Chemical constituents from the calyces of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii

One new monoterpenoid glycoside (1), together with seven known compounds, including two alkaloids (2–3), three phenylpropanoids (4–6), and two nucleosides (7–8) were isolated from the calyces of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of detailed spectroscopic analyses, chemical methods, and comparison with reported data. These eight compounds were isolated for the first time from the genus Physalis. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarized.     

Chemical constituents isolated from Valeriana officinalis L

Phytochemical investigations on the leaves of Valeriana officinalis L. led to the isolation of 18 compounds, including eight lignans (1–8), three sesquiterpenoids (9–11), five iridoids (12–16), and two aldehydes (17–18) The structure elucidation of isolated compounds was achieved on the basis of NMR and mass spectral data. Among them, three compounds (9–16, 18) are reported from V. officinalis for the first time and one compound (5) was isolated from the genus Valeriana for the first time. In addition, six compounds (2, 4, 6–8, 17) are isolated for the first time from Valerianaceae family. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds has also been discussed.     

Constituents from the pseudofruits of Hovenia dulcis and their chemotaxonomic significance

Sixteen compounds, including six flavonoids (1–6), one lignan (7), three megastigmanes (8–10), three triterpenoids (11–13), and three benzoic acid derivatives (14–16) were isolated and structurally elucidated from the pseudo-fruits of Hovenia dulcis. Their structures were analyzed by NMR spectroscopic and data comparison. Among them, compounds 4, 7–11, 13, 15, and 16 were isolated from the Hovenia genus for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates was also described, which revealed a relationship between H. dulcis and H. acerbar as well as other species belonging to the Rhamnaceae family.     

Phytochemical investigation on the roots of Juglans mandshurica and their chemotaxonomic significance

Phytochemical research of the roots of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. (Juglandaceae) verified 37 secondary metabolites, including thirteen diarylheptanoids (1–13), five naphthoquinones (14–18), five tetralones (19–23), three lignans (24–26), three phenols (27–29), two anthraquinones (30–31), two triterpenoids (32–33), two secoiridoids (34–35), one naphthalenyl glycoside (36), and one flavonoid (37). The chemical structures of these constituents were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and compared with data from the literature. This is the first confirmation of the presence of ten compounds (6, 12, 16, 18, 24–26, 30, 32–33) isolated from the family Juglandaceae, two compounds (1 and 8) from the genus Juglans, and four compounds (27, 31, 34–35) from J. mandshurica. The isolation and chemotaxonomic significance of the metabolites from the roots of J. mandshurica were described in this study.     

Chemical constituents from Gentianella turkestanorum (Gentianaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of Gentianella turkestanorum (Gentianaceae) afforded nineteen compounds, including six xanthones (1–6), two triterpenoids (7–8), eight flavones (9–16) and three iridoids (17–19). Here, we firstly reported that 1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone (4), 1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (5), apigenin (9), quercetin (10), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (12) and three other compounds (1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (5), apigenin-7-O-gluco (1″ → 3‴) glucoside (15) and luteolin-7-O-gluco (1″ → 3‴) glucoside (16)) could be isolated from G. turkestanorum. The occurrence of chemical data and the sequence data might be employed as common constituents of the genera Gentianella, Lomatogonium and Swertia.     

Investigation of chemical compounds from Chlamydomonas sp. KSF108 (Chlamydomonadaceae)

Nine compounds (1–9) including one norisoprenoid (1), one polyol-glycoside (2), three sterols (3–5), three phenols (6, 8, and 9), and one fatty acid (7) were isolated from Chlamydomonas sp. KSF108. Their chemical structures were established using NMR spectroscopic techniques and compared with published data. None of the compounds have been previously reported from the genus Chlamydomonas and they may therefore serve as chemotaxonomic markers for Chlamydomonas sp. KSF108 within the genus.     

Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic studies on Dioscorea collettii

A chemical investigation of Dioscorea collettii led to the isolation of twenty-nine compounds, including six steroid saponins (1–6), thirteen monocyclic phenols (7–19), two flavonoids (20–21), three sterols (22–24), and five cyclodipeptides (25–29). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and by comparing their data to that reported in the literature. This study is the first report of compounds 2–4, 7, 14–17, 21, and 23–24 in D. collettii, while compounds 8–13, 18–20, and 25–29 were first isolated from the genus Dioscorea and the family Dioscoreaceae. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds is discussed.     

Chemical constituents of Uncaria rhynchophylloides How and their chemotaxonomic significance

One undescribed 1,4-diazaindan-type alkaloid, namely howlumine (1), along with seventeen known compounds, including a known analogue, agrocybenine (2), three iridoid glycosides (3–5), four megastigmane glycosides (6–9), two benzoic acid derivatives (10–11), two phenylpropanoids (12–13), and five flavonoids (14–18), were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Uncaria rhynchophylloides How. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Howlumine and agrocybenine represent the first report of 1,4-diazaindan-type alkaloids from the genus Uncaria. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates was also discussed.     

Chemical constituents from Euphorbia stracheyi Boiss

The chemical investigation of whole plants Euphorbia stracheyi Boiss. led to the isolation of 14 compounds, including eight diterpenes (1–8), one monoterpene (9), three coumarins (10–12), and two phenols (13–14). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with the literature. Compounds 1–6, and 8–12 were firstly isolated from E. stracheyi, while compounds 6, and 9 were isolated from Euphorbia genus for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds is discussed.     

Chemical constituents of the roots of Scorzonera divaricata and their chemotaxonomic significance

The phytochemical study of the roots of Scorzonera divaricata Turcz led to the isolation of 27 compounds, including eight sterols (1–8), one lignan (9), two cumarins (10, 11), five phenylpropanoids (12–16), six benzene derivatives (17–22), methyl-β-D-fructofuranoside (23), monolinolein (24), and three aliphatic acids (25–27). The structures of isolated compounds were identified using NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopic methods and comparing them with those previously reported. Except for β-daucosterol (8), scopoletin (10) and caffeic acid (16) from S. divaricata, this is the first report of the other 24 compounds from S. divaricata. Among them, eleven compounds (2–6, 11, 17, 19, 20, 23, 25) were reported from genus Scorzonera for first time, suggesting that they could be used to distinguish S. divaricata from the other species of Scorzonera. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of isolated compounds from S. divaricata has also been discussed.     

Chemical constituents from Hovenia dulcis Thunb. And their chemotaxonomic significance

Phytochemical investigations on the fruit stalks and seeds of the plant Hovenia dulcis Thunb. led to the isolation of twenty-one compounds, including three triterpenes (1–3), two sterols (4–5), five flavonoids (6–10), two sesquiterpenes (11–12), one lignan (13), two phenylpropanoids (14–15), four benzoic acid derivatives (16–19), one acid amide (20) and one cerebroside (21). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and comparison with previous literatures. Among them, ten compounds (4, 11–12, 14–20) were isolated from familiy Rhamnaceae, two (13, 21) from the genus Hovenia, and three (5, 8, 10) from the species Hovenia dulcis Thunb. for the first time, respectively. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolates was also discussed.     

Chemical study of Anthospermum emirnense (Rubiaceae)

Chemical study of the aerial parts of Anthospermum emirnense led to the isolation of one original iridoid glycoside (1) along with six known iridoids (2–7), three lignans (8–10), two flavonoids (11–12), one coumarin (13), two anthraquinones (14–15), two benzoic acids (16–17) and three triterpenoids (18–20). These results are the first chemical data on non-volatile constituents of this genus. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds is discussed.     

Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic studies on Phyllodium pulchellum (Leguminosae)

A phytochemical investigation on the aerial part of Phyllodium pulchellum led to the isolation of 16 compounds including five flavonoids (1–5), three lignans (6–8), four indole alkaloids (9–12), and four other-type compounds (13–16). Their structures were elucidated by their spectroscopic data analysis. Among them, 12 compounds (1, 2, 4–9, and 11–14) are reported from the genus Phyllodium for the first time, while compound 14 was isolated from the Leguminosae family for the first time and compound 11 was firstly reported in the plant kingdom. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was also summarized.     

Chemical constituents from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa (Thymelaeaceae)

Phytochemical investigation on the flower buds of Daphne genkwa led to the isolation of 22 compounds, including 17 daphne diterpenes (1–17), three tigliane types (18–20), and two diphenylpentanes (21–22). Compounds 19–21 were isolated from D. genkwa for the first time. These compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and by comparing their data to those reported in the literature. On the basis of chemical research, the chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds were discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the fruit of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa

Twenty-one compounds, including ten triterpenoids (1–10), two sterols (11 and 12), six flavonoids (13–18), and three cerebrosides (19–21) were isolated from the fruit of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex. H. F. Chou. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and by comparison of their reported spectral data. These compounds have shown the relationship between this plant and other species from the Rhamnaceae family.     

Chemical constituents from the leaves of Ilex urceolatus

Eighteen compounds, including four hemiterpene glycosides (1–4), three triterpenoid saponins (5–7), four triterpenes (8–11), five sterols (12-16) and two monoterpene glucosides (17 and 18), were isolated from the leaves of Ilex urceolatus C. B. Shang, K. S. Tang et D. Q. Du, which was identified as a new species belonging to the genus Ilex. Among them, compounds 14–18 were firstly isolated from the genus Ilex, others were obtained from I. urceolatus for the first time. This work represented the initially phytochemical study on this plant. The isolated compounds have significant chemotaxonomic characteristics with the other species from this genus.     

Chemical constituents from Melodinus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. and their chemotaxonomic significance

A phytochemical investigation on the twigs and leaves of Melodinus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. resulted in the isolation and identification of 22 compounds, including seven sesamin-type lignans (1–7), three pentacyclic triterpenes (8–10), one anthraquinone (11), one flavanone (12), two phenolic compounds (13 and 14), five aspidosperma-type indole alkaloids (15–19), and three eburnan-type indole alkaloids (20–22). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis, including HREIMS together with 1D and 2D NMR experiments, and comparison with reported data. Among them, compounds 1/4, 2/5, and 3/6 are three pairs epimers at C-7''. Compounds 1–6, 8 and 11 were firstly isolated from the family Apocynaceae, whereas 17 was isolated from Melodinus species for the first time. Compound 8 was only found in Juglans hopeiensis, while 11 was only found in roots of Rubia cordifolia. Compounds 1–6, 8, 11 and 15–22 could be considered as chemotaxonomic markers for M. cochinchinensis. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance and distribution of these isolates in Melodinus genus are discussed in detail.     

Chemical constituents from the stem bark of Clausena excavata Burm. f

Phytochemical study on the stem bark of Clausena excavata Burm. f. led to the isolation and identification of 11 compounds, including four prenylated coumarins (1–4), three carbazole alkaloids (5–7), a limonoid (8), a sterol (9), a depside (10) and a xanthone (11). The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated based on NMR and mass spectroscopic data, and further supported by comparison with previously literature values. This is the first report on the isolation of compounds 10 and 11 from the genus Clausena. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds is discussed.     

Vernoguinamide: A new ceramide and other compounds from the root of Vernonia guineensis Benth. and their chemophenetic significance

The chemical investigation of the roots of Vernonia guineensis Benth. (Asteraceae) resulted in the isolation of a new ceramide, named vernoguinamide (1), together with fifteen known compounds, including three anthraquinones, physion (2), erythroglaucin (3) and emodin (4), three triterpenoids, hop-17(21)-en-3β-yl acetate (5), lupeol (6) and betulinic acid (7), six steroids, vernoguinoside A (8), vernoguinoside (9), β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside (10), stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside (11), stigmasterol (12) and β-sitosterol (13) and three fatty acid derivatives, tetracosanoic acid (14), tricosanic acid (15) and arachidic acid glycerol ester (16). The structure of the new compound as well as those of the known compounds were established by spectrometric analysis including HRESI-MS, 1D and 2D-NMR and by comparison with the previously reported data. Among these compounds, the anthraquinones 2–4 and the triterpene 5 were isolated for the first time from Vernonia genus and compounds 6, 7 and 14–16 were extracted for the first time from the species. The isolated compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity and 3, 8 and 9 were the most active compounds against the tested bacteria. Furthermore, the chemophenetic relationships of the isolated compounds and their significance were also discussed.     

Chemical constituents from Ligularia purdomii (Turrill) Chittenden

The first phytochemical investigation on the roots of Ligularia purdomii led to the isolation and identification of 18 compounds, including two eremophilane sesquiterpenoids (1 and 2), three benzofuran derivatives (3–5), a triterpenoid (6), two steroids (7 and 8), nine phenolic components (9–17), and a monofatty glyceride (18). The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was performed by spectroscopic data and comparison with the literature. Compounds (−)-syringaresinol (11), scopoletin (13), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (14), and glycerol monolinoleate (18) have not been recorded in Ligularia genus previously. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds has been summarized.