1min,5min,10min)数据经统计学处理,具有差异性(P均<0.05).结论:远红外线时小鼠骨髓造血干/祖细胞的增殖具有正调节作用并可诱导细胞表面标志改变.     

间充质干细胞对造血干/祖细胞分化为巨核细胞的影响

目的:探讨间充质干细胞(MSC)共培养对体外诱导脐带血单个核细胞来源的造血干/祖细胞生成巨核细胞的影响。方法:分离得到骨髓和脐带2种来源的MSC,并对它们进行表面标志和多向分化能力的鉴定,同时通过实时定量PCR及对RT-PCR产物的电泳分析,对比相同培养代数下2种MSC表达造血因子的情况;用梯度离心法分离得到单个核细胞,通过直接接触或Trans-well分隔的方式分别与MSC共培养,观察细胞增殖情况,并检测巨核系特异性的表面标志和相关基因的表达。结果:骨髓和脐带来源的MSC均分泌对巨核细胞增殖分化有促进作用的造血因子,与造血干/祖细胞直接共培养,对于巨核细胞的增殖有明显的促进作用,分化效果不明显;在非接触共培养的条件下,对巨核细胞的增殖及分化都产生促进作用,且骨髓来源的MSC较脐带来源的MSC效果更加明显。结论:MSC与脐带血造血干/祖细胞非接触培养,对其向巨核分化和增殖的促进作用明显,本实验所用的骨髓来源MSC促分化效果更好。本研究为今后进一步优化巨核系诱导分化体系奠定了基础,并对未来体外大规模制备巨核系祖细胞应用于临床治疗有一定的指导作用。     

Cav-1 deletion impaired hematopoietic stem cell function

A tightly controlled balance between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartments is required to maintain normal blood cell homeostasis throughout life, and this balance is regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic cellular factors. Cav-1 is a 22-kDa protein that is located in plasma membrane invaginations and is implicated in regulating neural stem cell and embryonic stem cell proliferation. However, the role of Cav-1 in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function is largely unknown. In this study, we used Cav-1^−/− mice to investigate the role of Cav-1 in HSCs function during aging. The results showed that Cav-1^−/− mice displayed a decreased percentage of B cells and an increased percentage of M cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood, and these changes were due to an increased number of HSCs. FACS analysis showed that the numbers of Lin⁻Sca1⁺c-kit⁺ cells (LSKs), long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs), short-term HSCs and multipotent progenitors were increased in Cav-1^−/− mice compared with Cav-1^+/+ mice, and this increase became more pronounced with aging. An in vitro clonogenic assay showed that LT-HSCs from Cav-1^−/− mice had reduced ability to self-renew. Consistently, an in vivo competitive transplantation assay showed that Cav-1^−/− mice failed to reconstitute hematopoiesis. Moreover, a Cav-1 deletion disrupted the quiescence of LSKs and promoted cell cycle progression through G2/M phase. In addition, we found that Cav-1 deletion impaired the ability of HSCs to differentiate into mature blood cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Cav-1-deficient cells impaired HSCs quiescence and induced environmental alterations, which limited HSCs self-renewal and function.     

罗汉果和熟地增加小鼠造血干细胞的数量和功能

目的：罗汉果和熟地具有增强机体免疫力,延年益寿的作用。本文研究罗汉果和熟地对造血干细胞的影响。方法各组小鼠连续喂养罗汉果或熟地3个月,流式细胞仪测量小鼠的外周血、脾脏和骨髓中免疫细胞和造血干细胞的变化;小鼠用半致死剂量的放射线照射后,连续喂养罗汉果或熟地1个月后,流式细胞仪测量罗汉果或熟地对于免疫细胞和造血干细胞损伤修复的作用。结果分析检测结果发现,与对照组相比,长期喂养罗汉果或熟地的小鼠骨髓和外周血中B细胞的比例降低,粒细胞的比例增加,T细胞没有明显变化;骨髓中造血干细胞的数量增加,尤其是长期造血干细胞数量增加显著。半致死剂量的放射线照射后,罗汉果或熟地喂养1个月,小鼠的粒细胞和T细胞都有明显的改善,造血干细胞的数量明显增加。结论罗汉果或熟地长期服用会增加小鼠造血干细胞的数量和功能,促进了辐射所致的骨髓抑制小鼠的造血干细胞的恢复。     

Components of the hematopoietic compartments in tumor stroma and tumor-bearing mice

Solid tumors are composed of cancerous cells and non-cancerous stroma. A better understanding of the tumor stroma could lead to new therapeutic applications. However, the exact compositions and functions of the tumor stroma are still largely unknown. Here, using a Lewis lung carcinoma implantation mouse model, we examined the hematopoietic compartments in tumor stroma and tumor-bearing mice. Different lineages of differentiated hematopoietic cells existed in tumor stroma with the percentage of myeloid cells increasing and the percentage of lymphoid and erythroid cells decreasing over time. Using bone marrow reconstitution analysis, we showed that the tumor stroma also contained functional hematopoietic stem cells. All hematopoietic cells in the tumor stroma originated from bone marrow. In the bone marrow and peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice, myeloid populations increased and lymphoid and erythroid populations decreased and numbers of hematopoietic stem cells markedly increased with time. To investigate the function of hematopoietic cells in tumor stroma, we co-implanted various types of hematopoietic cells with cancer cells. We found that total hematopoietic cells in the tumor stroma promoted tumor development. Furthermore, the growth of the primary implanted Lewis lung carcinomas and their metastasis were significantly decreased in mice reconstituted with IGF type I receptor-deficient hematopoietic stem cells, indicating that IGF signaling in the hematopoietic tumor stroma supports tumor outgrowth. These results reveal that hematopoietic cells in the tumor stroma regulate tumor development and that tumor progression significantly alters the host hematopoietic compartment.     

Interferon regulatory factor-2 induces megakaryopoiesis in mouse bone marrow hematopoietic cells

Megakaryopoiesis is associated with inflammatory reactions. To investigate the role of interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) in inflammation-associated megakaryopoiesis, mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were analyzed. IFN-γ treatment induced IRF-2 expression as well as the expression of CD41 and IRF-1 in HSCs. An in vitro clonogenic assay showed that IRF-2- but not IRF-1-overexpressing cells increased the number of megakaryocytic colonies. IRF-2 transfection up-regulated CD41 promoter activity in hematopoietic cell lines. The number of CD41-positive bone marrow cells increased in mice injected with IRF-2-expressing bone marrow cells. These findings suggest that IRF-2 plays an important role in megakaryopoiesis in inflammatory states.     

Mice lacking c-fos have normal hematopoietic stem cells but exhibit altered B-cell differentiation due to an impaired bone marrow environment.

Mice lacking c-fos develop severe osteopetrosis with deficiencies in bone remodeling and exhibit extramedullary hematopoiesis, thymic atrophy, and altered B-cell development. In this study, we have used these mice to characterize in detail the developmental potential of hematopoietic stem cells lacking c-fos and to analyze how the lymphoid differentiation is altered. In c-fos -/- mice, B-cell numbers are reduced in the spleen, lymph nodes, and the peripheral blood as a result of a marked reduction (> 90%) in the number of clonogenic B-cell precursors. In contrast, the number and lineage distribution of myeloid progenitor cells are not affected. The thymic defects observed in a large number of these mice correlate with their health status, suggesting that this may be an indirect effect of the c-fos mutation. In vitro differentiation and bone marrow reconstitution experiments demonstrated that hematopoietic stem cells lacking c-fos can give rise to all mature myeloid as well as lymphoid cells, suggesting that the observed B lymphopenia in the mutant mice is due to an altered environment. Transplantation of wild-type bone marrow cells into newborn mutant mice resulted in the establishment of a bone marrow space and subsequent correction of the B-cell defect. These results demonstrate that hematopoietic stem cells lacking Fos have full developmental potential and that the observed defect in B-cell development is most likely due to the impaired bone marrow environment as a consequence of osteopetrosis.     

Ganoderma spore lipid protects mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoiesis from the cytotoxicity of the chemotherapeutic agent

Cancer chemotherapeutic agents are frequently toxic to bone marrow and impair bone marrow functions. It is unclear whether ganoderma spore lipid (GSL) can protect bone marrow cells from the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy. To investigate the protective effects of GSL on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoiesis, we examined the effects of GSL on MSCs in vitro and hematopoiesis in vivo after treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide. MSCs and peripheral blood cells were isolated and counted from the bone marrow of normal mice were pre-treated with GSL before CTX treatment or co-treated with GSL and CTX, followed by examining the changes in phenotype, morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation potentials. The results showed that GSL could reduce the CTX-induced changes in the phenotype of MSCs and maintain the elongated fibroblast-like morphology. MTT and annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) analyses found that GSL pre-treatment and co-treatment increased the proliferation and decreased the apoptosis in CTX-treated MSCs. Furthermore, GSL improved the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials of CTX-treated MSCs. In vivo, GSL treatment increased the number of peripheral blood cells including white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT) in the CTX-treated mice and enhanced the in vitro formation of hematopoietic lineage colonies (erythrocyte colony forming unit, CFU-E; erythroid burst-forming units, BFU-E; and granulocyte macrophage colony-forming units, CFU-GM) from bone marrow cells in these mice. These findings suggest GSL could protect MSCs and hematopoiesis from the cytotoxicity of CTX and might become an effective adjuvant to attenuate side effects of chemotherapy during cancer treatment.     

造血干细胞特异性表达Cre重组酶转基因小鼠的建立

EDAG是在胚胎发育阶段造血干细胞特异性表达的基因.为了在早期造血组织细胞中实现相关基因的条件敲除,构建了含有早期造血组织特异性表达的EDAG启动子和Cre重组酶基因的转基因EDAG-Cre表达载体质粒.通过显微注射的方法将线性化的5.6kb的EDAG-Cre转基因片段导入小鼠受精卵细胞核,获得的新生小鼠经过PCR鉴定,常规方法培育传代.结果发现,共获得了6只阳性转基因首建鼠,其中4只已经建系并稳定传代.RT-PCR分析表明Cre重组酶基因在阳性转基因小鼠的骨髓、脾脏、胸腺、外周血以及胎肝等组织中均有表达,重组酶活性也在脾和骨髓中获得确认.EDAG-Cre重组酶转基因小鼠的建立,为研究早期造血组织以及造血干细胞特异性基因条件敲除小鼠模型的建立奠定了基础.     

MKP1基因对小鼠造血干细胞功能的影响

目的通过构建MKP1转基因小鼠模型,研究MKP1基因对造血干细胞自我更新能力的影响。方法运用显微注射法建立MKP1转基因小鼠;PCR和RT-PCR检测MKP1基因在转基因小鼠的表达水平;流式细胞术测定小鼠骨髓干细胞和外周血单个核细胞的比例;通过竞争性骨髓移植实验检测MKP1转基因小鼠骨髓干细胞的功能。结果建立了MKP1转基因小鼠;MKP1转基因小鼠骨髓干细胞数量减少;竞争性骨髓移植实验显示MKP1转基因骨髓干细胞来源的外周血细胞总数、B细胞、粒细胞显著减少（P〈0.001）,提示MKP1转基因小鼠骨髓干细胞的功能下降。结论在MKP1转基因小鼠模型中,MKP1基因的过表达影响了小鼠的骨髓干细胞的功能。     

Impairment of erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation by a leukemia-associated and t(9;9)-derived fusion gene product, SET/TAF-Ibeta-CAN/Nup214

SET-CAN associated with the t(9;9) in acute undifferentiated leukemia encodes almost the entire sequence of SET and the C-terminal two-third portion of CAN, including the FG repeat region. To clarify a role(s) of SET-CAN in leukemogenesis, we developed transgenic mice expressing SET-CAN under the control of the Gata1 gene hematopoietic regulatory domain that is active in distinct sets of hematopoietic cells. SET-CAN transgenic mice showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and splenomegaly. A significant number of transgenic mice started dying after 6 months post-birth, being in good agreement with the fact that red blood cells and platelets decreased. We found that a significant number of c-kit+ myeloid cells appeared in peripheral blood in transgenic mice. Characterization of the bone marrow cells of transgenic mice indicated impairment in hematopoietic differentiation of erythroid, megakaryocytic, and B cell lineages by SET-CAN. Transgenic mice, in particular, exhibited a high population of the c-kit+Sca-1+Lin- fraction in bone marrow cells compared with that of the control littermates. Our results demonstrate that SET-CAN blocks the hematopoietic differentiation program--one of the characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia.