553例女性宫颈高危型HPV感染与宫颈病变的相关性研究

目的：研究女性生殖道高危型人乳头瘤病毒（high risk human papilloma virus,hrHPV）感染现状及子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CI N）的现患率,并分析该人群年龄与HPV感染及宫颈癌前病变的相关性以及hrHPV病毒载量与宫颈病变之间剂量-效应关系。方法：对553例30岁-78岁有性生活史的女性进行以人群为基础的横断面调查。对所有接受筛查的妇女均行宫颈HPV检测及电子阴道镜下病理活检,并以病理结果作为诊断子宫颈病变的金标准。资料采用EXCEL整理,利用x2检验和非条件Logistic回归分析危险因素和CI N的关系。结果：553例受检对象总体阳性检出率为18.0%。hrHPV感染情况在不同年龄段分布有显著差异,hrHPV病毒载量越高宫颈病变的程度越重。结论：不同年龄段hrHPV感染情况不同,hrHPV病毒载量与宫颈病变之间存在剂量-效应关系。     

人乳头状瘤病毒分型及病毒载量与宫颈病变的研究进展

宫颈癌作为目前妇女最常见的恶性肿瘤,新发病例在全球范围内仍处于上升趋势。已有实验证明,HPV感染是宫颈癌发生发展的必要条件。然而不同分型及其病毒载量高低仍会影响诊断率,从而影响病情,使之发展为持续性感染,最终演变为癌前病变或宫颈癌。目前,研究者对于高危型HPV病毒载量与宫颈病变之间是否存在依存关系尚存争议。研究表明,高病毒载量可能成为预测宫颈癌前病变进展的指标,然而对于病理诊断明确的宫颈癌患者而言,病毒载量并不能代表病理分期。本文综述了人乳头状瘤病毒,不同基因分型,病毒载量等因素对于宫颈病变及宫颈癌的相关性的近年研究进展,希望有助于指导临床工作。     

生殖道微生态与宫颈HPV感染的相关性研究CSCD

宫颈癌作为最常见的女性恶性肿瘤之一,与人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染密切相关。近年来,随着对生殖道微生态研究的不断深入,我们逐渐认识到多种生殖道炎症与HPV感染及子宫颈上皮内瘤变有显著的相关性,而且细菌性阴道病相关致病菌在介导HPV感染及诱发宫颈病变中也发挥潜在作用。同时乳杆菌是健康女性阴道微环境中最常见的优势菌,对维持阴道微生态平衡及宫颈健康有着不可忽视的重要意义。因此,维持健康女性生殖道微生态环境对减少HPV持续感染和预防宫颈癌有重要的作用。本文将围绕生殖道微生态与HPV感染及子宫颈上皮内瘤变之间的相关性作一综述。     

青岛地区HPV亚型检测及其在宫颈病变中的意义

目的调查青岛地区妇科门诊就诊女性人群人乳头状瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染状况和基因型分布情况,以及与宫颈病变的关系。方法选取2016年6月-2017年6月于我院妇科门诊就诊,有性生活史并要求行HPV亚型检测的患者,共计11 885例,其中5 434例患者同时行TCT检测,分别分析年龄、多重感染及HPV亚型与宫颈病变的关系。结果 11 885例受检者中HPV总感染率为33.51%(3 983/11 885),其中:高危型HPV占82.59%(5 076/6 146),主要包括HPV16、HPV52、HPV58;低危型HPV占17.41%(1 070/6 146),主要包括HPV81、HPV6、HPV11。HPV单一亚型感染率为63.65%(2 535/3 983),多重感染率为36.35%(1 448/3 983)。不同年龄段HPV感染率差异有统计学意义(P0.01),呈"U"型,≤29岁感染率最高(43.20%),HPV感染率随TCT检查诊断级别的升高而显著升高(P0.01),HSIL组HPV感染率最高(93.12%)。结论青岛地区高危型HPV主要亚型为HPV16、HPV52、HPV58;不同年龄段及不同TCT诊断级别HPV感染率不同,HPV感染与宫颈鳞状上皮内病变密切相关,为宫颈癌的筛查、防治提供初步理论依据。     

人乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌前病变的相关性研究

目的：探讨人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈癌前病变两者之间的相关性。方法：选择2009年11月～2011年12月来我院就诊的220例宫颈病变患者为研究对象,将患者分成4组,即炎症组、CINl组、CIN2组和CIN3组,各组进行人乳头瘤病毒检出率及病毒载量的比较。结果：炎症组、CINl、CIN2和CIN34组人乳头瘤病毒的检出率分别为67．2％、80％、87．3％和91．4％且4组之间比较差异有显著统计学意义（P〈O．001）。炎症组HPV感染的阳性率与CIN组比较显著降低（P〈0．005）,宫颈癌前病变各组HPV感染呈阳性的病毒载量差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：宫颈癌前病变的严重程度和感染高危型HPV病毒载量呈正相关,随着感染高危型HPV病毒载量越高,宫颈癌前病变的程度越严重。     

宫颈上皮内瘤变治疗前后人乳头状瘤病毒载量的临床研究

目的:探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)治疗前后人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)载量与预后的意义.方法:从2006年6月～2009年9月间在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院妇科门诊和妇科病房就诊的190例CIN患者,经宫颈环形电切术(LEEP)或宫颈冷刀锥切术治疗后进行1年随访,检测治疗前后HPV的载量,对病灶持续存在和复发进行分析.结果:CIN患者经LEEP或宫颈冷刀锥切术治疗后HPV平均载量较治疗前均显著降低(P＜0.01).随着HPV病毒载量持续时间越长,病变的持续存在率、复发率越高.结论:LEEP或宫颈冷刀锥切能显著降低CIN患者HPV载量,病毒载量影响疾病预后,其研究对随访和预后都有指导意义.     

HPV-16/18血清中和抗体阳性率及其与宫颈病变相关性研究

高危型人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)持续感染可导致癌前病变,以HPV-16/HPV-18型感染最为常见,但HPV感染所产生的中和抗体(Neutralizing Antibody,nAb)对宫颈癌及癌前病变的相关关系尚不明确.本研究旨在探索HPV-16/HPV-18在不同的中和抗体与DNA感染状态下的年龄分布及其和宫颈组织学病变的相关性.通过横断面研究,本研究于2012年11月至2013年4月招募7372名18～45岁健康女性.收集每个受试者血清用假病毒中和抗体定性检测HPV-16和HPV-18中和抗体;采集宫颈细胞学样本用于液基细胞学诊断,并用HPV SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25分型检测系统及HPV-16/HPV-18型特异性DNA酶联免疫测定法联合检测HPV-16/HPV-18 DNA;召回细胞学异常的受试者在阴道镜下采集组织学标本进行病理诊断.结果 显示,HPV-16和HPV-18中和抗体(nAb)阳性率为12.56％,4.94％,DNA阳性率为2.69％和0.92％,nAb与DNA的一致率较低.HPV-16和HPV-18DNA-/nAb+人群在27～45岁的大龄组女性中比例均高于18～26岁女性.DNA+/nAb+和DNA+/nAb-人群在18～26岁和27～45岁年龄组中比例无统计学差异.多因素分析结果显示,与DNA-/nAb-人群相比,HPV-16 DNA +/nAb-人群发生宫颈高度病变CIN2+的风险较高,而DNA+/nAb+则风险更高,调整OR分别为33.80 (95％CI:16.50～69.23)和63.86 (95％CI:36.57～111.52);HPV-18呈现相同的规律,调整OR分别为5.39 (95％CI:1.14～25.56)和7.83 (1.61～38.14).HPV-16或HPV-18 DNA阳性的女性是宫颈组织学病变的高危人群,而若DNA阳性伴有同型抗体阳性的人群则风险更高,这对于探究宫颈病变的自然发病机理具有一定意义.     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染与女性生殖道常见病原菌和宫颈病变的关系

目的:探讨高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染与女性生殖道常见病原菌以及宫颈病变的关系。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年6月于成都市妇女儿童中心医院进行宫颈癌筛查的732例妇女为研究对象,所有受试者均行HPV检测、生殖道病原菌检测,判定宫颈病变程度,统计高危型HPV感染及亚型分布特征,分析高危型HPV感染与女性生殖道常见病原菌和宫颈病变的关系。结果:732例妇女HPV感染率为44.95%,高危型HPV占85.11%,HPV-16在高危型HPV中占比最高。生殖道常见病原菌中感染率最高的是沙眼衣原体,感染率为18.99%,存在女性生殖道常见病原菌感染者高危型HPV的检出率高于未感染者(P0.05),而低危型HPV检出率在女性生殖道常见病原菌感染者和未感染者无统计学差异(P0.05)。高危型HPV检出率随着宫颈病变程度加重而升高(P0.05)。结论:高危型HPV感染与女性常见生殖道病原菌感染和宫颈病变程度有关,高危型HPV感染率越高,发生宫颈癌的危险性越大。     

HPV病毒感染与宫颈病变发生发展关系的研究进展

宫颈病变是指在宫颈区域发生的各种病变,包括炎症、癌前病变、肿瘤等,人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是引起多种宫颈病变的主要因素之一,尤其是高危型HPV病毒的持续感染更是宫颈病变的重要病因,目前高危型HPV病毒的检测已成为筛查宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的重要手段。现将近年来HPV病毒感染与宫颈病变发生发展关系的研究进展作一综述。     

广西柳州18～45岁女性人乳头瘤病毒16/18型中和抗体流行率及其与宫颈病变相关性的研究

阐明广西柳州地区自然人群中18~45岁女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16/18型中和抗体和DNA流行情况,并探讨其与子宫颈癌癌前病变的相关性。2013年3月至7月在柳州市招募2 300名18~45岁女性,采集血清以假病毒中和试验(PBNA)法检测HPV16/18型中和抗体,同时采集宫颈脱落细胞进行液基细胞学诊断和HPV DNA检测,对细胞学异常者进行阴道镜检查,并对采集的组织学标本进行病理诊断。采用趋势性χ2检验分析不同年龄段HPV DNA阳性率及HPV中和抗体阳性率的差异,Logistic回归分析筛选宫颈癌前病变的影响因素。广西柳州地区18~45岁女性自然人群中,HPV16DNA或中和抗体阳性364例(15.8%,95%CI:14.4,17.4),HPV18DNA或中和抗体阳性164例(7.1%,95%CI:6.1,8.3)。CIN3在不同年龄组的卡方趋势检验有统计学意义(P=0.005),HPV16和HPV18型DNA阳性是CIN1+(宫颈上皮内瘤变1级及以上)、CIN2+(宫颈上皮内瘤变2级及以上)的主要危险因素,而自然感染产生的中和抗体与癌前病变未发现统计学相关性。HPV16/18型感染是宫颈癌癌前病变的主要危险因素,并未发现自然感染产生的中和抗体与其相关,表明接种疫苗仍是18~45岁女性预防HPV感染及癌前病变的主要方式。     

宫颈癌中端粒酶的表达和高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染

目的:研究不同程度子宫颈病变中高危型人乳头瘤病毒HR-HPV感染和端粒酶活性的表达,以探讨两者在宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变中的作用及相关性。方法:采用第二代杂交捕获技术检测宫颈脱落细胞HPV-DNA含量,并用免疫组织化学EnVision二步法检测宫颈组织标本中端粒酶的表达。结果:(1)端粒酶阳性表达率在对照组、CINⅠ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ和宫颈癌组分别为10.00%、16.67%、40.00%、70.00%、95.00%,宫颈癌组高于CINⅢ,CINⅢ高于CINⅡ,CINⅡ高于CINⅠ,差异均有统计学意义(x2=4.329,P=0.037;x2=4.327,P=0.038;x2=4.022,P=0.045)。(2)随着宫颈病变级别的增加,高危型HPV的阳性率和病毒负荷量均增高。高危型HPV的阳性率在宫颈癌和CINⅢ组明显高于对照组、CINⅠ及CINⅡ(x2=29.501~7.414,P<0.01)。高危型HPV的病毒负荷量在对照组与其他4组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);CINⅠ组分别与CINⅡ、CINⅢ及宫颈癌组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)随着宫颈病变级别的增加,高危型HPV的阳性率和端粒酶阳性表达率依次递增,两者有明显的相关性(r=0.943,P<0.01)。结论:高危型HPV感染和端粒酶活性均与宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的发生发展密切相关,有望作为子宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌筛查的监测指标。     

Prevalence of human papillomavirus among Croatian women attending regular gynecological visit

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been identified as major risk factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer. About 40 HPV viral types are commonly found in the genital tract. Most HPV infections resolve spontaneously, while persistent infection with oncogenic types, namely HPV 16 and 18 is necessary for CIN to occur and progress to cancer. Cervical screening is presently based on the Pap smear that is designed to diagnose precancerous lesions and cervical cancer The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HPV DNA and to determine HPV types distribution among 361 women attending regular gynecological visit. There were 205 women (29+/-8 years old) without determined abnormal cervical lesions and 156 women (34+/-15 years old) with abnormal Pap smear; low grade squamous intraepitehelial lesions (LSIL, n=69), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL, n=72) and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS, n=15). HPV DNA detection and genotyping was performed by Hybrid Capture 2 assay and additionally by consensus and type-specific primers directed PCR. The overall prevalence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) in women with abnormal Pap smears was 67.9% (106/156), of which in ASCUS 33.4% (5/15), LSIL 62.3% (43/69) and HSIL 80.6% (58/72). In HPV positive specimens, HPV 16 was found as predominant type in 60.4% cases, followed by HPV 31 (8.5%), HPV 33 (6.6%) and HPV 18 (3.7%). In the group of women without obvious cervical changes the overall hrHPV prevalence was 35.6% with HPV 16 found in 43.8% cases, followed by HPV 31 (17.8%), HPV33 (9.5%) and HPV18 (6.8%). In both study groups, women with and without cervical lesions, the prevalence of HPVof indeterminate type was 14.2% and 13.7%, respectively. Our results indicate that cervical intraepithelial lesions are largely associated with HPV type 16, followed by HPV types 31, 33, 18 and HPV of indeterminate type. Although there is a significant difference in hrHPV DNA prevalence among two groups, no significant differences between particular hrHPV types distribution were observed.     

Residual Disease and HPV Persistence after Cryotherapy for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2/3 in HIV-Positive Women in Kenya

Objective

To assess residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 disease and clearance of high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) infections at 6 months after cryotherapy among HIV-positive women.

Design

Follow-up study.

Methods

79 HIV-positive women received cryotherapy for CIN2/3 in Nairobi, Kenya, and underwent conventional cytology 6 months later. Biopsies were performed on high grade cytological lesions and hrHPV was assessed before (cervical cells and biopsy) and after cryotherapy (cells).

Results

At 6 months after cryotherapy CIN2/3 had been eliminated in 61 women (77.2%; 95% Confidence Interval, (CI): 66.4–85.9). 18 women (22.8%) had residual CIN2/3, and all these women had hrHPV at baseline. CD4 count and duration of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) were not associated with residual CIN2/3. CIN3 instead of CIN2 was the only significant risk factor for residual disease (odds ratio, OR vs CIN2 = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.2–15.0) among hrHPV-positive women after adjustment for age and HPV16 infection. Persistence of hrHPV types previously detected in biopsies was found in 77.5% of women and was associated with residual CIN2/3 (OR = 8.1, 95% CI: 0.9–70). The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of hrHPV test in detecting residual CIN2/3 were 0.94, 0.36, and 0.96 respectively.

Conclusions

Nearly one quarter of HIV-positive women had residual CIN2/3 disease at 6 months after cryotherapy, and the majority had persistent hrHPV. CD4 count and cART use were not associated with residual disease or hrHPV persistence. The value of hrHPV testing in the detection of residual CIN2/3 was hampered by a low specificity.     

宫颈癌中端粒酶的表达和高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染

目的：研究不同程度子宫颈病变中高危型人乳头瘤病毒HR-HPV感染和端粒酶活性的表达,以探讨两者在宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变中的作用及相关性。方法：采用第二代杂交捕获技术检测宫颈脱落细胞HPV．DNA含量,并用免疫组织化学EnVision二步法检测宫颈组织标本中端粒酶的表达。结果：（1）端粒酶阳性表达率在对照组、C1NI、CINII、CINⅢ和宫颈癌组分别为10．00％、16．67％、40．00％、70．00％、95．00％,宫颈癌组高于cINⅢ,CINⅢ高于C1NⅡ,C1NII高于CINI,差异均有统计学意5C（X^2=-4．329,P=0．037;xⅫ．327,P=0．038;X^2=4．022,P=0．045）。（2）随着宫颈病变级别的增加,高危型HPV的阳性率和病毒负荷量均增高。高危型HPV的阳性率在宫颈癌和CINⅢ组明显高于对照组、CINI及CINⅡ（X^2=29．501-7．414,P〈0．01）。高危型HPV的病毒负荷量在对照组与其他4组比较,差异均有统计学意K（P〈0．05）;C1NI组分别与CINⅡ、C1NⅢ及宫颈癌组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（3）随着宫颈病变级别的增加,高危型HPV的阳性率和端粒酶阳性表达率依次递增,两者有明显的相关性（r=0．943,P〈0．01）。结论：高危型HPV感染和端粒酶活性均与宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌的发生发展密切相关,有望作为子宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌筛查的监测指标。     

生殖道感染与宫颈癌及宫颈癌前病变的相关性研究

目的:探讨生殖道感染与宫颈癌、宫颈癌前病变的相关性及危险因素分析。方法:选取我院收治的185例宫颈癌及宫颈癌前病变患者和同期206例健康体检者分为两组,对人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)、沙眼衣原体(CT)、细菌性阴道病(BV)、阴道滴虫进行检测,观察分析相应病原微生物导致的生殖道感染与宫颈癌及宫颈癌前病变的关系,同时根据HPV不同基因型在宫颈癌及宫颈癌前病变中的致癌作用和程度,判定危险程度。结果:宫颈癌及宫颈癌前病变患者上述指标感染检出率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.000、0.001、0.000、0.037),其中高危HPV感染率随宫颈上皮内瘤变级别的升高而呈明显上升趋势,CINⅠ～Ⅲ级感染率分别为57.1%、78.6%和82.9%,宫颈癌感染率最高达91.1%,高危HPV为高危因素。结论:生殖道HPV、CT、BV、滴虫感染与宫颈癌及CIN存在必然或一定相关性,加强对妇女生殖道病原体感染的重视和检测对防治宫颈癌及CIN具有积极意义。     

Cytology and Human Papillomavirus Co-Test Results Preceding Incident High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Objective

High-risk HPV (hrHPV) and cytology co-testing is utilized for primary cervical cancer screening and for enhanced follow-up of women who are hrHPV-positive, cytology negative. However, data are lacking on the utility of this method to detect pre-cancer or cancer in community-based clinical practice. This study describes cytology and hrHPV results preceding high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, or cervical cancer (i.e., CIN2+) in an integrated health system employing routine co-testing among women aged 30 years and older.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adult female members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) with incident CIN2+ between July 2008 and June 2009. The primary outcome was the proportions of cytologic diagnoses and hrHPV co-test results preceding a diagnosis of CIN2+. Cervical cytology and hrHPV testing results were abstracted from electronic medical records.

Results

Of 1283 CIN2+ cases among adult women, 880 (68.5%) were among women aged 30 years and older and 145/880 (16.5%, 95% CI 14.1–19.1) had only normal cytology during the 12 months prior to diagnosis. Furthermore, 133/880 (15.1%, 95% 12.9–17.7) were preceded by only normal cytology and persistent hrHPV infection (at least 2 positive hrHPV tests) during the 6–36 months preceding CIN2+ diagnosis.

Conclusions

Incident CIN2+ is frequently preceded by normal cytology and persistent hrHPV infection among women aged 30 years and older; screening strategies that employ HPV testing and cytology may improve the detection of CIN2+ compared with cytology alone.     

Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes among HIV-Negative Women with and without Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in South Africa

Objective

Large studies describing the profile of high-risk Human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotypes among women in sub-Saharan Africa are lacking. Here we describe the prevalence and distribution of hrHPV genotypes among HIV-negative women in South Africa, with and without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

Methods

We report data on 8,050 HIV-negative women, aged 17–65 years, recruited into three sequential studies undertaken in Cape Town, South Africa. Women had no history of previous cervical cancer screening. Cervical samples were tested for hrHPV DNA using the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay and all positive samples were genotyped using a PCR-based assay (Line Blot). Women underwent colposcopy and biopsy/endocervical curettage to determine CIN status. The prevalence and distribution of specific hrHPV genotypes were examined by age and CIN status.

Results

Overall, 20.7% (95% CI, 19.9–21.6%) of women were hrHPV-positive by HC2, with women with CIN having the highest rates of positivity. Prevalence decreased with increasing age among women without CIN; but, a bimodal age curve was observed among women with CIN. HPV 16 and 35 were the most common hrHPV genotypes in all age and CIN groups. HPV 45 became more frequent among older women with CIN grade 2 or 3 (CIN2,3). Younger women (17–29 years) had more multiple hrHPV genotypes overall and in each cervical disease group than older women (40–65 years).

Conclusion

HPV 16, 35, and 45 were the leading contributors to CIN 2,3. The current HPV vaccines could significantly reduce HPV-related cervical disease; however, next generation vaccines that include HPV 35 and 45 would further reduce cervical disease in this population.     

High-risk HPV detection by Hybrid Capture and ploidy determination by a computer-assisted system in cervical biopsies

OBJECTIVE: To correlate high-risk HPV (hrHPV) detection by Hybrid Capture II (HC2) (Digene, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.) with DNA content (ploidy) of cervical biopsies analyzed by a computer-assisted system. STUDY DESIGN: Cervical biopsies from 54 women examined at Leonor Mendes de Barros Hospital, S?o Paulo, as part of the Latin American Screening study during 2002--2003, were tested for hrHPV with HC2. All patients had been referred for colposcopic examination due to an abnormal cervical cytology. The final diagnosis included 30 cervicitis, 14 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 5 CIN 2, 4 CIN 3 and 1 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Five-micrometer sections of each biopsy were stained with Feulgen-tionine and evaluated with the CAS 200 System (Becton Dickinson, U.S.A.), using the 3.0 software (version 8.1) of the DNA Quantitative Measurement Program (Becton Dickinson). Ploidy was evaluated from histograms obtained by analyzing atypical nuclei. RESULTS: Of the 30 cervicitis cases, 28 (93.3%) were diploid, and hrHPV was detected in 8 (28.5%) of the cases. Two tetraploid cervicitis lesions were observed, 1 positive and 1 negative for hrHPV. Among the CIN 1 lesions, 8 (57.1%) were diploid and 6 (42.8%) aneuploid. Of the latter, 4 (66.6%) were negative and 2 (33.3%) positive for hrHPV. Of the 5 CIN 2 lesions, 2 were diploid, 2 aneuploid and 1 tetraploid; all were positive for hrHPV. All CIN 3 lesions and the SCC proved to be aneuploid and positive for hrHPV. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that the majority of cervicitis and CIN 1 lesions are diploid and negativef or hrHPV. This is in sharp contrast to high grade CIN 2-3 lesions, all of which were positive for hrHPV in this study and also aneuploid, consistent with their progressive potential.     

PCR diagnosis of HPV in cervical biopsies of CIN and invasive neoplasia formerly diagnosed as HPV negative

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enhances the diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) in biopsies of the uterine cervix with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or invasive neoplasia. STUDY DESIGN: Samples of 71 paraffin-embedded cervical tissue blocks from patients seen in the period 1997-1998 were analyzed. Samples were selected according to age (18-60 years old) and an active sexual life and divided in to 3 groups: test (samples with CIN or invasive neoplasia and a negative HPV diagnosis), positive controls (samples with CIN or invasive neoplasia and a positive HPV diagnosis) and negative controls (samples without CIN or invasive neoplasia and a negative HPV diagnosis). Samples were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR for HPV detection. RESULTS: PCR analysis matched the colposcopic and cytopathologic diagnoses in the positive and negative controls. However, 77% of samples in test group were HPV positive. CONCLUSION: CIN, an invasive neoplasm, is associated with the presence of HPV. Colposcopy and cytopathology are efficient but not sufficient to identify HPV. Thus, despite the high cost, PCR can be used as an additional examination, in women with cervical lesions.