病理学住院医师规范化培训中医学人文素质的培养

医学人文培养是良好医患沟通的力量源泉,是心理健康的必要保障,同时也是医学发展的有力支撑。住院医师规范化培训是医学生毕业进入临床的重要阶段,因此医学人文素质的培养不可或缺。而目前我国病理学住院医师规范化培训仍然是以专业课程及技术实践为主导,人文教育还处于边缘地带,有些带教导师自身缺乏人文素养,上行下效,必然会影响住院医师的人文精神。此外,与临床科室及病患沟通的欠缺也是目前病理住院医师规范化培训中面临的一大问题。我院病理科将人文素质的培养贯穿于整个规范化培训中,培养其"医者仁心,对生命负责"的工作理念;秉持"终身学习"的工作态度,不断提高自己的诊断水平,保障患者医疗安全;不断提高带教导师人文素养,在带教过程中融入人文关怀;不断提高病理与临床、患者的沟通,协调医患关系;加强法律、法规教育,维护患者合法权益。     

医学生沟通能力标准化和个体化培养模式构建

医学生沟通项目正日益向正式的沟通课程之外延伸,并整合到实习医师、住院医师培训项目以及其他床旁或门诊教学中。医学生沟通能力的标准化、个体化的培养,有助于医学生建立良好的医患沟通模式,保持健康、和谐的医患关系。     

口腔颌面外科住院医师规范化培训中临床能力培养初探

住院医师规范化培训是培养具有独立执业能力和高超临床技能的专业医学人才的重要环节。通过对3年来口腔颌面外科住院医师规范化培训教学工作经验的总结,根据现代医学素质教育理念,结合口腔颌面外科的学科特点,探讨更加适合口腔住院医师规范化受训人员的教学方法,以促进受训住院医师临床实践综合能力的提高。我们在规范化培训中按纲施训,从转变临床思维模式、强调学习自主性、加强临床基本技能训练、注重人文思想的渗透等多方面入手,针对临床实践中的薄弱环节进行培训,为培养高素质医学人才奠定了基础,取得了教与培的满意效果。     

医院重症监护单元有效医患沟通的实践探索

通过对影响重症单元医患沟通有效性原因的分析,运用无锡市人民医院编写的“医疗服务重点环节沟通指南”,建立科室医患沟通规范,进行医护人员沟通品质的培育,利用新媒体技术等促进重症监护单元医患沟通的有效化,降低医疗投诉,构建和谐医患关系。     

我院医学影像科（放射科）住院医师规范化培训模式的构建及经验初探

住院医师培训是国、内外公认的医师成长必由之路。2010年上海市实施新形势下的住院医师规范化培训,医学影像科作为独立的学科进行住院医师规范化培训,如何在新的体制下构建医学影像科住院医师规范化培训模式面临新的挑战。本文针对医学影像科的特点,从我院医学影像科住院基地的概况、生源构成及培训的初步经验进行了探讨。     

围医患沟通理论的研究现状与进展

近些年来,医患关系呈日趋紧张之势,医疗纠纷数目不断攀升,各大医院纷纷强调医患沟通的重要性,各大医学院校也反复重申医患沟通的必要性,但往往注重沟通过程本身,忽视沟通前的准备以及沟通效果的评价。文章通过分析国内外医患沟通研究的趋势和现状,提出“围医患沟通”的理论实施与评价,进一步保障医疗安全,构建和谐医患关系。     

以胜任力为导向的住院医师规范化培训考核体系构建

住院医师规范化培训作为毕业后医学教育的重要组成部分,对于住院医师良好的职业道德、扎实的医学理论知识和临床技能的培养起着不可或缺的作用。如何保障培训质量、提高培训效果是工作中亟待解决的问题。文章结合安徽医科大学第二附属医院住院医师规范化培训工作实践,探索构建住院医师规范化培训考核体系,为提高住院医师规范化培训质量提供有力抓手。     

住院医师规范化培训临床教学查房的实践与体会

在国家住院医师规范化培训持续深入推进的背景下,以医院加强住院医师规范化培训临床教学查房为基础,分析了住院医师规范化培训临床教学查房的内涵及特点,提出了组织临床教学查房的实施方案,并就如何实现住院医师规范化培训临床与教学有机融合提出了意见建议。     

" 微课" 在住院医师规范化培训中的应用探讨

2015年,我国将在全国范围内全面启动住院医师规范化培训,针对规范化培训的教学改革引起了学者的广泛关注。随着现代信息技术的不断发展,"微课"这一新的教学模式在现代教学活动中的发挥的作用越来越突出,其短时有效的教学内容能快捷、方便、反复的获取,提高了学生学习效率和学习质量。依托规范化培训基地,将"微课"融入住院医师规范化培训,通过微视频、动漫、3D模型等方式,直观形象向住院医师讲解疾病及诊疗操作相关内容,并让住院医师参与"微课"设计、制作、学习的整个过程,能够提高住院医师规范化培训的效果、缓解医患矛盾、丰富医学大数据。本文就"微课"在住院医师规范化培训中的几点想法与同行共享。     

构建融合医学人文教育的新型医学遗传学教学模式

医学遗传学是广泛涉及基础与临床学科的综合性课程,对于医学生是至关重要的必修课程。现代医学已由传统的生物-医学模式向生物-心理-社会医学模式转化,医学诊疗模式从最初的以"疾病为中心"到"以病人为中心"的方式转变,医生不仅精通医术,更要理解患者的心理,与其进行良好的沟通,因此现代医学成为了一门具有自然科学、人文社会科学双重属性的综合性科学体系。长期以来,我国医学院校的教学仍然是生物医学知识和技能占据主导地位,人文课程不受重视。因此,必须加强医学人文知识的学习和技能培训,只有这样才能在未来的医疗工作中掌握良好的医患沟通技巧,建立和谐的医患关系,对处理好日渐增多的医疗纠纷、维护医患双方的共同利益具有重要意义。     

浅论神经外科医患沟通的特点、困境和技巧

近年我国医患矛盾频发、医患关系紧张。有效的医患沟通,有助于提高医疗服务质量,保障医疗服务安全;有助于避免或减少医疗纠纷,构建和谐医患关系。神经外科疾病类型多,变化快,诊断复杂,进展迅猛,治疗风险和费用高,容易发生医患纠纷;优秀的神经外科医生应该掌握良好的医患沟通技巧,维系和谐医患关系。     

基于因子分析法的医患信任危机成因研究

目的 探讨导致医患信任危机的多维影响因素与解决策略。方法 运用文献研究、专家咨询、现场调查及因子分析的方法,寻找对医患关系信任构成重要影响的潜在公因子,分析医患信任危机的成因。结果 医疗服务因子、医疗纠纷调解与行业监管因子、社会制度因素及文化价值因子、医患沟通因子是驱动医患信任危机形成的主因。结论 医患信任危机的形成受到医疗服务过程、外部社会制度及文化观念、行业监管及医患沟通和互动等多重因素的影响,需要政府、医疗机构和全社会共同努力,消解医患信任危机的坚冰,促进医患关系修复与和谐。     

基于《医疗服务重点环节沟通指南》的和谐医患关系构建

当前医患矛盾和纠纷事件时有发生,与医患之间的沟通不到位有着密切的关系。无锡市人民医院通过调研、实践,明确医疗服务沟通中的重点环节,建立标准化的医患沟通模式,编出符合当前实际的“医疗服务重点环节沟通指南”,并将其应用于临床,从而实现强化以医方为主导的医患沟通理念、提升沟通能力、融洽医患关系、促进医院发展的目标。     

耳鼻咽喉科医患沟通的影响因素分析及对策

目的:分析耳鼻咽喉科医患沟通的影响因素,提出针对性的对策,为改善医患沟通现状提供科学依据。方法:通过调查患者和医生对医患沟通满意度的评价及对可能影响医患沟通效果的因素进行定量分析,以黑龙江省几所三级甲等医院就诊患者及就职的医生为对象,通过问卷调查收集数据。结果:医患沟通满意度方面,有19.3%的被调查者认为医患沟通很好,41.7%的被调查者认为较好,两项合并占被被调查者总数的61%。被调查者认为医患沟通时间少、看病难、看病贵,医患信息不对称等因素在不同程度上影响着医患沟通效果。结论:建议针对影响医患沟通效果的因素在耳鼻喉科教学及工作中建立以人为本的沟通体系,改善医疗服务质量,促进医患关系顺畅与和谐的发展。     

254例医疗纠纷鉴定结果分析

目的 通过对某市过去的医疗事故鉴定结果分析,找出预防医疗纠纷的工作重点和防范机制。方法 对254例鉴定案件统计分析,从涉及医院的等级和科室构成、委托来源、医院所负责任、事故级别构成等指标观察寻找医疗纠纷的预防重点。结果 涉及医院以区域性医疗中心为主,涉及科室以骨科、妇产科为主,委托来源以行政调解单位为主,医疗事故鉴定率为60.7%,医院负完全责任的占8.8%。 结论 某市医疗纠纷防范的重点单位是三级甲等医院和县医院,重点科室是骨科、妇产科等手术科室,重点预防措施应该放在加强沟通、注重人文关怀、构建和谐医患关系方面,以此来降低医疗纠纷的发生和非司法诉讼途径的解决。     

"Our options have changed. .. we will not call you back". Communicating with my primary care physician

With the rise in managed care and the changes in the organization and delivery of health care, the medical literature is rife with expressions of doctors' discontent. Less is known about how these changes have affected patients in the course of everyday interactions with their doctors. As an efficiency measure, many physician practices rely on voice mail to screen and direct calls to the appropriate party. This simple, low-tech alteration in communication between patient and doctor has the potential to interfere with the development and maintenance of a constructive doctor-patient relationship. This paper describes the author's experience communicating with her physicians. It focuses on making an appointment via voice mail and offers a perspective on how the process of appointment making through an electronic third party can have a negative impact on the doctor-patient relationship.     

Results of a psychosomatic training program in China, Vietnam and Laos

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: With the "ASIA-LINK" program, the European Community has supported the development and implementation of a curriculum of postgraduate psychosomatic training for medical doctors in China, Vietnam and Laos. Currently, these three countries are undergoing great social, economic and cultural changes. The associated psychosocial stress has led to increases in psychological and psychosomatic problems, as well as disorders for which no adequate medical or psychological care is available, even in cities. Health care in these three countries is characterized by the coexistence of Western medicine and traditional medicine. Psychological and psychosomatic disorders and problems are insufficiently recognized and treated, and there is a need for biopsychosocially orientated medical care. Little is known about the transferability of Western-oriented psychosomatic training programs in the Southeast Asian cultural context. METHODS: The curriculum was developed and implemented in three steps: 1) an experimental phase to build a future teacher group; 2) a joint training program for future teachers and German teachers; and 3) training by Asian trainers that was supervised by German teachers. The didactic elements included live patient interviews, lectures, communication skills training and Balint groups. The training was evaluated using questionnaires for the participants and interviews of the German teachers and the future teachers. RESULTS: Regional training centers were formed In China (Shanghai), Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City and Hue) and Laos (Vientiane). A total of 200 physicians completed the training, and 30 physicians acquired the status of future teacher. The acceptance of the training was high, and feelings of competence increased during the courses. The interactive training methods were greatly appreciated, with the skills training and self-experience ranked as the most important topics. Adaptations to the cultural background of the participants were necessary for the topics of "breaking bad news," the handling of negative emotions, discontinuities in participation, the hierarchical doctor-patient relationship, culture-specific syndromes and language barriers. In addition to practical skills for daily clinical practice, the participants wanted to learn more about didactic teaching methods. Half a year after the completion of the training program, the participants stated that the program had a great impact on their daily medical practice. CONCLUSIONS: The training in psychosomatic medicine for postgraduate medical doctors resulted in a positive response and is an important step in addressing the barriers in providing psychosomatic primary care. The transferability of western concepts should be tested locally, and adaptations should be undertaken where necessary. The revised curriculum forms the basis of training in psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy for medical students and postgraduate doctors in China, Vietnam and Laos.     

Underperforming doctors: a postal survey of the Northern Deanery

Objectives: To discover the perceived size of pool of doctors considered to be underperforming in general practice in the Northern Deanery and to discover whether these perceptions are based on formal assessments. Design: Postal questionnaire. Setting: Area covered by the Northern Deanery. Subjects: Seven health authority directors of primary care, seven secretaries of local medical committees, and 14 chief officers of community health councils. Results: The response rate was 100% for directors of primary care and secretaries of local medical committees and, after one reminder, 92% for chief officers of community health councils. Numbers of doctors perceived to be underperforming ranged from none to over 15 in different health authority areas. Main areas for concern were communication skills, clinical skills, and management skills. Patients’ representatives were concerned about lack of power of patients and health authorities and doctors’ lack of accountability. Health authorities were concerned about lack of power, identification of underperforming doctors, and doctors’ professional loyalty. Local medical committees were concerned about the problem of identifying underperformance. A number of methods were used for identification, and there was no common method applied. Conclusions: The number of doctors thought to be underperforming was small. Work still needs to be done on developing tools that can be used in everyday practice to enable doctors to confirm for themselves, their colleagues, and their patients that they are providing an adequate level of care.

Key messages

• To quantify the problem of underperforming general practitioners in the Northern Deanery, a postal survey was carried out among representatives of healthcare commissioners, doctors, and patients
• A small but not insignificant number of doctors were identified as providing a poor level of performance
• Main areas for concern were communication skills, clinical skills, and management skills.
• Various methods were used for identifying underperforming doctors, but there was no common method applied
• Perceived problems with the present system of dealing with underperforming doctors included identification, lack of power of patients and health authorities, and doctors’ professional loyalty and lack of accountability