斜卧青霉原生质体制备和再生的研究

研究了斜卧青霉原生质体制备和再生的条件,确定了培养方式、菌龄、渗透压稳定剂、酶的配比、酶解时间等因素对原生质体制备和再生的影响。最佳条件：菌丝体培养12h,用1％溶壁酶＋1％纤维素酶＋1％蜗牛酶的混合酶液酶解,将NaCl作为渗透压稳定剂,酶解时间为1．5h。在此条件下原生质体的形成量达到5．3×10^5个／mL,再生率为19．4％。     

酿酒酵母与球形红假单胞菌原生质体跨界融合研究

测定了球形红假单胞菌原核细胞与酿酒酵母真核细胞的原生质体形成、再生及融合最佳组合条件。以溶菌酶ＥＤＴＡ反应系统处理球形红假单胞菌Ｐ９４７９,最适脱壁条件为：溶菌酶浓度０.５ｍｇ／ｍｌ,ＥＤＴＡ浓度为０.２％,蔗糖浓度２０％,酶作用时间为４０ｍｉｎ;此条件下原生质体形率为７８.９％,再生率为１１.２％。用蜗牛酶巯基乙醇反应系统处理酿酒酵母Ｙ９４０７,最适脱壁条件为：蜗牛酶浓度１.０％,巯基乙醇浓度０.１％,蔗糖浓度２０％,酶作用时间为３０ｍｉｎ;此条件下酵母原生质体形成率为９９.８％,再生率为９.７％。用聚乙二醇诱导Ｐ９４７９与Ｙ９４０７的原生质体发生融合,当聚乙二醇的浓度为３０％,Ｃａ２＋浓度为５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｐＨ为６.５,时间为１０ｍｉｎ时,有最高的融合率为７.６×１０－６。     

灵芝原生质体分离与再生研究

首次详细、系统地探讨了灵芝原生质体分离与再生的条件,结果表明：用0．6mol／L甘露醇配制成含2％溶壁酶和0．5％崩溃酶的复合酶,在30℃,pH为6.0时酶解3小时,可得到最高的原生质体得率。但考虑到原生质体的再生,以酶解2．5小时为最适。酶解2．5小时所得原生质体经精制,用纤维二糖培养基（以0.6mol／L甘露醇为渗透压稳定剂）进行双层平板（上层平板含0．2％琼脂）培养法再生,原生质体的再生率最高。本研究为以后进行灵芝原生质体的融合以及灵芝的转基因研究打下了基础。     

灵芝原生质体分离与再生研究*

首次详细、系统地探讨了灵芝原生质体分离与再生的条件,结果表明：用0．6mol／L甘露醇配制成含2％溶壁酶和0．5％崩溃酶的复合酶,在30℃,pH为6.0时酶解3小时,可得到最高的原生质体得率。但考虑到原生质体的再生,以酶解2．5小时为最适。酶解2．5小时所得原生质体经精制,用纤维二糖培养基（以0.6mol／L甘露醇为渗透压稳定剂）进行双层平板（上层平板含0．2％琼脂）培养法再生,原生质体的再生率最高。本研究为以后进行灵芝原生质体的融合以及灵芝的转基因研究打下了基础。     

谷氨酸产生菌原生质体的制备及其形成模式

比较了谷氨酸生产菌棒杆菌T原生质体形成的条件,以及对再生率的影响。采用溶菌酶一甘氨酸一青霉素G处理其细胞的原生质体形成率千兀再生率最佳。酶处理10小时,原生质体形成率接近1OO％,再生率可达10％以上。根据显微摄影观察,棒杆菌形成原生质体有类似于“海鸥”形的独特形成模式。     

用中性红标记酵母原生质体初探

用２％蜗牛酶处理酵母细胞６０分钟,啤酒酵母Ｙ２９的原生质体形成率为９０％,再生率为９．５％;糖化酵母ＩＢ的原生质体形成率为８６％,再生率为１２％。用５００ｐｐｍ中性红染液对Ｙ２９菌株的整细胞和原生质体染色１５分钟,细胞的着色率为８４％,存活率为１２％,而原生质体的着色率为７５％,再生率为６．４％,经染色后的原生质体体积缩小,在交变电场中排队所需的场强电降低。     

无花果曲霉原生质体形成与再生条件的探讨

根据正交试验得出无花果曲霉原生质体形成的最佳条件,用１％的混合酶液（０．５％纤维素酶＋０．２５％蜗牛酶＋０．２５％溶菌酶）作用无花果曲霉菌体细胞,原生质体产量达３．２×１０７个·ｍｌ－１,渗透压稳定剂为０．６ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＫＣｌ于０．２ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＰＯ３＋４（ｐＨ５．８）中,酶解时间和酶解温度分别为３．０ｈ、３０℃．比较不同酶解时间、再生稳定剂和碳源等因素对原生质体再生的影响,可确定最佳再生条件,再生率达３０％以上．     

碱性普鲁兰酶产生菌的原生质体制备与诱变选育

研究报道了Bacillus sp SX—12原生质体制备与再生最佳条件。实验表明,在液体完全培养基中加入2％的甘氨酸培养10h,原生质体制备最佳条件为：溶菌酶浓度0．5mg／mL,酶解温度37℃,酶解时间1．5h时原生质体形成率为93．8％。原生质体形成最佳高渗稳定剂为甘露醇,再生率26．4％。在原生质体制备的最佳条件下,用紫外线诱变技术选育产碱性普鲁兰酶的高产菌株。筛选到1株高产菌株SX—12C87,酶活由出发菌株的2．42μ／mL提高到6．87μ／mL,提高了约1．8倍。     

轮梗霉原生质体的制备

本文比较了酶浓度,菌龄,渗透压稳定剂以及酶解温度和时间等因素地轮梗霉原生质体得率的影响,结果基本获得了制备原生质体的适宜条件;用0．6mol/L甘露醇稳渗剂配制成的4％纤维素酶和0．5％蜗牛酶混合酶,35℃酶解培养了30h的菌丝1．0h,即可得到较高产量的原生质体,对该生质体进行了再生实验,其再生率约为23．8％。     

γ—亚麻酸生产菌深黄被孢霉原生质体的形成和再生

采用2％的溶壁酶加4％的蜗牛酶,从深黄被孢霉的菌丝中获得了大量的原生质体。同时对菌丝的培养时间、渗透压稳定剂、酶解系统和酶解温度等因素进行了系统的观察,从而获得了制备深黄被孢霉原生质体的最适条件。并对该原生质体在高渗培养基上进行了再生实验,其再生率为32％。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.