人羊膜间充质细胞分离培养及其干细胞特性研究

目的：研究人羊膜间充质细胞（Humanamnioticmesenchymalcells,HAMCs）的分离、培养及其干细胞特性,为羊膜间充质细胞在再生医学的潜在应用奠定实验基础。方法：无菌条件下取正常足月剖腹产胎儿的羊膜剪成碎片,经胰酶胶原酶序贯消化,DMEM/F12培养,倒置显微镜下观察其形态,MTT法检测其生长规律,免疫荧光的方法对细胞进行鉴定,定向诱导方法检测细胞的多向分化潜能。结果：来源于羊膜的间充质细胞,细胞免疫荧光显示SSEA-4,OCT-4阳性,具有很强的增殖能力,并且具有一定的多向分化能力,在特定条件下可分化为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞;结论：羊膜间充质细胞能够在体外分离、培养、扩增,并且具有干细胞特性。羊膜间充质细胞在再生医学和组织工程应用有很好的前景。     

脐带间充质干细胞——组织工程的新视角

目的 从脐带中分离培养脐带间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell, MSC) 并进行鉴定,阐明其多向分化的潜在作用.方法 收集健康胎儿脐带,分离培养脐带中的间充质干细胞,以流式细胞仪对培养的间充质干细胞进行细胞表面标志检测,多种成分联合诱导其向脂肪、成骨方向分化,细胞化学染色检测诱导后的细胞变化.结果 脐带中分离培养的间充质干细胞不表达造血细胞系的标志CD34、CD45、HLA-DR,强表达CD105、CD44、CD90,在适当的诱导条件下可向脂肪及成骨方向分化.结论 脐带中存在具有多向分化潜能的间充质干细胞.     

人脐带间充质干细胞的分离培养与鉴定

目的:建立并优化人脐带间充质干细胞分离纯化方法,并对其表面标志与多向分化潜能进行鉴定。方法:收集健康足月产胎儿脐带组织,采用组织块贴壁法进行原代培养,流式细胞仪对其表面标志进行检测,通过向成骨成脂分化对其多向分化潜能进行鉴定,RT-PCR对其干细胞特性基因Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、Nestin进行检测。结果:采用组织块贴壁法可在2周左右获得大量间充质干细胞,培养的细胞经流式细胞仪检测,高表达CD29、CD44、CD105、CD106,低表达CD34、CD45;经成骨成脂诱导2周后可分化为成骨细胞和成脂细胞,RT-PCR检测发现原代细胞表达Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、Nestin基因。结论:人脐带间充质干细胞可在体外扩增培养,具有多向分化潜能,可作为组织工程种子细胞来源。     

比格犬会厌黏膜来源干细胞的分离培养与生物学特性鉴定

目的:探讨建立喉部黏膜间充质干细胞的分离培养方法,并对其生物学特性进行鉴定,为进一步研究其在喉部瘢痕中形成的作用及喉部组织工程提供参考.方法:以比格犬喉部会厌背侧(舌面)黏膜为研究对象,采用消化培养的方法分离具有间充质干细胞样细胞.选取第3代细胞对其进行生物学特性鉴定,首先利用MTT法检测其增殖活性及克隆形成情况,然后通过流式细胞术检测细胞表面分子标记物CD29及CD34的表达情况,最后应用第3代细胞对其进行成脂肪细胞和成骨细胞分化培养,观察其分化能力.结果:分离培养细胞形态较为一致,绝大多数呈梭形,排列不规则.MTT增殖活性实验及克隆形成试验结果显示,所分离的细胞具有良好的增殖活性和克隆形成率;流式细胞术结果显示,该细胞表达CD29间充质干细胞细胞表面标记物,低表达造血干细胞细胞表面标记物CD34;同时,该细胞诱导分化成脂肪细胞和成骨细胞实验表明,其具有多向分化潜能.结论:从比格犬会厌背侧黏膜分离的细胞具有间充质干细胞样特性,为进一步研究喉部瘢痕形成机制及喉部组织工程提供了技术基础.     

人脐带间充质干细胞的分离培养与鉴定简

目的：建立并优化人脐带间充质干细胞分离纯化方法,并对其表面标志与多向分化潜能进行鉴定。方法：收集健康足月产胎儿脐带组织,采用组织块贴壁法进行原代培养,流式细胞仪对其表面标志进行检测,通过向成骨成脂分化对其多向分化潜能进行鉴定,RT-PCR对其干细胞特性基因Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、Nestin进行检测。结果：采用组织块贴壁法可在2周左右获得大量间充质干细胞,培养的细胞经流式细胞仪检测,高表达CD29、CD44、CD105、CD106,低表达CD34、CD45;经成骨成脂诱导2周后可分化为成骨细胞和成脂细胞,RT-PCR检测发现原代细胞表达Oct4、Nanog、Sox2、Nestin基因。结论：人脐带间充质干细胞可在体外扩增培养,具有多向分化潜能,可作为组织工程种子细胞来源。     

猪骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养与鉴定

目的:建立猪骨髓间充质干细胞(pMSCs)体外分离培养、纯化和鉴定的方法,为下一步实验研究奠定基础.方法:采用密度梯度离心法获得骨髓单核细胞,接种后形成单层贴壁的成纤维样细胞.免疫荧光及PCR检测细胞表面标志及多能性基因的表达,并鉴定分离细胞的多向诱导分化潜能.结果:体外培养的原代细胞10天达到融合,传代后仍具有成纤维样的形态;免疫荧光结果见波形蛋白(Vimention)和Oct4标记阳性,CD45阴性;PCR分子检测见多能性基因OCT-4,nanog的表达;细胞具有分化为成骨细胞和成脂细胞的能力.结论:采用密度梯度离心法获得的pMSCs体外增殖能力强,纯度高,具有间充质干细胞的特性,pMSCs分离培养体系的成功建立为下一步实验研究奠定基础.     

人羊膜间充质干细胞的生物学特性及临床前研究

近年来随着对间充质干细胞功能特性的深入研究,间充质干细胞已经成为细胞替代治疗的研究热点。而人羊膜间充质干细胞(human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell,hAMSC),除与时下研究热、应用广的骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell,BM-MSC)一样具有多向分化潜能、免疫调节、造血支持等特性外,还具有来源广泛、取材方便、无伦理限制、细胞增殖能力强等优势。多项研究还证明,hAMSC移植免疫排斥少,成功率高,在各种组织器官中存活率高,存活时间长。以上诸多优势,使得其在细胞替代治疗和再生医学研究领域备受关注。     

间充质干细胞分化为心肌细胞的诱导方法研究进展

间充质干细胞作为一种取材方便、易于分离培养、体外扩增快、免疫原性低的成体干细胞,具有自我更新和多向分化潜能,可在体内外不同的诱导条件下分化为心肌细胞,是理想的心肌再生治疗的种子细胞。本文综述了间充质干细胞分化为心肌细胞的诱导方法,包括化学试剂、中药制剂、机械力和电磁刺激、心肌环境因子、损伤组织条件培养、组织工程方法等,为其在心肌损伤性疾病尤其是心肌梗死治疗中的应用提供基础。     

大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞的分离鉴定与生物学特性研究

脂肪间充质干细胞(adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells,ADSCs)是一类具有多向分化潜能的成体干细胞,在组织器官修复方面具有潜在应用前景。体外培养条件下脂肪间充质干细胞增殖活性和分化潜能的维持对其应用研究具有重要意义。该研究通过大鼠腹股沟部脂肪组织分离获得了脂肪间充质干细胞,并对其细胞生长曲线、细胞群体倍增时间、细胞克隆形成等进行了检测,从而筛选出细胞生长最适的血清及浓度;再进一步对筛选条件下培养的大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞进行了免疫荧光检测、流式细胞术分析和诱导分化能力鉴定。结果显示,大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞在20%血清浓度下生长状态最好,增殖较快,细胞群体倍增时间较短,细胞克隆形成率可达(27.33±0.58)%。分离的大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞中CD44、CD90、CD106的阳性率分别为99.12%、99.59%、65.81%,CD34分子呈阴性。诱导后,细胞经油红O、碱性磷酸酶、阿新兰染色,结果表明,细胞具有向脂肪、骨、软骨方向分化的潜能。以上结果表明,成功建立了大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞系。     

胎儿肺脏来源间充质干细胞的鉴定与损伤修复的实验研究

目的 :为研究胎儿肺脏来源间充质干细胞的生物学性状 ,表型和多向分化能力。方法 :取胎龄为 4～ 5个月水囊引产胎儿 ,将肺脏细胞在SF(含 2 %FBS)培养基中培养。测定生长曲线、利用流式细胞仪对培养细胞进行表型测定 ,细胞周期分析 ,体外诱导分化实验。NOD SCID鼠放射损伤后 ,尾静脉输入经PKH2 6染色的间充质干细胞 ,两个月后检测外源细胞在肺脏的定植情况。结果 :从胎儿肺脏可培养出间充质干细胞 ,并可诱导成骨、软骨和脂肪细胞分化 ;移植两个月后可以检测到外源细胞在肺脏的定植。结论 :从胎儿肺脏可分离培养出间充质干细胞 ,在体外有效扩增且保持其低分化状态 ;间充质干细胞可以在肺脏长时间定植。     

Different induction of adaptive response to ionizing radiation in normal and neoplastic cells

Since the beneficial effects of low-dose radiation (0.01 Gy) are usually observed in normal cells, we investigated whether the adaptive response was induced by low-dose radiation in neoplastic cells of different origin as well as in normal cells. Cell lines used in this experiment were as follows: mouse lymphocytes (NL); L929 cells established from mouse connective tissue; primary mouse keratinocytes (PK); line 308 from mouse papilloma; X-ray sensitive lymphoma cells, L5178Y-S and EL-4 cells from mouse lymphoma. The adaptive response was determined by cell survival and apoptosis. The involvement of apoptosis in the adaptive response was examined by ELISA and TUNEL assay. Adaptive response was induced by pretreatment with low-dose radiation of 0.01 Gy in normal cells such as NL, L929, and PK, but not in L5178Y-S, EL-4, and line 308 cells. In addition, the reduction of apoptosis by pretreatment with low-dose radiation was observed in NL, L929, and PK, but not in L5178Y-S, EL-4, and line 308 cells. These results suggested that the adaptive response could be induced by pretreatment with low-dose radiation and the phenomena were observed in normal cells, not in neoplastic cells. In addition, pretreatment with low-dose radiation reduced apoptosis, suggesting that an anti-apoptotic pathway may be involved in the adaptive response. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Light-stimulated ultraweak photon reemission of human amnion cells and wish cells

Photon reemission in the ultraweak intensity range that is observed after irradiation of cell suspensions with light, reveals characteristic differences between normal human amnion cells and transformed wish cells from the same parental tissue. The reemission kinetics, approximated best by a hyperbolical process, were studied as a function of cell density, showing that: malignant Wish cells have a photon storage capacity that is not improved by increasing the cell density; and that normal amnion cells exhibit a photon storage capacity that strongly increases with increasing cell density. The interpretation of this effect and the nature of the emitter are discussed.     

人脐带间充质干细胞对脂多糖活化的小胶质细胞BV-2表型的影响

目的探讨人脐带间充质干细胞（hUCMSCs）对脂多糖（LPS）活化的小胶质细胞功能表型的影响。 方法实验设未诱导对照组（加入PBS无LPS诱导的BV-2细胞），LPS诱导组（加入1.0 μg/mL的LPS诱导BV-2细胞向M1型分化），按比例加入不同浓度hUCMSCs进行干预（LPS+低、中、高浓度hUCMSCs干预组hUCMSCs与BV-2细胞比例分别为：1:100、1:10、1:1），分别于24、48、72 h观察BV-2形态变化，Griess法检测细胞培养上清中M1表型产物一氧化氮（NO）的浓度；将hUCMSCs与BV-2细胞在不同条件下（LPS+/LPS-）共培养，qRT-PCR检测BV-2细胞M2表型标记物精氨酸酶1表达变化。数据分析采用重复测量资料的方差分析，组间比较采用Tukey分析。 结果BV-2细胞经LPS诱导后活化，细胞变大，呈"煎饼状"、"阿米巴状"变化，呈经典的M1表型分化；与未诱导对照组相比，LPS诱导组48、72 h BV-2细胞NO含量升高[48 h：（0.507±0.012）μg/mL比（5.183±0.171）μg/ mL；72 h：（0.934±0.024）μg/ mL比（12.498±0.168） μg/mL，P均< 0.01]，与LPS诱导组比较，LPS+低、中、高浓度hUCMSCs干预组72 h [（12.498±0.168）μg/mL比（11.852±0.149）μg/ mL、（9.796±0.048）μg/mL、（1.876±0.063） μg/mL]及LPS+中、高浓度hUCMSCs干预组48 h NO含量[（5.183±0.171） μg/ mL比（3.921±0.066）μg/mL、（1.202±0.012）μg/ mL]降低，且呈干预浓度依赖性NO含量下降，差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.01）。精氨酸酶1 qRT-PCR结果显示：与未诱导组比较，单纯高浓度hUCMSCs干预组3个时间点精氨酸酶1的相对表达量均升高（1.046±0.057比19.266±0.641，1.114±0.093比16.977±0.749，1.139±0.118比16.959±0.625），与LPS诱导对照组（0.000）比较，未诱导对照组（1.046±0.057，1.114±0.093，1.139±0.118）及LPS+高浓度hUCMSCs干预组精氨酸酶1表达（0.879±0.077，1.023±0.081，1.121±0.078）升高，差异具有统计学意义（P均< 0.01）。 结论LPS可诱导小胶质细胞BV-2炎症反应，而hUCMSCs可抑制活化小胶质细胞的炎症反应，抵消LPS对BV-2的诱导效应，促进小胶质细胞由促炎的M1型向抗炎的M2型转变。     

Response of the human testis to long-term estrogen treatment: Morphology of Sertoli cells,Leydig cells and spermatogonial stem cells

Summary The present investigation is concerned with the morphological changes observed in human testicular tissue following prolonged estrogen administration. Testicular material obtained from 11 transsexual patients who had been submitted to long-term estrogen treatment prior to sex-reversal surgery was studied by means of light- and electron microscopy.The testes of all patients examined present a more or less uniform appearance: There are narrow seminiferous cords surrounded by an extensively thickened lamina propria. They contain Sertoli cells and spermatogonia exclusively. There is no evidence of typical Leydig cells.The persisting spermatogonia show the characteristic features of pale type-A spermatogonia, whereas dark type-A spermatogonia are almost completely eliminated from the epithelium. In view of the fact that spermatogonia that survived radiotherapy and treatment with various noxious agents have recently been regarded as the stem cells of the human testis, it is suggested that also the majority of those spermatogonial types that are less sensitive to disturbances of the endocrine balance may consist of stem cells. The present results, therefore, corroborate the concept that the stem cells of the human testis may be derived from pale type-A spermatogonia or the variants of this cell type.Sertoli cells display two types of ovoid nuclei. In contrast to untreated material the nuclei lie adjacent to the basal lamina, and organelles and telolysosomes are confined to the apical cytoplasm. The apico-basal differentiation of mature cells, therefore, is not observed. Moreover, typical organelles and inclusions of mature cells are absent, as are the junctional specializations. Thus, Sertoli cells have transformed into immature cells, resembling precursors prior to puberty.Fibroblast-like cells in the interstitial tissue, which display strongly lobulated nuclei, a well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, and numerous inclusions are assumed to represent dedifferentiated Leydig cells.Since after estrogen treatment serum testosterone and gonadotropin levels are known to be reduced, it appears that the morphological changes correlate well with the endocrine status.     

Isolation and identification of clara cells from rabbit lung

Summary A procedure has been developed for the isolation of nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells (Clara cells) from rabbit lung. Following pulmonary lavage to eliminate macrosphages, cells (5% Clara cells) were released by digestion with 0.1% Protease I in HEPES-buffered balanced salt solution containing 0.5 mM ethylene glycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N′-tetraacetic acid instilled through the trachea. These cells were then separated on the basis of size using the Beckman JE-6 elutriator rotor. The fourth fraction collected from the elutriator contained about 30% Clara cells. This fraction was then layered on a two-polymer aqueous phase system consisting of 5% dextran T500 (DT) and 3.8% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) in sodium phosphate buffer. A cell fraction was obtained from the PEG phase, which included approximately 70% Clara cells. These cells were found to be greater than 90% viable by trypan blue dye exclusion. Identification of isolated Clara cells was confirmed by light microscopic observation of nitro blue tetrazolium staining and by ultrastructural characteristics as observed by electron microscopy. This research was supported in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under an interagency agreement relating to the Federal Interagency Energy/Environmental Research and Development Program.     

L-lactic acid secreted from gastric mucosal cells enhances growth of Helicobacter pylori

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori mainly inhabit the mucus layer in the gastric mucosa. However, mechanisms involving H. pylori colonization and proliferation in gastric mucosa are not well established. This study focuses on elucidating the role of gastric mucosal cells on growth of H. pylori. MATERIALS AND METHODS: H. pylori was co-cultured with the murine gastric surface mucosal cells (GSM06), and the growth of H. pylori on the cells was assessed by enumerating the colony-forming units (CFU). The H. pylori growth factor in the culture media conditioned by GSM06 cell was purified by HPLC, and the chemical structure of the growth factor was identified by analyses of (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectra. RESULTS: A marked increase in the number of CFU of H. pylori was observed in the GSM06 cells. The enhanced H. pylori growth was also observed when indirectly incubated with GSM06 cells through semi-permeable membrane. In addition, culture media conditioned by GSM06 cell stimulated H. pylori growth approximately one thousand-fold. By bioassay-guided purification, the H. pylori growth factor was isolated from the conditioned medium of GSM06 cells and identified as L-lactic acid. The H. pylori growth-enhancing activity under microaerobic condition was well correlated with L-lactic acid concentrations in the conditioned media. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that L-lactic acid secreted by gastric mucosal cells enhances the growth of H. pylori, and this L-lactic acid-dependent growth of H. pylori may be important to the long-term colonization of H. pylori in the stomach.     

Zinc uptake by blood cells of rats in zinc deficiency and inflammation

In zinc deficiency, the function of leukocytes is impaired. However, the results of studies on the zinc concentration of blood cells in zinc deficiency are conflicting, probably in part because of technical and analytical problems. The aim of this study was to investigate, under standard conditions, the uptake of⁶⁵Zn-labeled zinc by blood cells, taken from zinc-deficient rats and from rats in which an inflammation is induced. In both conditions, the serum zinc concentration is reduced. In clinical practice, this makes it difficult to determine whether the decrease in serum zinc is the result of a real or an apparent zinc deficiency. In stress, like an inflammatory disease, the decrease of zinc reflects an apparent zinc deficiency because of redistribution of serum zinc into the liver and because of decrease in serum albumin concentration. Over 70% of the serum zinc is bound to albumin. Blood cells from zinc-deficient and control rats were isolated using a discontinuous Percoll gradient and incubated under nearly physiological conditions in a⁶⁵Zn-containing medium. A significant increase in the in vitro uptake of⁶⁵Zn-labeled zinc by the blood cells of zinc-deficient rats was seen: erythrocytes 1.3, mononuclear cells 2.0, and polymorphonuclear cells 2.6 times the control values. During inflammation, no change in⁶⁵Zn-labeled zinc uptake by erythrocytes and mononuclear cells was demonstrated after 2 d, although the serum zinc and albumin concentrations were decreased, but a small but significant increase in zinc uptake by polymorphonuclear cells was observed. This study of⁶⁵Zn uptake in vitro under standard conditions may prove of value for distinguishing in patients real zinc deficiency from apparent zinc deficiency owing to, e.g., stress, although additional experiments should be performed. A part of this study has been presented at the Meeting of The American Gastroenterological Association on May 12–18, 1990, San Antonio, TX, and has been published in abstract inGastroenterology 98 suppl., A423.     

Epicubenol and Ferruginol induce DC from human monocytes and differentiate IL-10-producing regulatory T cells in vitro

Epicubenol and 19-hydroxyferruginol (Ferruginol) are sesquiterpenes isolated from the black heartwood of Cryptomeria japonica. Dendritic cells (DC) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that monitor the antigenic environment and activate na?ve T cells. The role of DC is not only to sense danger but also to tolerize the immune system to antigens encountered in the absence of maturation/inflammatory stimuli. In this study, we attempted to investigate the effects of Epicubenol and Ferruginol on the phenotypic and functional maturation of human monocytes-derived DC in vitro. Human monocytes were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days under standard conditions, followed by another 2 days with Epicubenol or Ferruginol. The expression levels of CD1a, CD83, and HLA-DR as expressed by mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on Epicubenol-primed DC or Ferruginol-primed DC were enhanced. Allogeneic Epicubenol-primed DC or Ferruginol-primed DC co-cultured with na?ve T cells at 1:5 ratio, secreted IL-10 and TGF-beta, but little IL-4. Moreover, T cells that develop in co-culture of Epicubenol-primed DC or Ferruginol-primed DC and na?ve T cells at 1:5 ratio suppressed the proliferation of autologous T cells at Treg cells: Ttarget cells and this suppression of proliferation was inhibited by anti-IL-10 mAb. The expression of FoxP3 mRNA on T cells that develop in co-culture of Epicubenol-primed DC or Ferruginol-primed DC and na?ve T cells was lower. From these results, Epicubenol and Ferruginol may induce IL-10-producing Treg 1 cells from na?ve T cells by modulating DC function. It seems that Epicubenol and Ferruginol appear to be a target for tolerance after transplantation and in autoimmune diseases.     

地参多糖对实验肿瘤细胞体内外增殖的影响

旨在研究地参多糖对小鼠体内S180A肿瘤细胞增殖的影响及体外对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞生长的影响.体内实验采用皮下接种小鼠S180A肿瘤细胞,以生理盐水为阴性对照,环磷酰胺为阳性对照,腹腔给药(ip给药)不同剂量地参多糖7d,称取小鼠瘤质量并计算抑瘤率.体外实验采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法测定地参多糖对体外BEL-7402细胞抗肿瘤活性;倒置荧光显微镜观察地参多糖对BEL-7402细胞形态学的影响;流式细胞术检测地参多糖对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞周期的影响.体内实验结果表明:随着地参多糖浓度的增加,体内对小鼠S180A肿瘤的抑制率逐渐提高,最高抑瘤率可达41.29％ (P＜0.01).体外实验结果表明:随着地参多糖浓度和培养时间的增加,体外培养的BEL-7402细胞存活率逐渐降低,抑制率逐渐增加,细胞出现明显的形态学改变,且能诱导细胞凋亡;流式细胞术证实地参多糖使体外培养的BEL-7402细胞发生G0/G1期阻滞.体内外实验均证实地参多糖具有抗肿瘤作用,值得进一步开发利用.