麦迪霉素4″—O—丙酰基转移酶（mpt）基因结构的研究

对含有麦迪霉素４″－Ｏ－丙酰基转移酶（ｍｐｔ）基因的ＢａｍＨＩ－ＢａｍＨＩ８．０ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段进行限制性酶切分析,绘制出了含有２１个酶切位点的限制性酶切图谱。以含有碳霉素异戊酰基转移酶基因（ＣａｒＥ）的２．４ｋｂ ＤＮＡ片段为探针,经Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分子杂交,将ｍｐｔ定位于一个ＥｃｏＲＩ－ＥｃｏＲＩ－ＰｓｔＩ３．０ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段上,将该片段克隆至大肠杆菌／链霉菌穿梭质粒载体ｐＷＨＭ３     

α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的基因克隆及在大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母中的表达

以ｐＵＣ１９质粒为载体,以Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ ＪＭ１０９为受体,构建了含α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶（α－ＡＬＤＣ）基因的地衣芽孢杆菌Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｌｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ ＡＳ１０１０６的基因文库,得到４８００个重组转化子中均含有４～１０ｋｂ的外源插入ＤＮＡ片段,从基因文库中筛选到６个阳性克隆,对其中１个克隆的α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因片段进行亚克隆分析表明,该α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因位于１．６ｋｂ的ＢａｍＨⅠ     

环状芽孢杆菌C-2几丁酶基因的克隆

环状芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｕｓｃｉｒｃｕｌａｎｓ）Ｃ２总ＤＮＡ经ＰｓｔＩ部分酶切后分离２～１０ｋｂ的片段,插入质粒ｐＵＣ１９的ＰｓｔＩ位点,转化大肠杆菌（Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉ）,利用几丁质平板从约８０００个重组子中筛选到一个几丁酶基因阳性克隆（命名为ｐＣＨＴ１）。用１２种限制酶对重组质粒进行的酶切分析表明,重组质粒中的插入片段长３０ｋｂ,其中各有一个ＫｐｎＩ,ＳａｃＩ和ＳｓｐＩ位点。把该克隆片段反向插入ｐＵＣ１９的ＰｓｔＩ位点所得到的重组子同样具有几丁酶基因表达活性,说明此片段含有一个完整的几丁酶基因,其自身的启动子能被大肠杆菌转录系统所识别。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证实了该片段来自于Ｂ．ｃｉｒｃｕｌａｎｓＣ２基因组,且以单拷贝形式存在,它不能与来自于其它７株几丁酶产生菌的总ＤＮＡ杂交。     

丙肝病毒融合抗原基因NS3-C定点整合入衣藻叶绿体基因组的研究

用ＰＣＲ 方法从丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ） ｃＤＮＡ 文库中克隆了两段ＤＮＡ 片段,即ＨＣＶ 基因组非结构ＮＳ３区抗原基因（约０．７ ｋｂ）和核心抗原Ｃ区抗原基因（约０．６ ｋｂ）的ｃＤＮＡ 片段。在两段ｃＤＮＡ 间加入连接肽Ｓｅｒ－ Ｐｒｏ－ Ｇｌｙ－ Ｓｅｒ 的密码子序列,构建成融合抗原基因ＮＳ３－ Ｃ。将该融合基因与衣藻叶绿体基因ａｔｐＡ 的启动子和ｒｂｃＬ 基因的３′末端连接,得到丙肝病毒融合抗原基因ＮＳ３－ Ｃ表达盒,再将该表达盒与选择标记基因ａａｄＡ 表达盒和衣藻叶绿体基因组同源片段连接,构建成衣藻叶绿体转化载体ｐＳＳ６。基因枪法转化衣藻叶绿体,经壮观霉素筛选获得转化再生的单藻落,对转基因衣藻的ＰＣＲ 和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交分析表明,融合抗原基因ＮＳ３－ Ｃ已整合到衣藻叶绿体基因组中。     

具有真细菌基因启动子活性的盐生盐杆菌质粒DNA片段

利用大肠杆菌启动子探测质粒ｐＫＫ２３２－８为载体、用两组限制性内切酶ＢａｍＨＩ－ＳａｌＩ和ＨｉｎｄⅢ－ＳａｌＩ分别消化盐生盐杆菌Ｊ７（Ｈａｌｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｈａｌｏｂｉｕｍ）的质粒ｐＨＨ２０５,在体外进行重组,转化Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＨＢ１０１感受态细胞,在含氨苄青霉素和氯霉素的选择平板上筛选转化子,并从随机挑选的２０株转化子中,获得抗氯霉素水平达到１１０μｇ／ｍｌ的转化子Ｔ１和Ｔ２,所含重组质粒分别被命名为ｐＪＨ和ｐＪＢ。经限制性酶切分析及杂交分析表明,ｐＪＨ质粒上插入了一段来源于ｐＨＨ２０５质粒的ＤＮＡ片段,其大小为８００ｂｐ左右。通过重新转化实验进一步表明,该ＤＮＡ片段在大肠杆菌中具有启动子功能,从而证明,在古细菌（盐生盐杆菌）的质粒ＤＮＡ中存在具有真细菌（大肠杆菌）基因启动子活性的ＤＮＡ片段。     

Bax基因cDNA的分子克隆研究

细胞编程死亡（ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｅｄｃｅｌｌｄｅａｔｈ）是细胞生理性死亡的一种主要形式。Ｂａｘ具有抑制细胞编程死亡的作用。本研究采用ＰＣＲ方法,从人肿瘤细胞ＨＬ—６０ｃＤＮＡ文库中扩增出若干个ｂａｘｃＤＮＡ片段,然后将它们分别与ＰＧＥＭ—Ｔ测序质粒载体连接,并转化到大肠杆菌ＪＭ１０９中去。用蓝／白法筛选重组菌落,经酶切分析及ＰＣＲ鉴定,获得了插入片段大小约为０．４ｋｂ及１．１ｋｂ的ＢａｘｃＤＮＡ重组质粒ＰＢａｘｌ和ｐＢａｘ２。这些片段的测序及表达工作正在进行之中。     

中国野生葡萄葛蘲叶绿体DNA质粒文库的构建

限制性内切酶ＢａｍＨＩ水解中国野生葡萄葛（ＶｉｔｉｓｆｌｅｘｕｏｓａＴｈｕｎｂ）的叶绿体ＤＮＡ（ｃｐＤＮＡ）,电泳分离为３４条带,最大为１１．７ｋｂ,最小为０．２３ｋｂ,分别用ｐＵＣ和ｐＢＲ３２２质粒克隆所得片段,转化大肠杆菌,并从转化菌中提取质粒ＤＮＡ,经酶切电泳分析证明含有葛ｃｐＤＮＡ经ＢａｍＨＩ水解的不同片段,从而构建了葛ｃｐＤＮＡ的ＢａｍＨＩ质粒文库。     

BstNI同功酶限制—修饰系统基因的表达检测和定位分析

鉴定了Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ ＨＢ１０１和ＪＭ１１０的部分遗传标记,作为受体菌分别用于ＢｓｔＮＩ同功酶限制－修饰系统中限制性内切酶（Ｒ）基因和甲基化酶（Ｍ）基因表达的检测。用外切酶Ⅲ单向删切含Ｒ－Ｍ基因的ＤＮＡ片段,获得２３个缺失突变亚克隆。通过检测各亚克隆表达的Ｒ酶和Ｍ酶活性,将Ｒ和Ｍ基因分别定位在距克隆位点ＰｓｔＩ和０．２→１．４ｋｂ和１．５→３．３ｋｂ范围内。分析表明：该系统属于Ⅱ类限制－修饰系统,两     

枯草杆菌启动子—信号肽序列的克隆及序列分析

利用含红霉素抗生基因和缺启动子－信号肽序列的氨苄青霉素抗性基因的双功能质粒ｐＧＰＢ１４为探针载体,克隆了枯草杆菌的启动子－信号肽序列并对克隆的片段进行序列分析。枯草杆菌染色体ＤＮＡ经Ｓａｕ３Ａ酶解后与ＢａｎＨＩ酶切的质粒ｐＧＰＢ１４连接,转化大肠杆菌Ｃ６００,筛选抗氨苄青霉素及抗红霉素的转化子,从双抗性转化子中提取重组质粒并经酶切分析,显示克隆的ＤＮＡ片段在０．２７－１．５ｋｂ之间。用Ｓａｎｇｅｒ     

中国野生葡萄葛lei叶绿体DNA质粒文库的构建

限制性内切酶ＢａｍＨＩ水解中国野生葡萄葛ｌｅｉ的叶绿体ＤＮＡ（ｃｐＤＮＡ）,电泳分离为３４条带,最大为１１．７ｋｂ,最小为０．２３ｋｂ,分别为ｐＵＣ和ｐＢＲ３２２质粒克隆所得片段,转化大肠杆菌,并从转化菌中提取质粒ＤＮＡ,经酶切电泳分析证明含有葛ｌｅｉ ｃｐＤＮＡ经ＢａｍＨＩ水解的不同片段,从而构建了葛ｌｅｉ ｃｐＤＮＡ的ＢａｍＨＩ质粒文库。     

苜蓿中华根瘤菌与耐盐有关DNA片段的亚克隆和测序分析

将苜蓿中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti)042B与耐盐有关的4kb ClaⅠ DNA片段克隆在pML122上,用HindⅢ酶切下其2.4kb DNA片段,回收后与pBBR1\|MCS2连接,然后转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)DH5α,筛选到转化子GS2〖DK〗。将残留在pML122上16kb ClaⅠ\|HindⅢ DNA片段连同质粒一起回收,让其自连,转化大肠杆菌S17-1,得到转化子GS0。以GS0为供体,042B的盐敏感突变株GZ17为受体,进行二亲本杂交,没有得到接合子。以GS2为供体,GZ17为受体,在辅助质粒pRK2013的协助下,进行三亲本杂交,筛选到接合子GG2,获得2.4kb HindⅢ与耐盐有关的DNA片段。将此片段连接到测序载体pGEM\|7Zf(+)上进行测序。测序结果表明,该24kb HindⅢ DNA片段含有3个开放阅读框(ORF)。在此基础上再一次亚克隆,获得19kb与耐盐有关的DNA片段。     

苜蓿中华根瘤菌与耐盐有关的DNA片段的克隆

以耐盐的苜蓿中华根瘤菌(\%Sinorhizobium meliloti) \%042B为材料,制备其总DNA,经过限制性内切酶\%Eco\%RⅠ的部分酶解,利用电洗脱方法回收15～25kb大小的DNA片段。以碱法制备载体质粒pLAFRⅠ,用\%Eco\%RⅠ将其切成线状,然后用T\-4DNA连接酶将回收片段与线状载体连接,利用包装蛋白进行包装后,感染大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)S17\|1,构建了042B的基因文库。以固体亚硝基胍作为诱变剂处理出发菌株,在05mol/LNaCl的条件下,从2000个菌落中筛选得到12株042B的盐敏感突变株,以其中稳定的盐敏突变株GZ17为受体菌,利用两亲本杂交将含有042B的DNA片段的pLAFRⅠ重组质粒转移到GZ17中,在含有四环素和05mol/LNaCl的基本培养基上筛选出能够耐盐的阳性克隆,获得了与耐盐有关的7kb长的DNA片段。对该片段进行亚克隆,最终获得了4kb与耐盐有关的片段。     

Cloning and expression of a Saccharomyces diastaticus glucoamylase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

A recombinant plasmid pool of the Saccharomyces diastaticus genome was constructed in plasmid YEp13 and used to transform a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Six transformants were obtained which expressed amylolytic activity. The plasmids each contained a 3.9-kilobase (kb) BamHI fragment, and all of these fragments were cloned in the same orientations and had identical restriction maps, which differed from the map of the STA1 gene (I. Yamashita and S. Fukui, Agric. Biol. Chem. 47:2689-2692, 1983). The glucoamylase activity exhibited by all S. cerevisiae transformants was approximately 100 times less than that of the donor strain. An even lower level of activity was obtained when the recombinant plasmid was introduced into Schizosaccharomyces pombe. No expression was observed in Escherichia coli. The 3.9-kb BamHI fragment hybridized to two sequences (4.4 and 3.9 kb) in BamHI-digested S. diastaticus DNA, regardless of which DEX (STA) gene S. diastaticus contained, and one sequence (3.9 kb) in BamHI-digested S. cerevisiae DNA. Tetrad analysis of crosses involving untransformed S. cerevisiae and S. diastaticus indicated that the 4.4-kb homologous sequence cosegregated with the glucoamylase activity, whereas the 3.9-kb fragment was present in each of the meiotic products. Poly(A)+ RNA fractions from vegetative and sporulating diploid cultures of S. cerevisiae and S. diastaticus were probed with the 3.9-kb BamHI fragment. Two RNA species, measuring 2.1 and 1.5 kb, were found in both the vegetative and sporulating cultures of S. diastaticus, whereas one 1.5-kb species was present only in the RNA from sporulating cultures of S. cerevisiae.     

扣囊拟内孢霉α-淀粉酶基因的克隆和在酿酒酵母中表达

以穿梭质粒pCN60为载体,大肠杆菌C600为受体构建了扣囊拟内孢霉(Endomycopsis fibuligera)G45 Sau 3A基因文库。从基因文库中提取重组质粒DNA并转化酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)BJ1991,选出四个具有o-淀粉酶活性的转化子,琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果证实插入的DNA片段为9.0kb。对插入DNA片段亚克隆,确定。-淀粉酶基因位于PstI-Sall 3.9kb片段上,启动子位于PstI-EcoRI 的1.3kb片段上。用亚克隆PGK11.9kb片段置换。-淀粉酶启动子区,其转化子的e-淀粉酶活性有明显提高。     

Molecular cloning of a tetracycline-resistance determinant from Bacillus subtilis chromosomal DNA and its expression in Escherichia coli and B. subtilis

Bacillus subtilis GSY908 DNA fragments (5.1 and 4.4 kilobase pairs (kb)) containing a tetracycline-resistance determinant were cloned in Escherichia coli using a shuttle plasmid vector pLS353. Restriction endonucelase analysis showed that the 4.4 kb fragment is a spontaneous deletion derivative of the 5.1 kb fragment. E. coli tetracycline-resistance transformants carrying pLS353 with the 5.1 kb fragment (named pTBS1) and that with 4.4 kb fragment (pTBS1.1) could grow at tetracycline concentrations up to 80 and 50 micrograms per ml, respectively. B. subtilis MI112 and RM125 were transformed by pTBS1, resulting in isolation of transformants of MI112 maintaining pTBS1 and RM125 maintaining either pTBS1 or pTBS1.1. Maximum tetracycline concentrations permitting growth of plasmidless MI112 and MI112 with pTBS1 were 4 and 10 micrograms per ml, respectively, while those of plasmidless RM125, RM125 with pTBS1 and RM125 with pTBS1.1 were 7, 50 and 80 micrograms per ml, respectively. It was interesting to note that the tetracycline-resistance level in E. coli conferred by the 5.1 kb fragment is higher than that conferred by the 4.4 kb fragment, but in B. subtilis the 4.4 kb fragment, in contrast, confers a higher level of tetracycline resistance. The level of tetracycline resistance in B. subtilis conferred by the cloned determinant clearly depends on the host strain. The tetracycline resistance conferred by the cloned determinant was associated with decreased accumulation of the drug into the cells. However, it was constitutive in E. coli, but inducible in B. subtilis. The cloned tetracycline-resistance determinant was detected specifically on the chromosome of B. subtilis Marburg 168 derivatives.     

黑曲霉pepB基因缺失菌株的构建及其功能分析

以黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)GICC2773基因组DNA为模板,用PCR方法分别扩增pepB基因中的上游约1．4kb和下游约1．3kb两段DNA序列,将此两段序列按同一方向分别插入质粒pMW1中潮霉素抗性基因(hph)表达单元的5′和3′端,构建成重组质粒pMW1-pepB,用于通过同源重组靶向破坏基因组中的pepB基因。同源重组则采用原生质体-PEG方法,将酶切pMW1-pepB得到的线性片段转化A．niger GICC2773菌株,通过潮霉素选择平板得到62个Hgy抗性转化子,然后采用PCR方法从这些抗性转化子中筛选到1个由于同源重组产生的pepB基因缺失突变菌株pepB29。功能分析显示该突变株的酸性蛋白酶活性有明显下降,外源蛋白漆酶的分泌表达有所提高。     

Structure and function ofsawB, a gene involved in differentiation ofStreptomyces ansochromogenes

A partial DNA library of Streptomyces ansochromogenes 7100 was constructed by using plasmid plJ702 as vector and white mutant W19 as recipient. About 3 000 clones were obtained, two of which gave rise to the grey phenotype as wild type 7100. The plasmids were isolated from two transformants. The result indicated that the 5.2 kb and 5.8 kb DNA fragments were inserted into plJ702. The resulting recombinant plasmids were designated as pNL-1 and pNL-2 respectively. The 1.25 kb Pstl l-Apa l DNA fragment from pNL-1 was recognized as its complementarity to W19 strain. The nucleotide sequence of the 3.0 kb Pst I DNA fragment including 1.25 kb was determined and analyzed. The result indicated that this DNA fragment contains one complete open reading frame (ORF1) which encodes a protein with 295 amino acid residues, and this gene was designated as sawB. The deduced protein has 81% amino acid identities in comparison with that encoded by whiH in Streptomyces coelicolor. The function of sawB gene was studied by usi     

Molecular cloning of a new endoglucanase gene from Clostridium cellulolyticum and its expression in Escherichia coli

Summary Two genes coding for endoglucanase activity in Clostridium cellulolyticum were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli by using plasmid pUC18. The sizes of two fragments harbouring endoglucanase genes are 4.4 kb and 2.0 kb, respectively. The 2.0-kb fragment was identical with a reported DNA fragment encoding an endoglucanase of C. cellulolyticum. The 4.4-kb fragment was obtained first in this study. Deletion analysis showed that a 1.3-kb portion of the 4.4-kb fragment is necessary for the endoglucanase expression by its own promoter. The 4.4-kb fragment hybridized with several different fragments of the genomic DNA in C. cellulolyticum.Offprint requests to: T. Kodama     

Cloning and characterization of genes coding for ribosomal RNA inCampylobacter jejuni

The DNA fragments coding for ribosomal RNA inCampylobacter jejuni have been cloned from a genomic library ofC. jejuni constructed inEscherichia coli. Clones carrying DNA Sequences for rRNA were identified by hybridization of 5-end-labeled rRNA fromC. jejuni to colony blots of transformants from this gene library. Cloned DNA sequences homologous to each of 5S, 16S, and 23S rRNA were idenfified by hybridization of labeled plasmid DNA to Northern blots of rRNA. The gene coding for 23S rRNA was found to be located on a 5.5kb HindIII fragment, while the 5S and 16S rRNA genes were on HindIII fragments of 1.65 and 1.7 kb, respecitively. The DNA fragment containing the 16S rRNA gene was characterized by restriction endonuclease mapping, and the location of the 16S rRNA gene on this fragment was determined by hybridization of 5-end-labeled rRNA to restriction fragments and also by DNA sequence determination. It appears that the major portion of the coding region for 16S rRNA is located on the 1.7-kb HindIII fragment, while a small portion is carried on an adjacent HindIII fragment of 7.5 kb. Cloned rRNA genes fromC. jejuni were used to study the organization of the rDNA inC. jejuni and other members of the genùsCampylobacter.     

林可链霉菌黑色素生物合成基因的克隆与表达

以pIJ702的melCl－C2基因为探针杂交林可链霉菌（Streptomyceslincolnensis）78－11染色体DNA,呈现出3．2kb的BamHI片段和2．6kb的SphI片段等一系列阳性条带。构建了含3．0～3．5kbBamHI片段的林可链霉菌78-11基因文库,从中分离克隆了黑色素生物合成基因melCl和melC2,并测定了含有mel基因的重组子pRSB336插入片段的全部DNA顺序。3152bpBamHI片段含有5个开放阅读框架,其中melCl和melC2与链霉菌属三个种的相应基因具有较高的同源性。此外,林可链霉菌78－11的melC2基因产物与人和鼠的酪氨酸酶轻微同源,分别为17．3％和24．5％。种种迹象表明,melCl、melC2和orf3组成黑色素生物合成操纵子结构。为了进一步鉴定上述克隆的林可链霉菌78-11黑色素生物合成基因,构建了分别含有新霉素抗性基因启动子和正反方向mel基因的重组质粒pPZ518和pPZ519,并转化变铅青链霉菌TK23。随机挑选的12个pPZ518转化子在R2YE培养基上均能分泌淡褐色色素,而所有的pPZ519和pES1转化子则都呈白色。