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1.
苯丙烷代谢途径是植物中最重要的次生代谢途径之一,在植物抵抗重金属胁迫中直接或间接发挥了抗氧化作用,并能够提高植物对重金属离子的吸收与胁迫耐性。本文就苯丙烷代谢途径核心反应与关键酶系进行了总结,同时分析了木质素、类黄酮及原花青素等关键代谢产物的生物合成过程及相关机制,并以此为基础探讨了苯丙烷代谢途径关键产物响应重金属胁迫的相关机制。此外,结合当前研究现状,就苯丙烷代谢参与植物防御重金属胁迫的相关研究提出展望,以期为重金属污染环境的植物修复提供理论依据。  相似文献   

2.
提高植物培养细胞中次级代谢产物含量的途径   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用植物细胞培养的方法可以取代人工栽培、天然采集或人工合成的方法大量生产很多具有价值的产物(如药品、农药、香料、色素及食品添加剂等)。目前,利用紫草(Lithospermum erythrochizon)培养细胞生产紫草素,利用人参(Panax ginseng)根培养物生产食品添加剂等已进入商业市场。另外,利用黄连(Coptisjaponica)培养细胞生产小蘗碱、利用长春花(Catharathus roseus)培养细胞生产蛇根碱及阿吗碱和利用毛地黄(Digitalis lanata)培养细胞生产地高辛等亦都进行了工业化生产。尽管这样,由于植物培养细胞亦存在着一些缺点如很多培养物中代谢物含量很低或不存在,生长速度缓慢加上目前发酵成本过高、很多关键性问题未解决等等,使之未能广泛地应用于工业化生产。近年来,为了解决上述诸问题特别是解决培养物中代谢物含量低的问题,各国科研人员进行了不懈的努力,取得了长足的进展。本文着重对这方面近年来采用的新方法及新技术的研究作一概述。  相似文献   

3.
以“红星”苹果果实为试材,采用0.5 mmol/L的NO供体硝普钠(SNP)溶液浸泡人工损伤的苹果5 min,考察SNP处理后愈伤期间果实失重率和病情指数,分析伤口处苯丙烷代谢关键酶活性和产物含量,以及H2O2含量和过氧化物酶活性,并探讨其相关生理机制,为苹果果实采后快速愈伤提供方法及理论依据。结果表明:(1)SNP处理显著降低了愈伤期间损伤苹果果实的失重率和扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)损伤接种果实的病情指数,处理果实的失重率和病情指数于处理第5天时较对照分别显著降低40.2%和31.4%。(2)SNP处理显著提高了果实伤口处苯丙烷代谢关键酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶和肉桂醇脱氢酶的活性,并提高了肉桂酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、芥子酸、总酚、类黄酮、p-香豆醇、松柏醇、芥子醇及木质素的含量水平;SNP处理显著提高了果实伤口处的H2O2含量以及POD活性。研究发现,NO可通过激活苹果果实伤口处苯丙烷代谢,提高H2O2含量以及POD活性...  相似文献   

4.
为探究盐胁迫条件下宁夏枸杞苯丙烷代谢相关基因差异表达规律,以不同浓度NaCl(0,100,200,300 mmol/L)处理的水培宁夏枸杞幼苗为研究材料,利用高通量测序技术和qRT-PCR对盐胁迫下宁夏枸杞苯丙烷代谢相关基因差异表达进行分析,同时对该途径中关键酶活性及产物含量进行测定。结果表明,(1)宁夏枸杞在不同浓度NaCl处理下共有58个苯丙烷代谢相关基因差异表达,且随着盐胁迫程度的增加大部分基因表达水平上调或不变;(2)随着NaCl浓度的增加,宁夏枸杞叶片抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT的活性均下降,而酚类物质、类黄酮和木质素的含量在100 mmol/L NaCl处理下均显著积累。研究发现,宁夏枸杞可能通过调控苯丙烷代谢相关基因上调表达,增加酚类物质、类黄酮和木质素的合成,来清除过多活性氧和提升细胞壁强度以适应盐胁迫;宁夏枸杞可耐受的NaCl浓度在100~200 mmol/L之间。  相似文献   

5.
转基因植物外源基因逃逸的途径   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
随着转基因植物商品化进程的加快,对其进行生态风险性评价也日益引起许多学者和科学家的重视,人们对转基因逃逸到其它亲缘物种中能否产生超级杂草,昆虫是否会产生耐受性及转基因植物对生物多样性的影响等问题进行了广泛的研究,本文对转基因植物外中源基因逃逸的几种主要途径作了综述,并对研究方法与手段进行了简要讨论,希望能为有关决策和科研部门提供一些思路。  相似文献   

6.
苯丙烷途径是植物次生代谢产物合成的重要途径之一,可合成木质素、类黄酮和芥子酰基苹果酸类等化合物。该途径所产生的化合物不仅影响植物的生长发育及胁迫反应,还能用于生产香料、农药、染料、医药、饲料和生物质能源等。植物中的R2R3-MYB蛋白在植物次生代谢调节、器官发育和应对环境胁迫反应等方面均发挥重要的生物学功能。小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)是重要的粮食作物,在生产粮食的同时会产生大量秸秆等生物质;因此,研究小麦R2R3-MYB类转录因子在植物苯丙烷途径中的功能及调控机制对有效利用小麦秸秆具有重要意义。RT-PCR分析表明,TaMYB1A在小麦孕穗期的茎中表达水平较高;GFP-TaMYB1A融合蛋白在烟草表皮细胞中主要定位于细胞核;TaMYB1A在酵母系统中具有转录抑制活性。本研究以过表达TaMYB1A的转基因拟南芥株系为材料,分析了TaMYB1A对木质素积累/合成以及类黄酮化合物合成的影响。结果表明,过表达TaMYB1A抑制转基因拟南芥株系的株高(P < 0.05),并显著降低了转基因拟南芥株系中木质素(P < 0.05)和类黄酮(P < 0.05)的合成。酵母单杂交结果显示,TaMYB1A能结合于拟南芥At4CL1、AtC4H、AtC3H和 AtCHS以及小麦Ta4CL1和 TaC4H1的启动子区;双荧光素酶报告系统显示,TaMYB1A抑制拟南芥中上述4个基因的表达;遗传学分析表明,TaMYB1A抑制小麦Ta4CL1和 TaC4H1的表达;基因芯片和qRT-PCR结果表明,过量表达TaMYB1A抑制了转基因拟南芥苯丙烷途径中多数基因的表达;且转基因株系中4CL酶活性显著下降(P < 0.05)。综上所述,小麦TaMYB1A属于R2R3型第四亚组MYB转录因子,通过与拟南芥和小麦苯丙烷途径关键基因的启动子结合并抑制相关基因的表达,从而负调控苯丙烷代谢途径及转基因株系的株高。  相似文献   

7.
为揭示苯丙烷代谢途径参与梭鱼草防御重金属胁迫的作用机制,分析镉(Cd)胁迫下梭鱼草叶片转录组序列,将其与NR、NT、PFAM、KOG、Swiss Prot、KEGG和GO公共数据库进行比对注释,并对差异表达基因进行趋势化分析,同时从中挖掘与苯丙烷代谢途径相关的差异表达基因。结果表明:(1)共获得221 392个unigenes,其中170 175个unigenes被注释到数据库,6 506个unigenes被注释到31条次生代谢通路;(2)将梭鱼草叶片unigenes与Swiss-Prot和Nr数据库进行比对,共得到168 355条CDS序列,Estscan软件预测得到84 673条序列;(3)对检测到的20 025个差异表达基因进行趋势分析,发现有3个显著的基因表达模式,包括2个下调表达模式(Cluster 0:2 631个基因,Cluster 1:3 153个基因)和1个上调表达模式(Cluster 5:3 733个基因);(4)进一步挖掘转录组数据发现,在6_0 h和48_0 h组中,梭鱼草叶片中共有26个差异表达的基因被鉴定出来,分别编码3个苯丙烷代谢公共途径关键酶,5个木质素...  相似文献   

8.
近来有关放线菌次线产物生物合成的分子遗传学和生物化学方面的进展为我们改造其代谢途径提供了一个明确的方向。近年来,对微生物的初级代谢途径进行基因改造取得了成功,但放线菌的次级代谢工程产物却都没有达到中试或生产规模。  相似文献   

9.
植物细胞次级代谢产物生产条件的调控   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
概述了培养基成分,供氧情况,诱导子,PH值和生物反应器的类型对植物细胞次生代谢物的产量及质量的影响。介绍了此研究领域的发展趋势及存在问题。  相似文献   

10.
研究植物根系分泌物的方法   总被引:20,自引:1,他引:20  
文章对植物根系分泌物的定义、组成、分类、影响因素和分泌部位,根系分泌物的收集、分离及鉴定方法进行了概述,并对此问题的今后研究方向作了展望。  相似文献   

11.
药用植物是中药的原料,是中药产业的源头,其生长发育受遗传和环境等诸多因素的影响。以往研究强调植物基因型及生态因子对药用植物产量和品质的影响。近几年,随着人类微生物组研究的推进,植物微生物组作为植物整体的重要组成部分在药用植物的生长发育、品质形成甚至药效等方面的作用也日益受到重视,有关植物微生物组的多样性,微生物组在植物生长发育中的作用已有较详细的综述,而有关药用植物微生物组及其与药用植物次生代谢产物间关系的综述较少。本文重点总结了自2010年以来药用植物微生物组的研究进展,包括药用植物微生物组物种组成、功能及其与药用植物次生代谢产物产生的关系等,并对其在药用植物提质增效及其生态种植中的潜在应用进行了展望。  相似文献   

12.
红景天苷是红景天属植物的主要活性成分之一,研究红景天苷的高效合成具有重要的科研和应用价值。本文全面概述近年来合成红景天苷的研究状况,主要包括生物合成途径、化学合成途径、生物催化合成途径。对生物合成途径中红景天苷的代谢合成途径、关键酶及基因、实践现状进行了分析;总结了以Koenigs-Knorr法为理论基础的化学合成的研究进展;对具有广泛发展前景的体外生物催化合成状况进行了理论与实践的概述。通过对这些合成方法的展望,为人们了解合成红景天苷的研究现状、进一步深入研究提供参考。  相似文献   

13.
    
Cultured cells of Eschscholzia californica respond to a yeast glycoprotein elicitor by producing benzophenanthridine alkaloids, which are excreted into the cell wall and the outer medium. These compounds, preferentially sanguinarine, are efficient phytoalexins because of their ability to intercalate double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), penetrate membranes and inhibit various enzymes containing SH-groups. Externally added sanguinarine is rapidly taken up by intact cells and converted to dihydrosanguinarine, which is substituted intracellularly according to the biosynthetic route. A 29.5 kDa soluble enzyme that catalyses the reduction of sanguinarine and chelerythrine by either NADPH or NADH has been isolated and purified to homogeneity. Benzophenanthridines that accumulate in the outer medium, mainly 10-OH-chelerythrine, chelirubine and macarpine, are converted by the isolated enzyme and by intact cells at much slower rates than sanguinarine. The cellular capacity of uptake and conversion of sanguinarine largely surpasses the rate of alkaloid production. We conclude that the sanguinarine produced by intact cells, after excretion and binding to cell wall elements, is rapidly reabsorbed and reduced to the less toxic dihydrosanguinarine, which then undergoes further biosynthetic reactions. This recycling process would allow the presence of the toxic phytoalexin at the cellular surface without taking the risk of injuring the producing cell.  相似文献   

14.
药用植物次生代谢的生物学作用及生态环境因子的影响   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
药用植物的很多有效成分为植物的次生代谢产物,包括生物碱、萜类、酚类、甙类等。这些次生代谢产物在植物的生理调节、自身保护、生存竞争、协调与环境关系等生命活动的许多方面均起着重要作用。各种生态环境因素包括光、温度、土壤、空气以及生物因素均影响到药用植物的次生代谢过程。对药用植物次生代谢成分与生态环境因素的关系进行研究有利于揭示药用植物药用有效成分地域性差异的原因,可为药用植物的育种、栽培提供理论依据。  相似文献   

15.
Roitsch  T.  Sinha  A.K. 《Photosynthetica》2002,40(4):481-492
Whereas most plant suspension cultures are grown heterotrophically in the presence of sugars, a limited number of photoautotrophic cultures have been established which are able to grow with CO2 as the sole carbon source. Photoautotrophic cultures are useful to address various aspects of photosynthesis, source-sink regulation, nitrogen metabolism, production of secondary metabolites, and defence responses. The homogenous populations of these cultures provide an ideal and sensitive system to obtain reproducible results. The availability of an increasing number of photoautotrophic cultures from different economically important species provides the basis also for practical applications.  相似文献   

16.
韩俊杰  宝丽  刘宏伟 《菌物学报》2015,34(5):900-913
药用真菌作为我国传统中医药体系的重要组成部分,有着悠久的历史。它们能够产生丰富的活性次级代谢产物,具有神经保护、抗肿瘤、降血脂等诸多药效。然而,目前对大部分药用真菌次级代谢产物的化学和生物学研究较少。本课题组主要以抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗菌以及抗病毒等生物活性为指导,选择重要药用真菌进行化学研究,构建我国特色药用真菌代谢产物库。文章主要介绍近4年我们在这方面的研究进展。  相似文献   

17.
    
Medicinal plants, a source of different phytochemical compounds, are now subjected to a variety of environmental stresses during their growth and development. Different ecologically limiting factors including temperature, carbon dioxide, lighting, ozone, soil water, soil salinity and soil fertility has significant impact on medicinal plants′ physiological and biochemical responses, as well as the secondary metabolic process. Secondary metabolites (SMs) are useful for assessing the quality of therapeutic ingredients and nowadays, these are used as important natural derived drugs such as immune suppressant, antibiotics, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer. Plants have the ability to synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites to cope with the negative effects of stress. Here, we focus on how individual environmental variables influence the accumulation of plant secondary metabolites. A total of 48 articles were found to be relevant to the review topic during our systematic review. The review showed the influence of different environmental variables on SMs production and accumulation is complex suggesting the relationship are not only species-specific but also related to increases and decline in SMs by up to 50 %. Therefore, this review improves our understanding of plant SMs ability to adapt to key environmental factors. This can aid in the efficient and long-term optimization of cultivation techniques under ambient environmental conditions in order to maximize the quality and quantity of SMs in plants.  相似文献   

18.
19.
    
Plant trichomes vary in their structure and cellular composition. Glandular trichomes contain a bulk of specific (secondary) metabolites of diverse nature. Trichomes are connected with various adaptive processes, which includeprotection against herbivores and pathogens as well. Our study investigates theallelopathic contribution of structures present on the leaf surface of Nicotianaplumbaginifolia Viv. against seedling growth of Cicer arietinum L. The infusionobtained after dipping Nicotiana leaves in Dichloromethane (DCM) for 10 seconds (s) was the most phytotoxic among all the infusions. The observed inhibitionin Cicer growth was not only dependent on type of infusion but also the concentration. Scanning electron microscopy of the leaf samples showed the modifications in trichomes under the influence of the different concentration of DCM.Glandular trichomes were most dehydrated at 10 seconds in DCM, suggestingtheir role for the observed allelopathy. Such study on the biochemistry of trichomes and their phytotoxicity may develop highly valuable objects for plantmetabolic engineering.  相似文献   

20.
The Dothideomycetes represents a large and diverse array of fungi in which prominent plant pathogens are over‐represented. Species within the Cochliobolus, Alternaria, Pyrenophora and Mycosphaerella (amongst others) all cause diseases that threaten food security in many parts of the world. Significant progress has been made over the past decade in understanding how some of these pathogens cause disease at a molecular level. It is reasonable to suggest that much of this progress can be attributed to the increased availability of genome sequences. However, together with revealing mechanisms of pathogenicity, these genome sequences have also highlighted the capacity of the Dothideomycetes to produce an extensive array of secondary metabolites, far greater than originally thought. Indeed, it is now clear that we appear to have only scratched the surface to date in terms of the identification of secondary metabolites produced by these fungi. In the first half of this review, we examine the current status of secondary metabolite research in the Dothideomycetes and highlight the diversity of the molecules discovered thus far, in terms of both structure and biological activity. In the second part of this review, we survey the emerging techniques and technologies that will be required to shed light on the vast array of secondary metabolite potential that is encoded within these genomes. Experimental design, analytical chemistry and synthetic biology are all discussed in the context of how they will contribute to this field.  相似文献   

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