延胡索的化学成分研究(英文)

采用现代分离技术和方法,从延胡索根茎中分离得到17个化合物,通过波谱分析鉴定其结构。包括11个生物碱类化合物,二氢白屈菜红碱(1)、去氢紫堇碱(2)、四氢非洲防己胺(3)、异紫堇球碱(4)、紫堇碱(5)、四氢黄连碱(6)、药根碱(7)、黄连碱(8)、小檗碱(12)、巴马汀(13)和延胡索乙素(14);2个蒽醌类化合物,大黄素(9)和大黄素甲醚(10);1个三萜类化合物,即3β-羟基-齐墩果烷-111,3(18)-二烯-28-酸(11)和3个甾醇类化合物,豆甾醇(15)、β-谷甾醇(16)和胡萝卜苷(17)。其中,化合物9～11首次从该属植物中分离得到,1首次从该种中分离得到。     

北豆根的化学成分研究

从北豆根中分离得到13个化合物,通过波谱数据和理化性质分别鉴定为:蝙蝠葛宁碱(1)、蝙蝠葛波酚碱(2)、6-O-去甲蝙蝠葛波酚碱(3)、蝙蝠葛啡诺林碱(4)、蝙蝠葛任碱(5)、木兰碱(6)、尖防己碱(7)、N-去甲尖防己碱(8)、N-去甲-N-甲酰基去氢荷叶碱(9)、表小檗碱(10)、对羟基苯乙基反式阿魏酸酯(11)、β-谷甾醇(12)、胡萝卜苷(13),以上化合物中9～11为首次从蝙蝠葛属中分离得到。     

醉魂藤的化学成分研究

运用多种色谱技术从云南产醉魂藤Heterostemma alatum wight中分离得到10个化合物.通过理化鉴别和波谱数据确定了他们的化合物结构分别为β-谷甾醇(1)、正二十四烷酸(2)、芹菜素(3)、胡萝卜苷(4)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、醉魂藤碱A(6)、醉魂藤碱B(7)、醉魂藤碱C(8)、醉魂藤碱D(9)和醉魂藤碱F(10).这些化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

千金藤属植物生物碱的高效液相色谱定量分析

采用Zorbax CN柱,以MeOH:H_2O:NH_4OH为流动相,在282nm紫外吸收波长检测下,测定了云南和贵州产9种千金藤属(Stephania)植物12个样品中千金藤素、汉防己甲素、轮环藤宁、光千金藤碱、颅痛定、克斑宁、异紫堇定及荷包牡丹碱等8个异喹啉类生物碱的含量,讨论了这些生物碱的分布规律。     

大花地不容中的生物碱

大花地不容（ＳｔｅｐｈａｎｉａｍａｃｒａｎｔｈａＨ．Ｓ．ＬｏｅｔＭ．Ｙａｎｇ）系防己科千金藤属（Ｓｔｅｐｈａ－ｎｉａ）一新种［１］。其化学成分未见报道。今从其块根中分得８种生物碱,经鉴定,主要为ｌ－四氢巴马汀（ｌ－ｔｅｔｒａｈｙｄｒｏｐａｌｍａｔｉｎｅ,Ⅰ）和异紫堇定碱（ｉｓｏｃｏｒｙｄｉｎｅ,Ⅱ）,得率分别为０．８３％和１．８２％。其余为紫堇定碱（ｃｏｒｙｄｉｎｅ,Ⅲ）、紫堇单酚碱（ｃｏｒｙｄａｌｍｉｎｅ,Ⅳ）、千金藤定碱（ｓｔｅｐｈａｌｉｄｉｎｅ,Ⅴ）、巴马汀碱（ｐａｌｍａｔｉｎｅ,Ⅵ）、紫…     

小花清风藤叶的化学成分研究

对于小花清风藤的化学成分和药理作用的研究目前较少报道,为了阐明小花清风藤的物质基础,该研究对小花清风藤(Sabia parviflora)的干燥叶,采用反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、制备薄层色谱及重结晶等手段进行分离纯化,运用化学分析和波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果表明:从小花清风藤干燥叶的甲醇超声提取物中进行分离共得到12个化合物,分别为N-反式阿魏酰酪胺(1)、N-顺式阿魏酰酪胺(2)、N-反式-对-香豆酰酪胺(3)、N-顺式-对-香豆酰酪胺(4)、N-反式-对-香豆酰章鱼胺(5)、N-顺式-对-香豆酰章鱼胺(6)、阿魏酸(7)、芹菜素(8)、木犀草素(9)、咖啡酸(10)、5-氧阿朴菲碱(11)、齐墩果酸(12)。其中,化合物2、4-9为首次从清风藤属植物中分离得到,化合物1、3、10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

小果十大功劳化学成分的研究

从小果十大功劳的石油醚层、氯仿层、正丁醇层中分离出9个化合物,利用UV、IR、NMR和MS等现代波谱分析方法,鉴定这9个化合物的结构为:二十九烷-10-醇(1)、亚麻酸甲酯(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、小檗碱(4)、异汉防已碱甲素(5)、四氢小檗碱(6)、白蓬皱褶碱(7),药根碱(8),1-棕榈酸单甘油酯(9)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

吴茱萸的化学成分研究

从吴茱萸中分离得到16个化合物,通过波谱数据和理化性质分别鉴定为:吴茱萸次碱(1)、吴茱萸碱(2)、去氢吴茱萸碱(3)、7β-羟基吴茱萸次碱(4)、吴茱萸果酰胺-Ⅱ(5)、14-甲酰基二氢吴茱萸次碱(6)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(7)、淫羊藿新苷C(8)、橙皮苷(9)、金丝桃苷(10)、吴茱萸内酯(11)、β-谷甾醇(12)、胡萝卜苷(13)、咖啡酸(14)、紫丁香苷(15)、儿茶酚(16).化合物9、15、16为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物15、16为首次从吴茱萸属植物中分离得到.     

荷叶的化学成分研究

从荷叶(Folium Nelumbinis)的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定出13个化合物,分别为荷叶碱(nuciferine,1),鹅掌楸碱(liriodenine,2),2-羟基-1-甲氧基阿朴啡(2-hydfoxy-1-methoxyaporphine,3),原荷叶碱(pronuciferine,4),去氢莲碱(dehydroroemerine,5),去氢荷叶碱(dehydronuciferine,6),莲碱(roemerine,7),胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,8),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,9),1-二十烷醇(1-icosanol,10),1-十一烷醇(1-undecanol,11),(2R,4S,4aS,8aS)-4,4a-环氧-4,4a-二氢食用西番莲素[(2R,4S,4aS,8aS)-4,4a-epoxy-4,4a-dihydroedulan,12]和邻二羟基苯酚(benzene-1,2-did,13).其中化合物10～13为首次从荷叶中分离得到.     

房山紫堇地上部分化学成分及其抗乳腺癌细胞增殖作用研究

对房山紫堇Corydalis fangshanensis地上部分化学成分及其体外抗乳腺肿瘤细胞活性进行研究。采用各种色谱分离技术对乙酸乙酯和正丁醇两个萃取部位进行系统分离纯化,通过多种波谱数据(1D、2D NMR、MS、IR、UV)鉴定化合物结构,从房山紫堇乙酸乙酯和正丁醇两个部位中鉴定了17个化合物,分别为7-acetyl thalifoline(1)、pycnarrhine(2)、corynoxidine(3)、trans-isocorypalmine N-oxide(4)、四氢巴马汀(5)、四氢药根碱(6)、liriotulipiferine(7)、异波尔定碱(8)、乌药碱(9)、脱氢甲卡维丁(10)、feruloylputrescine(11)、木黄酮(12)、二甲基咖啡酸(13)、4-羟基-3-甲氧基桂皮酰基-β-D-葡萄糖苷(14)、水仙苷(15)、丁香脂素-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(16)、异落叶松脂醇9-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(17)。其中化合物1作为天然产物首次报道,2～17是首次从房山紫堇中分离得到。结合体外MTT法评价单体化合物对人乳腺癌肿瘤细胞(MDA-MB-23...     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.     

Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum ( Apocynaceae : Asclepiadoideae )

Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.     

转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响

【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。     

Hydroxylation of steroids by Fusarium oxysporum, Exophiala jeanselmei and Ceratocystis paradoxa

The potential of Fusarium oxysporum var. cubense UAMH 9013 to perform steroid biotransformations was reinvestigated using single phase and pulse feed conditions. The following natural steroids served as substrates: dehydroepiandrosterone (1), pregnenolone (2), testosterone (3), progesterone (4), cortisone (5), prednisone (6), estrone (7) and sarsasapogenin (8). The results showed the possible presence of C-7 and C-15 hydroxylase enzymes. This hypothesis was explored using three synthetic androstanes: androstane-3,17-dione (9), androsta-4,6-diene-3,17-dione (10) and 3α,5α-cycloandrost-6-en-17-one (11). These fermentations of non-natural steroids showed that C-7 hydroxylation was as a result of that position being allylic. The evidence also pointed towards the presence of a C-15 hydroxylase enzyme.The eleven steroids were also fed to Exophialajeanselmei var. lecanii-corni UAMH 8783. The results showed that the fungus appears to have very active 5α and 14α-hydroxylase enzymes, and is also capable of carrying out allylic oxidations.Ceratocystis paradoxa UAMH 8784 was grown in the presence of the above-mentioned steroids. The results showed that monooxygenases which effect allylic hydroxylation and Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement were active. However, redox reactions predominated.