干旱胁迫下华北驼绒藜种子大小及苞片对萌发和幼苗生长的影响

干旱是影响荒漠区植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的关键因素。以多年生强旱生半灌木华北驼绒藜为对象,研究了不同干旱程度(0、100、200、300和400 g·L^-1 PEG6000)下,种子大小及苞片有无对种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明: 干旱胁迫显著抑制了种子萌发和幼苗地上部的生长。100和200 g·L^-1 PEG6000处理显著增加了幼苗根长,而300和400 g·L^-1 PEG6000处理显著降低了幼苗根长。与无苞片相比,有苞片使种子的发芽率显著降低12%,发芽指数显著降低50.5%,幼苗的地上部长度显著增加20.8%,幼苗根长显著增加6.3%。种子大小对种子发芽指数无显著影响,但与小种子相比,大种子发芽率显著提高3%,幼苗的地上部长度显著增加20.5%,幼苗根长显著增加33.0%。在干旱条件下,苞片能延缓种子的萌发速度,种子大小能影响后代的存活几率,二者共同影响华北驼绒藜对极端干旱环境的适应性。     

赤霉素、钙和甜菜碱对小桐子种子萌发及幼苗抗低温和干旱的影响

小桐子(Jatropha curcas L.)属大戟科( Euphorbiaceae)麻疯树属(Jatropha L.)的能源植物。分别以小桐子种子和幼苗为实验材料,研究了不同浓度的赤霉素和CaCl₂单独处理,以及不同浓度的赤霉素、CaCl₂和甜菜碱组合处理对小桐子种子萌发及幼苗抗低温和干旱的影响。结果表明:分别用10 mg/L赤霉素和10 mmol/L CaCl₂处理小桐子种子,不仅可以提高其在正常萌发条件(26℃)、低温(18℃)和干旱胁迫(5% PEG6000)下的发芽率,还可缓解小桐子幼苗在低温(2℃)或干旱胁迫(25% PEG6000)下电解质渗漏率的增加和丙二醛(MDA)的积累。用10 mg/L赤霉素、5 mmol/L CaCl₂和15 mmol/L甜菜碱组合处理小桐子种子,也可进一步增强其在正常萌发(26℃)、低温(18℃)和干旱胁迫(5% PEG6000)条件下种子的发芽率,以及缓解小桐子幼苗在低温(2℃)或干旱胁迫(25% PEG6000)下电解质渗漏率的增加和MDA的积累,表明10 mg/L赤霉素和10 mmol/L CaCl₂分别处理或10 mg/L赤霉素、5 mmol/L CaCl₂和10 mmol/L甜菜碱组合处理可提高小桐子种子在低温和干旱胁迫下的发芽率,以及提高小桐子幼苗对低温和干旱胁迫的抵抗能力。     

模拟干旱胁迫对巴东木莲种子萌发和芽苗生长的影响

巴东木莲原生种群天然更新差,林下鲜见更新幼苗或幼树。为探究其种子萌发和芽苗在生长期对干旱胁迫的耐受性,该文以巴东木莲种子为材料,采用不同质量浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,分析干旱胁迫对其种子萌发、芽苗生长及其相关的生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:(1)不同质量浓度的PEG溶液对巴东木莲种子萌发和芽苗生长产生显著影响(P0.05),萌发率和存活率随着PEG质量浓度的增加而逐渐降低,当PEG质量浓度≥301 g·L~(-1)时,种子萌发受到抑制,且萌发时间明显推迟。(2)随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,巴东木莲芽苗叶绿素含量逐渐降低;可溶性蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性表现出不同程度的先升高后降低趋势;而脯氨酸(Pro)和丙二醛(MDA)含量及过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化氢酶(APX)活性呈现逐渐升高的趋势。综上分析得出,巴东木莲种子萌发及芽苗的生长对水分需求明显,虽可通过渗透调节和提高保护性酶活性来适应一定程度的干旱胁迫,但在繁育过程中,需防止干旱损伤。该研究结果可为巴东木莲种子繁育更新提供理论依据,有助于巴东木莲种群的扩大。     

一氧化氮对水分胁迫下玉米种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

以0.4mol/L的甘露醇(M)模拟水分胁迫状况,研究了外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)对水分胁迫下玉米种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明:(1)水分胁迫下,玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长受到抑制,叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、质膜相对透性、脯氨酸含量均显著增加;(2)SNP能显著提高水分胁迫下玉米种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数,增加玉米幼苗的根长、茎长、根重和整株干重,抑制水分胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片MDA含量的上升,降低叶片质膜相对透性,降低脯氨酸含量。其中以100μmol/L和200μmol/LSNP对水分胁迫的缓解效果最佳。     

外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸对干旱胁迫下甘草种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

以药用植物甘草种子和幼苗为材料,在20%PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫条件下,测定了不同浓度外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)处理甘草种子的发芽势(Gv)、发芽率(Gr)、发芽指数(Gi)和活力指数(Vi)的变化,以及ALA处理幼苗叶片的质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果显示:(1)在20%PEG-6000胁迫下,甘草种子萌发受到显著抑制,而各项萌发指标经过不同浓度的ALA进行恢复处理后均有明显提高,且均以10 mg.L-1ALA处理的各项指标值最大,其种子发芽势(75%)、发芽率(91%)比干旱胁迫对照显著提高了35%和30%,发芽指数(36.2)和活力指数(709.7)分别提高至干旱胁迫的2.6和3.5倍。(2)各ALA处理较对照均显著提高了干旱胁迫下甘草幼苗总生物量、可溶性糖的含量及脯氨酸含量,却显著降低了甘草叶片的MDA含量和质膜透性,同时显著提高了干旱胁迫下甘草叶片中的SOD、POD和CAT的活性,且以10 mg.L-1ALA处理后的酶活性最强。研究表明,适宜浓度(10 mg.L-1)的ALA能显著提高干旱胁迫下甘草种子的萌发能力,通过调节渗透调节物质含量和保护酶活性来有效减缓干旱胁迫对甘草幼苗的伤害,提高甘草种子及幼苗的抗旱能力。     

模拟水分胁迫对不同种源麻楝种子萌发能力的影响

以麻楝6个种源种子为试验材料,用不同浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG)溶液模拟干旱胁迫,探讨干旱胁迫对种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数以及幼苗苗高和胚根长及根苗比的影响,为麻楝的引种和推广种植提供依据。结果显示:(1)不同水势胁迫处理均降低了麻楝种子的发芽率和发芽势,当水势为-0.40MPa时延缓了种子萌发进程;种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均随干旱胁迫强度的增加呈明显下降的趋势;当胁迫水势为-0.86MPa时,干旱胁迫处理的种子在试验结束时仍未能萌发,即-0.86MPa是麻楝种子萌发的临界水势。(2)当胁迫水势高于-0.40MPa时,麻楝幼苗的胚根长度与对照组差异不显著且长于对照组,说明高于-0.40MPa的水势有利于麻楝种子胚根的生长;麻楝幼苗苗高生长则是随着PEG浓度的升高而逐渐减缓。(3)适当的干旱胁迫可以增大各种源麻楝幼苗根苗比,且在胁迫水势高于-0.20MPa时都达到最大值。研究表明,麻楝种子具有一定的抗干旱胁迫的萌发能力,并以来自缅甸的Khin Aye Pale和泰国的Phu Wiang材料较强,来源于中国三亚和马来西亚Ulu Tranan的较弱。     

杉木种子与幼苗不同发育期的耐旱性研究

以广东杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)第二代改良种子园种子为试材,利用不同浓度聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)溶液(5%、10%、20%和40%)模拟不同程度(轻度、中度、较强、重度)干旱胁迫,并对不同干旱条件下的种子萌发、幼苗子叶期和真叶期不同发育阶段的形态变化进行测定分析。结果发现,杉木种子萌发初期对水分尤为敏感,耐旱性不强,尤其是随干旱程度的加剧,种子起始萌发时间不断后延且发芽率显著降低。子叶后期的杉木幼苗较子叶前期耐旱,真叶期的杉木幼苗对轻度和中度干旱胁迫具有较强的耐受性。     

外源CO和NO对水稻种子萌发过程中干旱胁迫损伤的缓解效应

选用水稻品种‘Ⅱ优128’种子为材料,以1.0μmol.L-1高铁血红素(Hematin,H)和200μmol.L-1硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)分别作为CO和NO供体,采用PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,研究外源CO和NO对干旱胁迫下水稻种子萌发和萌发过程中抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:高铁血红素和硝普钠处理可以显著提高干旱胁迫下水稻种子的发芽率、芽长和根长;同时显著提高种子淀粉酶活性,显著增加其可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量;还不同程度地诱导增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,同时降低质膜相对透性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。研究证实,外源CO和NO可通过调节渗透调节物质含量和保护酶活性来有效缓解干旱胁迫对萌发水稻种子造成的氧化伤害,促进种子萌发生长。     

干旱胁迫与不同储藏时间对杠柳种子萌发的影响

为了阐明干旱胁迫与不同储藏时间对杠柳种子萌发的影响机理,在室内采用不同浓度的聚乙二醇（PEG）模拟干旱胁迫条件,对3种不同储藏时间的杠柳种子进行了萌发期对比试验,观测了种子的总萌发率、发芽势、活力指数和胚根的生长情况,分析了抗旱特性,结果表明：不同程度的干旱胁迫与储藏时间对杠柳种子萌发均有一定的影响,当PEG-6000浓度为5%,对储藏1年杠柳种子的萌芽率和发芽势起促进作用,对储藏2年种子萌芽率轻度抑制,对储藏3年种子抑制影响较大,当PEG-6000浓度>5%,3种种子的萌芽率和发芽势均呈下降趋势,但当胁迫浓度增大到25%时,种子基本没有萌发。在不同的水分胁迫处理中,3种种子的活力指数和胚根生长速度一直呈下降趋势,尤其3年种子的下降幅度最大。不同储藏时间杠柳种子对干旱胁迫的适应性有差异,储藏1~2年的杠柳种子在PEG-6000浓度为5%~15%中萌发效果较好,且储藏1年种子好于2年种子,3年种子较差。3种种子的耐旱能力由强到弱依次为：1年种子>2年种子>3年种子。     

干旱胁迫对远志种子萌发及幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

以远志(Polygala tenuifolia Willd.)为研究对象,采用不同浓度(2.5%~25%)聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟不同程度的干旱胁迫,探讨干旱胁迫对远志种子萌发及幼苗生理生化特性的影响。结果表明:(1)随着干旱胁迫强度的增加,远志种子的发芽启动时间推迟,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数降低,但种子发芽率在2.5%~15%PEG胁迫下与对照无显著性差异,而在20%PEG胁迫下均显著低于对照,在25%PEG胁迫下种子不能萌发;在干旱胁迫条件下,远志幼苗生物量降低,胚芽生长受到显著抑制,胚根长度则先伸长后缩短。(2)远志幼苗叶绿素含量在2.5%~10%PEG范围内随胁迫强度的增加和时间的延长而持续上升,在15%和20%PEG胁迫下则表现为先上升后下降,在10%PEG胁迫处理第15天时含量最高,为对照的1.34倍。(3)幼苗叶片的游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量随PEG胁迫强度的增加和时间的延长而增加,各指标均在20%PEG胁迫处理第15天时含量最高,分别为对照的1.99倍、1.53倍和1.50倍。(4)随着PEG胁迫时间的延长,远志幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先上升后下降,并在10%PEG胁迫处理第10天时活性最强;过氧化物酶(POD)活性随着胁迫时间的延长表现出先上升后下降又上升的特性,并在20%PEG胁迫处理第5天时活性最强;叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量在15%和20%PEG胁迫处理下持续上升,在2.5%~10%PEG胁迫范围内先上升后又有所下降。研究发现,远志种子在轻、中度干旱胁迫下仍可正常萌发,而且幼苗能通过调节自身生长、渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性主动适应干旱环境,对干旱环境表现出较好的适应能力。     

干旱胁迫对鹿角杜鹃种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

为探明鹿角杜鹃种子萌发和幼苗生长期的耐旱性,以鹿角杜鹃干种子和90d苗龄幼苗为材料,采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟不同程度的干旱胁迫,研究干旱胁迫对其种子萌发、早期幼苗生长及幼苗的细胞膜透性、MDA含量、有机渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性的影响,并对种子萌发率、早期幼苗生长量与PEG胁迫浓度间进行了回归分析。结果表明:(1)5%~25%PEG胁迫范围内,随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,鹿角杜鹃种子的发芽启动时间推迟,发芽持续时间延长,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗生长量显著降低;重度干旱胁迫(25%PEG)下,鹿角杜鹃种子完全未萌发。(2)发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数以及幼苗生长量的变化均与干旱胁迫程度呈极显著负相关关系,回归分析求得鹿角杜鹃种子萌发的半致死PEG干旱胁迫浓度为15.68%、半致矮PEG干旱胁迫浓度为15.37%。(3)随着PEG胁迫浓度的增加,鹿角杜鹃幼苗叶片SOD活性呈先升后降的趋势,但各胁迫处理仍显著高于CK(0%PEG);细胞膜透性、MDA、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量、POD和CAT活性则在中度(15%~20%PEG)和重度胁迫下显著升高,与干旱胁迫程度呈极显著正相关关系。研究表明,干旱胁迫显著抑制了鹿角杜鹃种子萌发和早期幼苗生长,使其细胞膜受到损伤,同时鹿角杜鹃可通过体内渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性的增加来适应干旱环境,使得自身受抑制、损伤程度降到最低。     

Drought resistance in rice seedlings conferred by seed priming

Seed priming is a method by which seeds are subjected to different stress conditions to impart stress adaptation in seedlings germinating and growing under stressful situations. Drought stress is a major reason behind failure of crops. We studied the effects of hydropriming, dehydration priming (induced by PEG), and osmopriming (induced by NaCl and KH₂PO₄) on subsequent germination, growth and anti-oxidant defense mechanisms of 2-week-old rice seedlings under continuing dehydration stress. Unprimed seeds grown in PEG showed significantly lower germination and growth along with significantly higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels. Among the priming methods, 5 % PEG priming was found to be the best in terms of germination and growth rate along with the lowest amount of ROS and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) values. MDA levels were reduced significantly by all of the priming methods. Hence, reduction of lipid peroxidation may be a key factor underlying the drought tolerance produced by the priming treatments. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity seemed to bear an excellent correlation with oxidative stress resistance through seed priming. The PEG priming produced minimum peroxidative damage and superior germination and growth rate along with efficient GPX activity, overexpressed MnSOD and maintenance of HSP70 expression in normal as well as in drought condition. Therefore, in PEG-primed seeds the existence of robust protective mechanisms is definitely indicated.     

Selenium (Se) Seed Priming Induced Growth and Biochemical Changes in Wheat Under Water Deficit Conditions

Insufficient stand establishment at early growth stages in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to drought stress is a major problem that limits overall efficiency and yield of crop. Priming of seed is an effective method for raising seed performance and improving tolerance of crops to abiotic stresses especially drought. The seeds of two local wheat cultivars (Kohistan-97 and Pasban-90) were soaked in distilled water or sodium selenate solutions of 25, 50, 75, and 100 μM for 1/2 or 1 h at 25 °C and later re-dried to their original moisture levels before sowing. One-hour priming significantly increased root length stress tolerance index, dry matter stress tolerance index, and total biomass of seedlings; however, no significant effect of changing duration of Se seed priming was observed on plant height stress tolerance index and shoot/root ratio. Among cultivars, Kohistan-97 was found to be more responsive to Se seed treatment as 1 h priming at 100 μM significantly increased its total biomass by 43 % as compared to control treatment. Although biomass of seedlings was not affected with Se seed priming under normal conditions, but it increased significantly with increase in rates of Se under drought stress conditions. One-hour priming at 75 μM increased the total sugar content and total free amino acids in both wheat cultivars. A more significant decrease in soluble proteins of seedlings was observed by 1 h priming than 1/2 h priming under drought stress conditions.     

Effects of drought stress on seed germination of ornamental sunflowers

The response to drought stress on germination was investigated on three hybrids of ornamental sunflower, ‘Hadar’, ‘Pazit’, and ‘Zohar’. Different levels of water potential [Ψ: 0.0 (control), ?0.15, ?0.30, ?0.45, ?0.60, ?0.75, and ?0.90 MPa] were adopted using polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG6000) at four germination temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C). Final germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index, germination rate index, and germination stress tolerance index were used to evaluate the genotype response to PEG-induced water stress. Shoot and root length and fresh and dry weight were measured on seeds germinated at 20 °C under the different levels of water potentials. During germination, the three ornamental sunflowers showed to be more sensitive to suboptimal temperature than to supraoptimal. Decreasing water potential of imbibition solution progressively inhibited and delayed seed germination. Among cultivars, ‘Hadar’ and ‘Pazit’ performed better at temperature lower than 30 °C. ‘Zohar’ showed a lower sensitivity to PEG-induced water stress at all temperature conditions. Water stress during seed germination depressed the following seedling growth under favourable conditions. As a result, shoot and root length and fresh and dry weight was significantly lower in seedlings from seed germinated at ψ ≤ 0.45 MPa.     

干旱胁迫下表观遗传机制对转C4型PEPC基因水稻种子萌发的影响

为探究干旱胁迫下表观遗传机制对高表达玉米(Zea mays) C₄型PEPC转基因水稻(Oryza sativa)种子萌发的影响, 以转C₄型PEPC水稻(PC)和野生型水稻Kitaake (WT)为试材, 采用10% (m/v)聚乙二醇6000 (PEG6000)模拟干旱条件, 通过单独和联合施用PEG6000、DNA甲基化抑制剂5-氮杂胞苷(5azaC)和可变剪接抑制剂大环内酯类(PB)进行种子发芽实验, 测定种子活力、萌发过程中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量、α-淀粉酶活性以及PEPC、糖信号相关基因和部分剪接因子基因的表达。结果表明, 0.25 µmol·L^-1PB处理对2种供试水稻在干旱条件下种子萌发均表现出显著抑制作用, 使干旱条件下种子萌发过程中可溶性总糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量以及可溶性蛋白含量均有所下降, PB也抑制糖信号-蔗糖非发酵1 (SNF1)相关蛋白激酶(SnRKs)家族和剪接因子丝氨酸/精氨酸富集蛋白家族(SR proteins)相关基因的表达以及α-淀粉酶的活性, 但对PC的抑制作用小于WT。5 µmol·L^-15azaC处理对干旱条件下种子萌发的效果与可变剪接抑制剂相反。5 µmol·L ^-1 5azaC联合PEG6000干旱处理部分减缓了干旱对水稻种子发芽率的抑制作用, 使供试材料发芽率升高, 表明DNA甲基化和可变剪接机制参与了水稻芽期干旱耐性, 其中对PC的作用更大。     

Effects of Epigenetic Mechanisms on C4 Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Transgenic Rice (Oryza sativa) Seed Germination Under Drought Stress

为探究干旱胁迫下表观遗传机制对高表达玉米(Zea mays) C₄型PEPC转基因水稻(Oryza sativa)种子萌发的影响, 以转C₄型PEPC水稻(PC)和野生型水稻Kitaake (WT)为试材, 采用10% (m/v)聚乙二醇6000 (PEG6000)模拟干旱条件, 通过单独和联合施用PEG6000、DNA甲基化抑制剂5-氮杂胞苷(5azaC)和可变剪接抑制剂大环内酯类(PB)进行种子发芽实验, 测定种子活力、萌发过程中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量、α-淀粉酶活性以及PEPC、糖信号相关基因和部分剪接因子基因的表达。结果表明, 0.25 μmol·L^-1PB处理对2种供试水稻在干旱条件下种子萌发均表现出显著抑制作用, 使干旱条件下种子萌发过程中可溶性总糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量以及可溶性蛋白含量均有所下降, PB也抑制糖信号-蔗糖非发酵1 (SNF1)相关蛋白激酶(SnRKs)家族和剪接因子丝氨酸/精氨酸富集蛋白家族(SR proteins)相关基因的表达以及α-淀粉酶的活性, 但对PC的抑制作用小于WT。5 μmol·L^-15azaC处理对干旱条件下种子萌发的效果与可变剪接抑制剂相反。5 μmol·L ^-1 5azaC联合PEG6000干旱处理部分减缓了干旱对水稻种子发芽率的抑制作用, 使供试材料发芽率升高, 表明DNA甲基化和可变剪接机制参与了水稻芽期干旱耐性, 其中对PC的作用更大。     

外源水杨酸对干旱胁迫下小冠花种子萌发及幼芽生理特性的影响

以豆科牧草“绿宝石”小冠花为试材,研究PEG-6000(浓度8%和12%)模拟干旱胁迫下不同浓度外源水杨酸(0、0.5、1.0和2.0 mmol·L^-1)对小冠花种子萌发和幼芽生理特性的影响.结果表明: 0.5～1.0 mmol·L^-1水杨酸显著提高了干旱胁迫下小冠花种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和芽长,12%PEG胁迫下1.0 mmol·L^-1水杨酸处理小冠花幼芽干质量显著高于干旱处理.0.5～1.0 mmol·L^-1水杨酸处理显著提高了干旱胁迫下小冠花幼芽脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量,显著提高了过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性,显著降低了幼芽细胞电解质渗透率、H₂O₂含量、O₂^-·产生速率,其中以1.0 mmol·L^-1水杨酸处理效果最好.水杨酸浓度超过2.0 mmol·L^-1时对干旱胁迫没有缓解效应.表明适宜浓度的水杨酸(0.5～1.0 mmol·L^-1)可以提高小冠花幼芽渗透调节能力和抗氧化能力,促进小冠花生长,缓解干旱胁迫伤害.     

Halopriming of seeds imparts tolerance to NaCl and PEG induced stress in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek varieties

The investigation was carried out to study the effect of halopriming on NaCl and polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) induced stress tolerance potential of three Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek varieties, with varied abiotic stress tolerance potential. Halopriming is a seed priming technique in which the seeds were soaked in various salt solutions (in this study NaCl was used). The results of the study indicated that the application of stresses (both NaCl and PEG) induced retardation of growth attributes (measured in terms of shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight) and decrease in physiological attributes like total chlorophyll content, metabolites, photosynthetic and mitochondrial activity of the seedlings in all three V. radiata (L.) varieties. However, halopriming of the seeds could reduce the extent of decrease in these biological attributes. NaCl and PEG stress also caused increase in MDA content (a product of membrane lipid peroxidation) in all the varieties studied and this increase was significantly minimized under halopriming. From the present investigation it was evident that among the green gram varieties studied, Pusa Vishal, a NaCl tolerant variety showed enhanced tolerance to NaCl and PEG induced stress, when the seeds were subjected to halopriming followed by Pusa Ratna (stress sensitive variety). Pusa 9531 (drought tolerant variety) also showed positive halopriming effects but it was less significant when compared to other two varieties. It could be concluded that halopriming improved the drought and salinity stress tolerance potential of all varieties and it was significantly higher in the Pusa Vishal as compared to Pusa 9531 and Pusa Ratna.     

外源CO及NO对干旱胁迫下水稻糊粉层细胞死亡的影响

采用荧光显微技术结合药理学方法,以水稻(Oryza sativa L.)种子及其糊粉层为实验材料,研究外源CO、NO对干旱胁迫下水稻种子萌发过程中糊粉层细胞DNA降解及死亡的影响。结果表明:(1)干旱胁迫促进糊粉层细胞的死亡,且近胚端糊粉层细胞的死亡进程早于远胚端的细胞。(2)外源CO及NO供体处理能缓解干旱胁迫下水稻糊粉层细胞DNA的降解,延迟细胞死亡进程;CO专一性抑制剂及NO清除剂能逆转CO及NO的效应,缩短细胞死亡进程。(3)外源CO及NO供体促进干旱胁迫下水稻种子的萌发,CO专一性抑制剂及NO清除剂能抑制干旱胁迫下水稻种子的萌发。(4)CO合成酶抑制剂并不能抑制外源NO对干旱胁迫伤害的缓解效应,即CO能通过NO介导调节干旱胁迫下水稻种子糊粉层细胞的死亡及种子萌发。     

干旱胁迫下外源钙对石灰岩地区复羽叶栾树种子萌发的影响

以石灰岩生态恢复优选树种复羽叶栾树种子为试材,采用聚乙二醇(PEG6000)设置0%(CK)、5%、15%、25%、30%模拟石灰岩山区不同干旱环境,以CaCl₂设置0(CK)、15、20、25、30 mmol·L^-1为外源钙离子梯度,模拟石灰岩地区的土壤高钙环境,研究不同浓度CaCl₂、PEG及二者交互作用对种子萌发特征的影响.结果表明: 单纯CaCl₂作用下,中低浓度的外源钙对复羽叶栾树种子萌发参数无显著影响,而高浓度的外源钙对种子萌发具有抑制作用,中低浓度CaCl₂可以增加萌发后幼苗的鲜质量.PEG浓度从0%增至25%,各处理组的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及活力指数均与对照呈显著递减趋势,幼苗鲜质量明显减小.对各干旱处理组施加一定浓度的外源钙后,中低浓度的CaCl₂可提高种子的萌发特性,而当CaCl₂浓度达到30 mmol·L^-1时,种子难以萌发.PEG浓度达到30%时,种子无萌发.施加一定的外源钙可以提高PEG胁迫下幼苗的鲜质量,使幼苗更加适应干旱缺水的环境.